-
英语数词用法总结
一。数词的分类:
表示数目多少或顺序的词叫数词。数词分为基数词和序数词。
表示数目多少的数词叫基数词。<
/p>
one
,
two
表示顺序次第的数词叫序数词。
the
first
(第一)
、
the
second
(第二)
二。数词的用法:
1.
作主语
Thirty of them are Party members.
他们之中的三十人是党员。
2.
作宾语
Please pass me the second.
请递给我第二个。
3.
作定语
The nine boys are from Tianjin.
这九个男孩子是天津人。
4.
作表语
Six plus four is ten.
六加四等于十。
5.
作同位语(只限基数词)
We four will go with you.
我们四个人将和你一起去。
B.
用法总结
(一)基数词的表示方法:
基数词用来表示数目,或者说表示数量的词叫基数词。最基本的基数词如下表所示。
1 one
2 two
11 eleven
100 a hundred
12 tw
elve
20 twenty
1000 a
thousand
3 three
13 thirteen
30 thirty
1
,
000
,
000 a
million
4 four
5 five
6 six
14 fourteen
40 forty
15
fifteen
50 fifty
16 sixteen
60 sixty
10
,
000
,
000
ten million
100
,
000
,
000 a hundred
million
1
,
000
,
000
,
000 a billion
70
seventy
80 eighty
90 ninety
7 seven
17
seventeen
8 eight
18 eighteen
9 nine
19
nineteen
10 ten
1. 1-12
的基数词:
one, two,
three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten,
eleven, twelve
2. 13
~
19
的基数词,在个位数上加后缀
-teen
构成,并有两个重音。
thirteen, fourteen,
fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen
3. 20
~
90
等十位数由
2-9
加后缀
-ty
构成。
twenty, thirty,
forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety
4.
2
1-29
由十位数
20
加个位数
1-9
构成,十位和个位之间加连字符号
<
/p>
-
,其他十位
数
以此类推。
21 twenty-one
、
44
forty-four
、
98 ninety-eight
5.
英语中没有“万”这个读数单位,要表示汉语中的“万”
,英语需借用
thousand
一
词,
如“一万”用“十个千”表示
(ten
thousand)
,
“十万”用“一百个千”表示
(one
hundred
thousand)
。
6.
用作基数词单位的
hundred, thousand, million, billion
通常不
带复数词尾
-s
,
但若用于表示数百、
数千、数百万这样的泛指,则用复数。如:
About
two
thousand
people
died
in
the
earthquake.
大约有两千人在地震中丧生。
1
Thousands of people go to
the seaside every
year.
每年成千上万的人到海滨去。
7.
表示整十的基数词用复数形式可以表示人的大约岁数或年代。如:
He is in his early twenties.
他才二十出头
(from
)
。
This took
place in the 1930s.
这事发生在
20<
/p>
世纪
30
年代。
8.
多位数的读法
①
p>
从后向前数,每三位数加一个
,
;第一个
,
号前为
thousand
(
千)
,第二个
,
号前为
million
(百万)??
,然后再逐段表达。
②
三位数数词要在百位和十位(若无
十位则和个位)之间加
and
。
45
,<
/p>
632
,
798
读作
forty-five million, six hundred and
thirty-two thousand, seven hundred and
ninety-eight
(二)序数词的表示方法:
第一到第十
first
second
third
fourth
fifth
sixth
seventh
eighth
ninth
tenth
第十一到第十九
eleventh
twelfth
thirteenth
fourteenth
fifteenth
sixteenth
seventeenth
eighteenth
nineteenth
thousandth
第二十以上
twentieth
thirtieth
fortieth
fiftieth
sixti
eth
seventieth
eightieth
ninetieth
hundredth
1.
序数词
=
基数词
+th
,但以下几个特殊:
one-first,
two-second,
three-third,
five-fifth.
eight-eighth,
nine-ninth,
twelve-twelfth,
twenty-
twentieth ??, a
hundred
-a hundredth
2.
twentieth, thirtieth,
fortieth
等表示整十的序数词,由相应的基数词将词尾
y
改为
ie
,再加
< br>-th
构成。
3.
first, second, third
通常可缩写为
1st, 2nd, 3rd
。凡是以
th
结尾的序数词可
缩写
为“基数词+th”:
4th, 5th, 9th, 11th, 60th,
128th
等。
4.
非
整<
/p>
十
的
多
位
数
,
将
个
位
数
变
成
序
数
词
即
可
:
twenty-first(
第
21)
,
thirty-sixth
(
第
36)
,
ninety-ninth(
第
99)
,
three hundred and sixty-fifth(
< br>第
365)
等。
5.
hundred,
thousand,
million
等
序
数
词
形
式
为
hundredth,
thousandth,
millionth
等。
6.
序数词前通常要用定冠词,
p>
但表示考试或比赛等的名次时,
通常可省略其前的定冠
词。如:
My room is on the second floor
and his on the third.
