-
2010
年考研英语答案试题解析
——
阅读理解
Text 1
①
Of all the changes that
have taken place in English-language newspapers
during the past quarter-century,
perhaps the most far-reaching has been
the inexorable decline in the scope and
seriousness of their arts coverage.
考点分析（
the most
）本句的
意思是
过去这些年英语报纸上所发生的最有影响力的变化的可能
是艺术评论
的在报道范围和严肃性的堕落
①
It is difficult to the point of
impossibility for the average reader under the age
of forty to imagine a time when
high-
quality arts criticism could be found in most big-
city newspapers.
②
Yet a
considerable number of the most
significant collections of criticism
published in the 20th century consisted in large
part of newspaper reviews.
③
To read such books today is to marvel
at the fact that their learned contents were once
deemed suitable for
publication in
general-circulation
dailies.
考点分析①
to the point of
到
...
地步
②转折常考，
出
21
< br>题。
然而，
< br>在
20
世纪大量的最重要的批评集是有报纸评论组成的。
本句强调
20
世纪的报纸评论数量很多。
③沿着上
句的意思论述：
如今读到这样的书的人不禁会对下面这个事实感到惊讶
:
< br>这些评论之前竟然被认为适合在面
向大众的日报上刊登。
21. It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and
2 that
A arts criticism has disappeared
from big-city newspapers.
B English-
language newspapers used to carry more arts
reviews.
C high-quality newspapers
retain a large body of readers.
D young
readers doubt the suitability of criticism on
dailies.
正确选项解析
B
由第一段的
①
decline in scope
和第二段的②
a considerable number
都在强调以前的报纸
关于艺术评论数量很多，所以选择
B
干扰选项分析
A
比较容易排除。与第一段①矛盾，原文只是说
decline,
即下降，没有说消失（
disappear
）
C
比较容易排除。
高质量的报纸未丧失大量的读者
。无中生有。
D
强干扰项
。
年轻的读者怀疑报纸上的评论不合适
。
原文③：
《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》
marvel v. be very
surprised
(and often admiring)
大为惊讶（常含赞叹之意），表明其实读
者是赞同：这些评论可以再报纸上
刊登的。这里的
doubt
表示怀疑，所以与
marvel
意思相
反。
①
We are even farther removed from the
unfocused newspaper reviews published in England
between the turn of
the 20th century
and the eve of World War 2,at a time when
newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts
criticism was
considered an ornament to
the publications in which it appeared.
②
In those far-off days, it
was taken for granted
that the critics
of major papers would write in detail and at
length about the events they covered.
③
Theirs was a
serious business. and even those
reviews who wore their learning lightly, like
George Bernard Shaw and Ernest
Newman,
could be trusted to know what they were about.
④
These men believed in
journalism as a calling, and
were proud
to be published in the daily press.
⑤
So few authors have brains
enough or literary gift enough to keep
their own end up in ournalism,Newman
wrote,
applied by writers who are not
read to writers who are
考点分析①否定常考（
unfocused
）出
22
题。承接上文，上文讲我们的评论数量减少，这里继续讲我们甚至
离
< br>20
世纪初到二战期间的报纸评论也相差很远。
Even
farther removed from
表明作者的惋惜之情。②
in
detail and at length
详细的
③
serious
严肃的
④
call
ing
对做某项工作的强烈欲望或责任感
骄傲
上
面的这些词都表明二战前的报
纸评论的风格。⑤否定常考，出
23
题。
因此，几乎没有人有足够的智慧或
文学天赋在新闻事业上成就
自己，
我更喜欢吧新闻事业定义为
被假
作家耻辱地使用了的术语，
对真作家来
说，他们不足挂齿
。
其实本句话中
Newman
wrote,
后面的根本不需要看懂。
22. Newspaper reviews in England before
World War 2 were characterized by
A
free themes.
B casual style.
C elaborate layout.
D
radical viewpoints.
正确选项解析
A
unfocused
的英文解释：
not
concentrated at one point or upon one objective, f
ree
的英文解释是
unrestricted
，所以
unfocused = free
,
属于同义替换。
干扰选项分析
B
请看《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》字典对
casual
的解释：（
a
）
mad
e or done without much care or thought;
offhand
不经意的
;
随便的
;
马虎的
;
临时的
(b) (derog
贬
) showing little concern;
nonchalant; irresponsible
漠
不关心的
;
无动於衷的
;
不负责任的
(c) not methodical or
thorough; not serious
无条理的
;
不彻底的
;
不认真
的
.
