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英语数词用法总结

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2021-02-05 19:08
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2021年2月5日发(作者:races)


英语数词用法总结




一。数词的分类:





表示数目多少或顺序的词叫数词。数词分为基数词和序数词。





表示数目多少的数词叫基数词。< /p>


one



two




表示顺序次第的数词叫序数词。


the first


(第一)



the second


(第二)




二。数词的用法:






1.


作主语





Thirty of them are Party members.


他们之中的三十人是党员。





2.


作宾语





Please pass me the second.


请递给我第二个。





3.


作定语





The nine boys are from Tianjin.


这九个男孩子是天津人。





4.


作表语





Six plus four is ten.


六加四等于十。





5.


作同位语(只限基数词)





We four will go with you.


我们四个人将和你一起去。





B.


用法总结





(一)基数词的表示方法:



基数词用来表示数目,或者说表示数量的词叫基数词。最基本的基数词如下表所示。

< p>



1 one



2 two



11 eleven



100 a hundred



12 tw


elve



20 twenty



1000 a thousand



3 three



13 thirteen



30 thirty



1

< p>


000



000 a million



4 four



5 five



6 six



14 fourteen



40 forty



15 fifteen



50 fifty



16 sixteen



60 sixty



10

< p>


000



000 ten million



100



000



000 a hundred million



1



000



000



000 a billion



70 seventy



80 eighty



90 ninety



7 seven



17 seventeen



8 eight



18 eighteen



9 nine



19 nineteen



10 ten



1. 1-12


的基数词:





one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve




2. 13



19

的基数词,在个位数上加后缀


-teen


构成,并有两个重音。





thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen




3. 20



90


等十位数由


2-9


加后缀


-ty


构成。





twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety




4.


2 1-29


由十位数


20


加个位数


1-9


构成,十位和个位之间加连字符号


< /p>




,其他十位


数 以此类推。





21 twenty-one



44 forty-four



98 ninety-eight


5.


英语中没有“万”这个读数单位,要表示汉语中的“万” ,英语需借用


thousand



词,


如“一万”用“十个千”表示


(ten


thousand)



“十万”用“一百个千”表示


(one


hundred thousand)




6.



用作基数词单位的


hundred, thousand, million, billion


通常不 带复数词尾


-s



但若用于表示数百、 数千、数百万这样的泛指,则用复数。如:



About


two


thousand


people


died


in


the


earthquake.


大约有两千人在地震中丧生。




1


Thousands of people go to the seaside every


year.


每年成千上万的人到海滨去。



7.


表示整十的基数词用复数形式可以表示人的大约岁数或年代。如:



He is in his early twenties.


他才二十出头


(from )




This took place in the 1930s.


这事发生在


20< /p>


世纪


30


年代。



8.


多位数的读法







从后向前数,每三位数加一个



< p>


;第一个





号前为


thousand


( 千)


,第二个





号前为


million


(百万)?? ,然后再逐段表达。







三位数数词要在百位和十位(若无 十位则和个位)之间加


and






45


,< /p>


632



798


读作





forty-five million, six hundred and thirty-two thousand, seven hundred and


ninety-eight


(二)序数词的表示方法:



第一到第十




first



second



third



fourth



fifth



sixth



seventh



eighth



ninth



tenth



第十一到第十九




eleventh



twelfth



thirteenth



fourteenth



fifteenth



sixteenth



seventeenth



eighteenth



nineteenth



thousandth



第二十以上




twentieth



thirtieth



fortieth



fiftieth



sixti


eth



seventieth



eightieth



ninetieth



hundredth



1.


序数词


=


基数词


+th


,但以下几个特殊:





one-first,


two-second,


three-third,


five-fifth.


eight-eighth,


nine-ninth,


twelve-twelfth, twenty-


twentieth ??, a hundred


-a hundredth


2.


twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth


等表示整十的序数词,由相应的基数词将词尾


y


改为


ie


,再加

< br>-th


构成。



3.


first, second, third


通常可缩写为


1st, 2nd, 3rd

。凡是以


th


结尾的序数词可


缩写 为“基数词+th”:


4th, 5th, 9th, 11th, 60th, 128th


等。



4.




整< /p>









< p>










twenty-first(



21)



thirty-sixth (



36)



ninety-ninth(



99)



three hundred and sixty-fifth(

< br>第


365)


等。



5.



hundred,


thousand,


million










hundredth,


thousandth,


millionth


等。



6.



序数词前通常要用定冠词,


但表示考试或比赛等的名次时,


通常可省略其前的定冠


词。如:


My room is on the second floor and his on the third.


我的房间在三楼,


他的房间在四楼。


He was (the) third in the exam.