我的房间在三楼,
他的房间在四楼。
He was (the) third in the exam.
他考试得了第三名。
注:有时序数词
前不用定冠词,而用不定冠词,表示次第在原有基础上的增加。如:
We’ll have to do it a second time.
我们得再做一次
(三)倍数、分数、小数、百分数的表示方法:
1.
倍数:英语中表示倍数时通常借助
half, double,
twice, three
times
等之类的
词。如:
This
room is three times as large as that one.
这个房间有那个房间三个
大。
2
Three threes are nine. or Three times
three is nine.
三三得九。
2.
分数:
分数由基数词和序数词构成:
分子用基数词,分母用序数词,当分子超过
“1”时,分母用复数。如:
two thirds=2/3
three fifths=3/5
注:
1/2
通常读作
a
[one]
half
,一般不读作
a
second
;
1/4
可读作
a
[one]
fourth
,
也可读作
a [one] quarter
。
数短语作主语时,谓语的数由
of
后
面的名词来决定,
名词为可数名词复数,则谓语用复数;名词为不可数名词,谓语用单数
。
A
third of the land is covered by forests.
Two thirds of
the workers are working hard.
3.
小数:小数点前的数按总数念
,同其它基数词读法一样,小数点用
point
,小数
点后面的数按基数词一个一个单独念。如
9.65
读作
nine point six five
。
218.39
读作
two hundred
and eighteen point three
nine
。
1.25
读作
one point
two five
0.56
读作
naught point five
six
或
zero point five six
4.
百
分数。百分数由基数词和百分号
(%)
组成,百分号
(%)
读作
per
cent
。如:
thirty
percent=30% 60 percent=60%
(四)表示日期
1949
年
1949
读作
nine
teen
forty-nine
6
月
23
日
June
23
rd
读作
June
(the)
twenty-third
或
the
twenty-third
of
June
2006
年
10
月
October
2006
读作
October,
two
thousand
and
six
1600
年
< br>5
月
2
日
May
2
nd
,
2005
读作
the
second
of
May,
sixteen
hundred
(五)表示钟点
半小时用
half
,一刻钟用
a
quarter
,半小时以内用
past
,超过半小时用
to
。
08:00
eight
o’clock
或
eight
09:15
nine
fifteen
或
a
quarter
past/after
nine
02:30
two
thirty
或
half
past/after
two
05:45
five
forty-
five
或
a
quarter
to
six
(六)表示约数
1
.
用
te
ns/dozens/scores/hundreds/thousands/millions
of
表示
“
几十、几百、
上千、成千上
万
”
等。如:
The
boy
bought
dozens
of
pencils.
那个男孩买了几十支铅笔。
< br>
Thousands
of
people
died
in
the
earthquake.
数以
千计的人死于地震。
2.
用
less
than,
under,
below,
almost,
nearly,
up
to
等来表示小于或接近某数目
。如
ne
arly
two
hours
将近两个小时。
3.
用
more
than,
beyond,
or
more,
over,
above
等来表示超过或多于某个数目。如
mor
e
than
100
years
一百多年。
3
4.
用
or,
or
so,
about,
around,
some,
more
or
less
等表示在某一数目左右。如
about
5
0
pens
大约五十支钢笔,
a
month
or
so
大约一个月。
5.
用
to,
from…to…,
p>
between…and
表示介于两数词。如:
His
salary
rose
from
100
dollars
a
month
to
120
dollars
a
month.
他的工资从每月
p>
100
美元升到了每月
120
美元。
_
(七)算式表达法:
1.
加法
A+B=C → A plus B is C. or A and B is C.
2.
减法
A
-B=C →A minus B is C. or B
from A is C.
3.
乘法
A×B=C → A times
B is C. or A multiplied by B is C.
4.
除法
A÷B=C → A divided by B is C.
5.
大于
A>B → A is more than B.
6.
小于
A
→A is
less
than B.
(八)常见数词的表示法及读法
1.
章节、页数的读法
第一章:
the first
chapter Chapter One
第二节:
the second section
Section Two
第三课:
the third lesson
Lesson Three
第
463
页:
page four
six three
第
2564
页:
page two five
six four
或
twenty-five sixty-
four
注意:如果页码的数字较长,通常用基数词。
2.
房间、门牌、电话号码的读法
第
305
房
间:
Room three
o
(零)
five
长安街
76
号:
seventy-six Chang'an Street
电话号码:
204-2244
:
telephone
number
two
o
(零)
four
two
two
(
double
two
)
four
four
十一路公共汽车:
Bus
(
No.
)
eleven
3.
年代、日期、时刻的读法
(
1
)年份
是四位数字时,各分成二位来读,
eg.
公元
1995
年:
1995
(
=nineteen ninety-five
)
(
2
p>
)日期使用一般的序数词来读取
eg. 5
月
10
日:
May
10th
(
=May
tenth
)
(
3
)时刻
通常用基数词来读
eg.