这几个意思都是和②
in detail and at length
详细的
③
seriou
s
严肃的
④
c
alling
对做某项工作的强烈欲
望或责任感
骄傲
相矛盾的。所以不选。<
/p>
C
强干扰项。
elaborate
可以替换原文中的
in detail
，但是
layout(
布局
)
无中生有，所以本题与原文不相符
合。
D radical
激进的
无中生有。
23. Which
of the following would shaw and Newman most
probably agree on?
A It is writers'
duty to fulfill journalistic goals.
B
It is contemptible for writers to be journalists.
C Writers are likely to be tempted into
journalism.
D Not all writers are
capable of journalistic writing.
正确选项解析
D
对⑤同义替换。
Few= not all
，
have brains enough or
literary gift enough =capable of
注意：
D
选项中
not all
属于部分否定
,
语气委婉，在选项中出现往往正确。
干扰选项分析
A
journalistic goals(
新闻业的目标
)
，
无中生有。
B
作家成为记者是值得鄙视的。
与④的
p
roud
（自豪的）相反。
C
作者
容易被新闻业吸引
。对⑤偷梁换柱。原文说的是被
define
所吸
引，而不是被
< br>journalism
所吸引。
①
Unfortunately,these critics
are virtually forgotten.
②
Neville Cardus, who wrote
for the Manchester Guardian
from 1917
until shortly before his death in 1975, is now
known solely as a writer of essays on the game of
cricket.
③
During his
lifetime, though, he was also one of England's
foremost classical-music critics, and a stylist so
widely admired that his Autobiography
(1947) became a best-seller.
④
He was knighted in 1967,
the first music
critic to be so
honored.
⑤
Yet only one of
his books is now in print, and his vast body of
writings on music is
unknown save to
specialists.
考点分析①否定常考
+
段首常考。
不幸的是，这些批评家几乎被忘记了。
言语之间是作者对报纸评论堕落
的惋惜
之情。②
-
⑤是举
Neville C
ardus
的例子来论证以前的评论家怎么被忘记的，可以略读。
①
Is there any chance that
Cardus's criticism will enjoy a revival?
②
The prospect seems
remote.
③
Journalistic
tastes had changed long before his
death, and postmodern readers have little use for
the richly uphostered
Vicwardian prose
in which he specialized.
④
Moreover,the amateur
tradition in music criticism has been in
headlong retreat.
考点分析①特殊标点常
考，出
25
题。笔者在课堂中反复强调出现问号是必考的。
那样的评论会重
现吗？不太可能！
再一次点明了作者所讨论的中心：报纸行业的堕落（
decline
），要注意
decline
与①中
的
revival
是反
义词。③讲理由，出
24
题。（编辑：白天骄）
24. What can be
learned about Cardus according to the last two
paragraphs?
A His music criticism may
not appeal to readers today.
B His
reputation as a music critic has long been in
dispute.
C His style caters largely to
modern specialists.
D His writings fail
to follow the amateur tradition.
正确选项解析
A
③说新闻业的品味已
经改变，
读者不需要
（
have
little use for
）
他所擅长的风格，
所以
Cardus's
criticism
不可能复苏。
而
A Cardus's
criticism
也许不能吸引当今的读者。
注意
have little use for= not
appeal to
同时本选项还有
may,
这个语气委婉的词，符合黄四
正确答案语气委婉
。
干扰选项分析<
/p>
B
原文没有提到他的名声有争议，所以无中生有。
C
他的风格符合现在的专家
与本段最后一句相矛盾。
D
移花接木，是利用最后一句话编造的选项。
25. What would be the best title for
the text?
A Newspapers of the Good Old
Days
B The Lost Horizon in Newspapers
C Mournful Decline of Journalism
D Prominent Critics in Memory
正确选项解析主旨题，可以利用串线法解出本题。第一段开宗明义：过去这些年英语报纸上所发生的最有
影响力的变化的可能是艺术评论的在报道范围和严肃性的堕落（
de
cline
）。第二段承接第一段的意思。第
三段首句：
不幸的是，这些批评家几乎被忘记了。
言语之间是作者对报纸评论堕落的惋惜之情。第四段：
那样的评论会重现吗？不太可能！
再一次点明了作者所
讨论的中心：报纸行业的堕落（
decline
），
所以
C
：令人惋惜的新闻业的堕落。
mournful
是大纲词汇。
干扰选项分析
A
报纸行业过去的黄金
岁月
。没有点出作者对现在的报纸的惋惜之情
< br>
B
报纸行业的消失的视野
<
/p>
本选项的错误类型和
A
一样。
D
记忆中的杰出的评论家
本文的中心不是怀恋过去，而是批判现在的堕落。
Text 2
Over the past
decade, thousands of patents have seen granted for
what are called business methods.
received one for its
“one
-
click” online payment
system. M
errill Lynch got legal
protection for an asset allocation
strategy. One inventor patented a
technique for lying a box.