他考试得了第三名。



注:有时序数词 前不用定冠词,而用不定冠词,表示次第在原有基础上的增加。如:



We’ll have to do it a second time. 我们得再做一次



(三)倍数、分数、小数、百分数的表示方法:






1.


倍数:英语中表示倍数时通常借助


half, double, twice, three times


等之类的


词。如:


This room is three times as large as that one.


这个房间有那个房间三个


大。




2




Three threes are nine. or Three times three is nine.


三三得九。





2.


分数:



分数由基数词和序数词构成: 分子用基数词,分母用序数词,当分子超过


“1”时,分母用复数。如:


two thirds=2/3




three fifths=3/5


注:


1/2


通常读作


a


[one]


half


,一般不读作


a


second



1/4


可读作


a


[one]

< p>
fourth



也可读作


a [one] quarter





数短语作主语时,谓语的数由


of


后 面的名词来决定,


名词为可数名词复数,则谓语用复数;名词为不可数名词,谓语用单数 。





A third of the land is covered by forests.




Two thirds of the workers are working hard.




3.


小数:小数点前的数按总数念 ,同其它基数词读法一样,小数点用


point


,小数


点后面的数按基数词一个一个单独念。如


9.65


读作


nine point six five


< p>
218.39


读作


two hundred and eighteen point three nine





1.25


读作


one point two five




0.56


读作


naught point five six



zero point five six



4.



百 分数。百分数由基数词和百分号


(%)


组成,百分号

< p>
(%)


读作


per cent


。如:



thirty percent=30% 60 percent=60%


(四)表示日期



1949

< p>


1949


读作


nine teen


forty-nine


6



23



June


23


rd



读作


June


(the)


twenty-third



the


twenty-third


of


June


2006



10



October


2006


读作


October,


two


thousand


and


six


1600


< br>5



2



May


2


nd


,


2005



读作


the


second


of


May,


sixteen


hundred



(五)表示钟点



半小时用

< p>
half


,一刻钟用


a


quarter


,半小时以内用


past


,超过半小时用


to




08:00


eight


o’clock



eight


09:15


nine


fifteen



a


quarter


past/after


nine


02:30


two


thirty



half


past/after


two


05:45


five


forty- five



a


quarter


to


six


(六)表示约数



1


.



te ns/dozens/scores/hundreds/thousands/millions

< p>
of


表示



几十、几百、 上千、成千上




等。如:

< p>


The


boy


bought


dozens


of


pencils.


那个男孩买了几十支铅笔。

< br>


Thousands


of


people


died


in


the


earthquake.


数以 千计的人死于地震。



2.




less


than,


under,


below,


almost,


nearly,


up


to


等来表示小于或接近某数目 。如


ne


arly


two


hours


将近两个小时。



3.



more


than,


beyond,


or


more,


over,


above


等来表示超过或多于某个数目。如


mor


e


than


100


years


一百多年。




3


4.




or,


or


so,


about,


around,


some,


more


or


less

< p>
等表示在某一数目左右。如


about


5


0


pens


大约五十支钢笔,


a


month


or


so


大约一个月。



5.




to,


from…to…,


between…and


表示介于两数词。如:


His


salary


rose


from


100


dollars


a


month


to


120


dollars


a


month.


他的工资从每月


100


美元升到了每月


120


美元。


_



(七)算式表达法:






1.


加法





A+B=C → A plus B is C. or A and B is C.





2.


减法





A


-B=C →A minus B is C. or B from A is C.





3.


乘法





A×B=C → A times B is C. or A multiplied by B is C.





4.


除法





A÷B=C → A divided by B is C.





5.


大于





A>B → A is more than B.





6.


小于





A


→A is


less than B.




(八)常见数词的表示法及读法





1.


章节、页数的读法





第一章:


the first chapter Chapter One




第二节:


the second section Section Two




第三课:


the third lesson Lesson Three





463


页:


page four six three





2564


页:


page two five six four



twenty-five sixty- four




注意:如果页码的数字较长,通常用基数词。





2.


房间、门牌、电话号码的读法






305


房 间:


Room three o


(零)


five




长安街


76


号:


seventy-six Chang'an Street




电话号码:


204-2244



telephone


number


two


o


(零)


four


two


two



double


two



four


four



十一路公共汽车:


Bus



No.



eleven




3.


年代、日期、时刻的读法






1


)年份 是四位数字时,各分成二位来读,





eg.


公元


1995


年:


1995


< p>
=nineteen ninety-five







2


)日期使用一般的序数词来读取





eg. 5



10


日:


May 10th



=May tenth







3


)时刻 通常用基数词来读





eg.


