(完整版)磷酸铁锂电池简介

、工作温度范围宽、无毒或少毒、对环境无污染这些性能要求

上都不错， 特别在大放电率放电（

5

～

10C

放电）

、放电电压平稳上、安全上（不燃烧、不爆

< br>炸）

、寿命上（循环次数）

、对环境无污染上是最好的， 是目前最好的大电流输出动力电池。

比亚迪在第九届高交会前夕宣布“全球第一款可以用 于汽车充电的铁电池已经在深圳诞

生”，随后各种冠以“全球第一”、“领先日本

20

年”的比亚迪“铁动力”的报道频见报

端 ，但据同济大学汽车学院副院长李理光透露“比亚迪的‘铁电池’就是磷酸铁锂电池”。

磷酸铁锂电池的结构与工作原理

磷酸铁锂电池电池的内部结构如图

1

所示。

左边是橄榄石结构的

LiFeP O4

作为电池的正

极，由铝箔与电池正极连接，中间是聚合物的 隔膜，它把正极与负极隔开，但锂离子

Li+

可

以通过而电子

e-

不能通过，

右边是由碳

（石墨）

组成的电池负极，

由铜箔与电池的负极连接。

电池的上下端之间是电池的电解质，电池由金属外壳密闭封装 。

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磷酸铁锂电池在充电时，正 极中的锂离子

Li+

通过聚合物隔膜向负极迁移；在放电过程中 ，

负极中的锂离子

Li+

通过隔膜向正 极迁移。

锂离子电池就是因锂离子在充放电时来回迁移而

命名的 。

磷酸铁锂电池主要性能

磷酸铁锂电池的标称电压是

3.2 V

、终止充电电压是

3.6V

、终止放电压是

2.0V

。由于

各个生产厂家采用的正、负极材料、电解质 材料的质量及工艺不同，其性能上会有些差异。

例如同一种型号（同一种封装的标准电池 ），其电池的容量有较大差别（

10%

～

20%

）。

磷酸铁锂动力电池主要性能列于表

1

。为了与其他可充电电 池的相比较，也在表中列出

其他种类可充电电池性能。

这里要说 明的是，

不同工厂生产的磷酸铁锂动力电池在各项性能

参数上会 有一些差别；另外，有一些电池性能未列入，如电池内阻、自放电率、充放电温度

等。< /p>

磷酸铁锂动力电池的容量有较大差别 ，

可以分成三类：

小型的零点几到几毫安时、

< br>中型的几

十毫安时、

大型的几百毫安时。

不同类型电池的同类参数也有一些差异。

这里再介绍一种目

前应用较广的小型标准圆柱形封装的磷酸铁锂动力电池的参数。其外廓尺寸：直径为

18mm

、

高

650mm

（型号为

18650

），其参数性能如表