本段是背景段，讲过去的事情
。只需看懂第一句
“
过
去的几十年中，
上千个商业方法被授予专利。
”
Now the nation’s top patent court
appears completely
-property lawyers
abuzz the U.S. court of Appeals for the
federal circuit said it would use a
particular case to conduct a broad review of
business-method patents. In the
Bilski,
as the case is known, is a “very big deal”, says
Dennis’D Crouch of the University of Missouri
School of
law. It “has the potential to
eliminate an entire class of patents.”
本
段转折。
“
将会用一个案例来全面审查商业方
< br>法专利
”
。最后一句
“
它有可能排除一种专利（即上文的
business-method
patent
）
”
26. Business-method patents have
recently aroused concern because of
[A]
their limited value to business
[B]
their connection with asset allocation
[C] the possible restriction on their
granting
[D] the controversy over
authorization
选
[C]
，根正苗红的同义替换。
possible= potential
，
eliminate=
restriction [A]
无中生有
[B]
用第一段的一
个小例子中的细
节捏造选项
[D] controversy
无中生有。
27. Which
of the following is true of the Bilski case?
[A] Its ruling complies with the court
decisions
[B] It involves a very big
business transaction
[C] It has been
dismissed by the Federal Circuit
[D] It
may change the legal practices in the U.S.
选
[D] potential= may ,change
对应着第一段和第二段之间的转折。
从本段的
< br>review
，
eliminate
也可以看出这
是一种转折。
全文一直没有讲
Bilski
case
的判决的结果，
而
[A] [C]
都是在讲其判决结果，
所以与原文相反。
[B]
是从原文
“
a “very big
deal””
字面意识出发设置的干扰选项。
a big
deal
其实在英文中的意思是
“
重
要
”
，
而不是
“
生意（
transaction
）<
/p>
”
本题
[D]
还
有
may
,
正确答案往往语气委婉，所以更加确定选这个选项。
Curbs on business-method claims would
be a dramatic about-face, because it was the
federal circuit itself that
introduced
such patents with is 1998 decision in the so-
called state Street Bank case, approving a patent
on a way
of pooling mutual-fund assets.
That ruling produced an explosion in business-
method patent filings, initially by
emerging internet companies trying to
stake out exclusive pinhts to specific types of
online transactions. Later,
move
established companies raced to add such patents to
their files, if only as a defensive move against
rivals that
might bent them to the
punch. In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that
it had been issued more than 300
business-method patents despite the
fact that it questioned the legal basis for
granting them. Similarly, some Wall
Street investment films armed
themselves with patents for financial products,
even as they took positions in court
cases opposing the practice.28. The
word “about
-
face” (Line
1,Para 3) most probably means
[A] loss of good will
[B]
increase of hostility
[C] change of
attitude
[D] enhancement of disnity
本题是词汇题，一定要返回原文通过上下文解题。
Because
之前是说对
business-method
的约束（
curbs
）
,
而
because
之后说的是
“
正是联邦审判引入了
business-
method”
，所以二者之间自然表明了是
“
态度的转变
”
。
所以选
[C]
The Bilski case
involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging
risk in the energy market.
The Federal
circuit
issued an unu
sual
order stating that the case would be heard by all
12 of the court’s judges, rather than a typical
panel of three and that one issue it
wants to evaluate is weather it should
“reconsider” its state street Bank
ruling.
本段第一句话没有看懂，直接跳过。第二句讲
“
联邦审判要求这个案子要
12
个法官审，而不是普通的
3
人
小组，并且要求判断是否要重新考虑之前的
Bank ruling”
由本句可以排除
29 [A]
The
Federal Circuit’s action comes in the wake of a
series of recent decisions by the supreme Count
that has
narrowed the scope of
protections for patent holders. Last April, for
example the justices signaled that too many
patents were being upheld for
“inventions” that are obvious. The judges on the
Federal circuit are “reacting to the
anti_patent trend at the supreme
court”, says Harole , a partend attorney and
professor at aeorge
Washington
University Law the wake of= after .
第一
句：最高法院已经减少了对专利持有者的保护
(protection)
。而
29[C]
减少了对专利持有者的尊重
（
esteem
）
.<
/p>
其中
esteem
是对
< br>protection
的偷梁换柱。第二句：举例子。法官发出信号：
too many
（过多的
< br>专利被授予了），表明法院认为很多
business-method
不应该被授予，所以选
[B] too many
=often
unnecessarily.