8



45


分:


8: 45



=eight forty- five







4


)年代 表示法:





eg.


二十世纪九十年代:


1990's nineteen nineties




4. hundred, thousand, million


用法:




4




hundred,


thousand,

million


前面有具体数字,要用单数形式,但如果它们后面有


of



那它们要用复数形式,同时,前面不能再加具体 的数目。





eg.


two thousand


两千


thousands of


成千上万





hundreds of


成百上千


millions of


数以百万计





Thousands and thousands of people have visited the city.




成千上万的人参观了这座城市。





(六)需注意的问题:





1.


数词+名词用





连在一起作定语,后面名词 不用复数。





eg. a four-year-old boy




2.


有些结构既有基数词又有序数词。





eg. the first three questions




the last five minutes




3.


英语中有一些短语包含数词,不能从表面上理解它们的意义





eg. one and the only


唯一


be at one with


与? 一致





be on all fours


匍匐;趴





Two's company, three is a crowd


二人成伴,三人不欢





one and the same


同一个;完全一样


for one


举个例子说





ten to one


十之八九


a thousand to one


十之八九





talk nineteen to the dozen


滔滔不绝


by twos and threes


三三两两





in ones and twos


三三两两


first and last


总共





first of all


首先


from the first


从一开始





......


数词专项练习


(



) 50




( ) 1. Lincoln was born on ________.


A. February 12, 1809 B. 1809, February 12


C. 1809, 12 February D. February 1809,12


( ) 2. A _______ boy can sing the English song very well.


A. ten-years-old B. ten years old


C. ten-year- old D. fifth years old


( ) 3. An hour later, _____ minister was sent to see the “magic cloth”



woven by those two men.


A. two B. the second C. the two D. second


( ) 4. Abraham Lincoln was _______ President of the United States.


A. 16 B. the 16 C. 16th D. the 16th


( ) 5. Do you think there is any room for us ________?


A. two B. the two C. second D. the second


( ) 6. ---How many students are there in your class? ---________.


A. Twenty nine B. Thirty and two C. Forty-five D. fifties


( ) 7. Which number is wrong? _______.


A. Ninety B. Ninteen C. Ninth D. Nineteenth


( ) 8


. The People’s Liberation Army was founded _______.



A. on August 1, 1927 B. in 1927, 1 August


C. on August 1st, 1927 D. in August 1, 1927


( ) 9. The number 4,123 is read _______.



5


A. four thousand one hundred and twenty-three


B. four thousand and one hundred twenty-three


C. four thousand and a hundred and twenty-three


D. four thousands a hundred and twenty-three


( ) 10. The old professor still works hard though he is _________.


A.


in


his


sixty B.


in


his


sixties C.


in


sixties D.


in


the


sixty


( ) 11. This classroom is ________ ours.


A. three times big as B. as three times big as


C. three times as big as D. as big three times as


( ) 12. The basketball team of our school ranks ________ in the match.


A. three B. third C. the three D. the third


( ) 13. ---Which is the car that he drives? ---


It’s ________.



A. fifty two B. the fifty-two cars


C. the car fifty four D. the fifty- fourth car


( ) 14. Which of the following is wrong? ________.


A. He is a fifteen-year-old boy. B. He is at the age of 15.


C. He is a boy of 15. D. He is fifteen year old.


( ) 15. Our school is not very big. There are only ________ students.


A. nine hundreds of B. nine hundred


C. nine hundreds D. nine hundred of


( ) 16. ---How many new words are there in ________ lesson?


---There are only _________.


A. five; fifth B. fifth; five


C. the fifth; the five D. the fifth; five


( ) 17. ________, Coca-


Cola began to enter China’s market.




A. In 1970’s


B. In 1970s


C. In the 1970s’


D. In the 1970s


( ) 18. There was no bus in that small town. We had a ________.


A. ten miles walk B. ten-mile walk


C. ten


mile’s walk


D. tenth mile walk


( ) 19. Today is the first day and ________.


A. Tuesday is fourth B. Thursday is the fourth


C. second is Tuesday D. a second is Thursday


( ) 20. ---Which room do you live in? ---________.


A. The 201 Room B. Room 201


C. Room 201st


D. The 201’s Room



( ) 21. ---How many magazines do you have? ---I have ________.


A. two B. both C. twice D. the second


( ) 22. Three hundred thousand one hundred and seventy means _______.


A. 3,170 B. 3,117 C. 300,170 D. 30,170


( ) 23. On May ________, ________ people traveled round the country.


A. the first, millions B. the first, millions of


C. first, the millionth D. first, millions


( ) 24. ________ of them are dining at school.


A. Twelve B. Twelfth C. The twelve D. The 12th



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