-
Early Settlers
（史前时期）
Iberians, 3000 BC
What is this:
Stonehenge
It is a group of
standing stones on Salisbury
Plain(
索尔兹伯里平原
) in
southern England. Dating to c.
2000-1800
B.C.
,
the big stones are enclosed by a circular ditch
and embankment that may date to
c.(abbr
，
大约
) 2800. The
arrangement of the stones suggests that it was
used as a religious center
and also as
an astronomical
observatory(
天文台
).
Beaker Folk, 2000 BC
宽口陶器人
Celts, 700 BC
Celtic languages: Irish, Welsh,
Scottish Gaelic
PDF
Roman Britain (55BC-AD 410)
（罗马人统治时期）
J. Caesar
invaded for the
first time in 55 BC.
The
successful invasion by
Claudius
, AD 43.
Queen Boadicea rebelled in AD 61.
The
Roman
built
the
Hadrian’s
Wall
and
the
Antonine
Wall
,
and
they
also
brought
Christianity
to Britain.
The Anglo-
Saxons
（盎格鲁
-
撒克逊时期
）
Heptarchy,
449-828
Augustine became
the first Archbishop of Canterbury in 597.
Egbert became the first
king of England in 829.
Viking and Dane attacked England from
the 8th century
.
Canute, the Danish leader, became king
of England in 1016.
House of Normandy
（诺曼底时期）
William, 1066-1087
Norman Conquest, 1066
视频：
The History
of English in Ten Minutes
The Norman Conquest
1
Narrator:
1066. True to his name, William the
Conqueror invades
England
,
bringing new
concepts from across the
channel like the French language, the Doomsday
book
and the duty free Galois’s
multipack.
French was
de
rigueur(
礼节需要的
)
for all official business, with words
like ‘judge’,
‘jury’,
‘evidence’
and
‘justice’
coming
in
and
giving
John
Grisham’s
career
a
kick-
start.
Latin
was
still
used
ad
nauseam
（令人作呕的）
in
Church,
and
the
common
man
spoke
English
–
able
to
communicate
only
by
speaking
more
slowly and loudly until
the others understood him.
Words like ‘cow’, ‘sheep’ and ‘swine’
c
ome from the English-speaking farmers,
while
the
a
la
carte
versions
-
‘beef’,
‘mutton’
and
‘pork’
-
come
from
the
French-
speaking toffs
–
beginning a
long running trend for restaurants having
completely indecipherable menus.
All in all, the English
absorbs about ten
thousands new words
from the Normans,
but it still
constructs the rules of cheek Kissing.
The
bonhomie
（温和，和蔼）
all ended when the English nation took
their new
warlike
lingo of
‘armies’, ‘navies’ and ‘soldiers’ and began the
Hundred Years
War against France. It
actually lasted 116 years but by that point no one
could
count any higher in French and
English took over as the language of
power
.
Doomsday Book(
末日审判书
：
1085
～
1086
年英王威廉一世钦定英国土地调查清册
)
was
completed in 1086.
Do you
know the name of the book?
The
written
record
of
a
census
and
survey
of
English
landowners
and
their
property
made
by
order of
William the Conqueror in 1085-1086
William II, 1087-1100
Henry I, 1100-1135
Stephen, 1135-1154
Henry
II
married
Eleanor
of
Aquitaine
in
1
152,
thus
acquiring
all
western
France
from
Normandy to the Spanish
border.
House
of Plantagenet
（金雀花王朝，又称
House of
Anjou,
安茹王朝）
Henry II, 1154-1189
Thomas Becket was murdered in 1170.
Richard I, 1189-1199
John, 1199-1216
John was forced to accept Magna Carta
in 1215.
Henry III,
1216-1272
Simon de Montfort
summoned the Great Council to meet at Westminster
in 1265, which is
seen as the earliest
parliament.
Edward I,
1272-1307
Wales came under
the English Crown in 1284.
Edward II, 1307-1327
Edward III, 1327-1377
Black Death swept through England in
1348.
2
Hundred Years’ War,
1337
-1453
Richard II, 1377-1399
The Peasant Uprising of 1381
House of
Lancaster
（兰开斯特王朝）
Henry IV, 1399-1413
Henry V, 1413-1422
Henry VI, 1422-1461
England was defeated in the
Hundred Years’ War in 1453. (Wars of Roses,
1455
-1485)
House of York
（约克王朝）
Edward IV, 1461-1483
Edward V, 1413-1483
Richard III, 1483-1485
Richard III was defeated by Henry Tudor
in the last battle of the Wars of Roses in 1485.
House of Tudor
（都铎王朝）
Henry VII, 1485-1509
The end of Wars of Roses in 1485 & the
beginning of English Renaissance
Henry VIII, 1509-1547
Henry VIII established Church of
England in 1534 and became its Supreme Head in
1535.
Mary I, 1553-1558
Calais, the last British
possession on the Continent was lost to France in
1558.
Elizabeth I,
1558-1603
The destruction
the Spanish Fleet “Armada”
House of Stuart
（斯图亚特王朝）
James I, 1603-1625
Gunpowder Plot, 1605
The Authorized Version of the Bible in
1611
Pilgrim Fathers
founded New Plymouth in America in 1620.
Charles I, 1625-1649
English Civil War,
1642-1649
The
Commonwealth
（共和制王朝）
Council of State, 1649-1653
Oliver Cromwell, 1653-1658
Cromwell became Lord
Protector of the Commonwealth of England in 1653
Richard Cromwell, 1658-1660
House of Stuart
(continued)
（斯图亚特王朝续）
Charles II, 1660-1685
Restoration in 1660
James II, 1685-1688
3