8
点
45
分:
8:
45
(
=eight forty-
five
)
(
4
)年代
表示法:
eg.
二十世纪九十年代:
1990's nineteen
nineties
4.
hundred, thousand,
million
用法:
4
hundred,
thousand,
million
前面有具体数字,要用单数形式,但如果它们后面有
of
,
那它们要用复数形式,同时,前面不能再加具体
的数目。
eg.
two thousand
两千
thousands of
成千上万
hundreds of
成百上千
millions of
数以百万计
Thousands and thousands of
people have visited the city.
成千上万的人参观了这座城市。
(六)需注意的问题:
1.
数词+名词用
-
连在一起作定语,后面名词
不用复数。
eg. a four-year-old boy
2.
有些结构既有基数词又有序数词。
eg. the first three
questions
the
last five minutes
3.
英语中有一些短语包含数词,不能从表面上理解它们的意义
eg. one and the
only
唯一
be at one with
与? 一致
be on all fours
匍匐;趴
Two's company, three is a
crowd
二人成伴,三人不欢
one and the same
同一个;完全一样
for one
举个例子说
ten to one
十之八九
a thousand to one
十之八九
talk nineteen to the dozen
滔滔不绝
by twos and threes
三三两两
in ones and twos
三三两两
first and last
总共
first of all
首先
from the first
从一开始
......
数词专项练习
(
一
)
50
题
( ) 1.
Lincoln was born on ________.
A.
February 12, 1809 B. 1809, February 12
C. 1809, 12 February
D. February 1809,12
( ) 2. A _______
boy can sing the English song very well.
A. ten-years-old
B. ten years old
C. ten-year-
old D. fifth years old
( ) 3. An hour later, _____ minister
was sent to see the “magic cloth”
woven by those two men.
A. two B. the second C.
the two D. second
( ) 4. Abraham
Lincoln was _______ President of the United
States.
A. 16 B. the 16
C. 16th D. the 16th
( ) 5. Do you
think there is any room for us ________?
A. two B. the two C.
second D. the second
( ) 6.
---How many students are there in your class?
---________.
A. Twenty nine
B. Thirty and two C. Forty-five D. fifties
( ) 7. Which number is wrong?
_______.
A. Ninety B.
Ninteen C. Ninth D. Nineteenth
( ) 8
. The People’s
Liberation Army was founded _______.
A. on August 1, 1927
B. in 1927, 1 August
C. on
August 1st, 1927 D. in August 1, 1927
( ) 9. The number 4,123 is read
_______.
5
A. four thousand one hundred and twenty-three
B. four thousand and one hundred
twenty-three
C. four thousand
and a hundred and twenty-three
D. four thousands a hundred and twenty-three
( ) 10. The old professor still works
hard though he is _________.
A.
in
his
sixty
B.
in
his
sixties
C.
in
sixties D.
in
the
sixty
( ) 11. This classroom is ________
ours.
A. three times big as
B. as three times big as
C.
three times as big as D. as big three
times as
( ) 12. The basketball team
of our school ranks ________ in the match.
A. three B. third C.
the three D. the third
( ) 13.
---Which is the car that he drives?
---
It’s ________.
A. fifty two
B. the fifty-two cars
C.
the car fifty four D. the fifty-
fourth car
( ) 14. Which of the
following is wrong? ________.
A. He is a fifteen-year-old boy. B. He is at
the age of 15.
C. He is a boy
of 15. D. He is fifteen year old.
( ) 15. Our school is not very big.
There are only ________ students.
A. nine hundreds of B. nine hundred
C. nine hundreds
D. nine hundred of
( ) 16. ---How
many new words are there in ________ lesson?
---There are only _________.
A. five; fifth
B. fifth; five
C. the
fifth; the five D. the fifth; five
( ) 17. ________,
Coca-
Cola began to enter China’s
market.
A. In 1970’s
B. In 1970s
C. In the 1970s’
D. In
the 1970s
( ) 18. There was no bus in
that small town. We had a ________.
A. ten miles walk B. ten-mile walk
C. ten
mile’s walk
D. tenth mile walk
( ) 19. Today is the first day and
________.
A. Tuesday is fourth
B. Thursday is the fourth
C.
second is Tuesday D. a second is
Thursday
( ) 20. ---Which room do you
live in? ---________.
A. The
201 Room B. Room 201
C. Room 201st
D. The
201’s Room
( ) 21. ---How
many magazines do you have? ---I have ________.
A. two B. both C. twice
D. the second
( ) 22. Three hundred
thousand one hundred and seventy means _______.
A. 3,170 B. 3,117 C.
300,170 D. 30,170
( ) 23. On May
________, ________ people traveled round the
country.
A. the first, millions
B. the first, millions of
C.
first, the millionth D. first, millions
( ) 24. ________ of them are dining
at school.
A. Twelve B.
Twelfth C. The twelve D. The 12th
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