[D]
无中生有。
29. We learn from the last two
paragraphs that business-method patents
[A] are immune to legal challenges
[B] are often unnecessarily issued
[C] lower the esteem for patent holders
[D] increase the incidence of risks
见上文的解析。本题
[A] [B]
两项相反必去其一。
30.
Which of the following would be the subject of the
text?
[A] A looming threat to business-
method patents
[B] Protection for
business-method patent holders
[C] A
legal case regarding business-method patents
[D] A prevailing trend against
business-method patents
选择
[A]
。首先排除
[B]
，与原文相反。
[C]
大帽子。
< br>[A] [D]
的选择有一定难度。用串线法解题。第一段讲
过去
business method
很容易被授予专利。
其中第一段的最后一句话已经暗含着对这种做法的反对。第二段
转折：将会用一个案例来
全面审查商业方法专利。第三段：对
business method
< br>的约束（
curbs
）是法院态度
的巨大转变。最后一段明确提出
reacting to the anti-
patent trend at the supreme court .
要注意的
是原文始终没
有说
Bilski
case
的判决，因此只是一个
looming (
隐约地出现
)
的
dang
er
，而不是已经盛行的趋势。
Text 3
①
In his book The
Tipping Point, Malcolm Aladuell argues that
“social epidemics” are driven in large part by the
actions of a tiny minority of special
individuals, often called influentials, who are
unusually informed, persuasive,
or well
connected.
②
T
he
idea is intuitively compelling, but it doesn’t
explain how ideas actually spread.
考点分析①
因果常考（
driven
），出
31
题
[A]
。
Malcolm
Aladuell
的观点
“
社会流行
的东西在很大程度上是
有一小部分有影响力的人发动的，这些人见多识广，有说服力
”
②转折常考，出
31
< br>题
[B]
。
< br>“
这个观点不
能解释思想是如何传播的
< br>”
。要注意：
ideas actually
spread= social epidemics
这就意味着作者认为
influential
对
how ideas
actually spread
作用不大，不起
driven
(
驱动
)
的作用。
31. By citing the book The Tipping
Point, the author intends to __________.
[A]analyze the consequences of social
epidemics
[B]discuss influentials’
function in spreading ideas
[C]exemplify
people’s
intuitive response to social epidemics
[D]describe the essential
characteristics of influentials.
正确选项解析
[B]
本题是说明作者
目的题。由上文②的分析可知选本选项。干扰选项分析
[A]
与原文相反。
本文讨论的是原因
（
dr
iven
）
,
而本题是说结果
（
consequence
）
< br>。
[C]
本段没有提到人们的直觉的反应
（
intuitive
response
）。②只是说
“
作者认为这个观点从直觉上看是
吸引人的
”
。所以无中生有
[D] <
/p>
偏离中心：
influential
对<
/p>
social epidemics
的作用。只是①中的细节。（
编辑：白天骄）
①
The supposed importance of
influentials derives from a plausible-sounding but
largely untested theory called the
“two
-
step flow of
communication”: Information flows from the media
to the
influentials and from them to
everyone else.
②
Marketers have embraced the two-step
flow because it suggests that if they can just
find and
influence the influentials,
those select people will do most of the work for
them.
③
The theory also seems
to
explain the sudden and unexpected
popularity of certain looks, brands, or
neighborhoods.
④
In many such
cases, a
cursory search for causes
finds that some small group of people was wearing,
promoting, or developing whatever it
is
before anyone else paid attention.
⑤
Anecdotal evidence of this
kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain
special people can drive trends.
考点分析①因果常考（
derive from
）
+
转折常考（
but
）
+
否定常考（
un
tested
）
+
段首常考
+
特殊标点常考（冒
号），出
32
题。请看
supposed
在
《牛津高阶英语词典》的英文解释
[only before
noun] used to show that you
think that
a claim, statement or way of describing sb/sth is
not true or correct, although it is generally
believed to
be
。这就意味着
< br>supposed
后面的东西在本质上都是作者反对的。
“
这种
influential
的假象
的重要性来源于一
个貌似合理但是实质上未经检验的
two-
step flow of communication
的理论
”
。
②讲商人接受了这一错误观点。
③中的
seems
④中的
cursory
search(
草率的搜索
)
⑤中的
Anecdotal evidence
（传闻的证据）
这几个词组都表
明作者对这个理论持反
对态度。
32. The author suggests
that the “two
-
step flow
theory” __________.
[A]serves as a solution to marketing
problems
[B]has helped explain certain
prevalent trends
[C]has won support
from influentials
[D]requires solid
evidence for its validity
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