-
§
L
e
s
s
o
n
< br>
3
A
n
u
n
k
n
o
w
n
g
o
d
d
e
< br>s
s
无
名
女
神
【
New words and
expressions
】
生词和短语
★
goddess n.
女神
绝世佳人
,
非常善良的女子
Venus was
a goddess worshiped by the
Romans.
维纳斯是罗马人所崇拜的女神。
a representation of a
goddess
女神的塑像
a
shrine dedicated to the sea
goddess
供奉海洋女神的神庙
According to ancient legend, the river
is a goddess.
据古代传说，这条河是位女神。
被崇拜的女人，极受崇敬（或敬慕）的女人
She
dreamed
of
becoming
a
Hollywood
screen
goddess.
她梦想成为好莱坞的银幕女神
Marilyn
Monroe
。
g
od
n.
神
上帝
,
天主
Apollo was the
Greek god of the arts, prophecy, medicine and
light.
阿波罗是希腊神话中主管艺术、预言、医药和光明之神。
Some people believe in God; some
don't.
有人信仰上帝
,
有的人不信。
极受崇敬的人
;
过分注意的事物
The school captain was a god to the
younger
boys.
校队队长被低年级的男孩子奉若神明。
He makes a god of his work, and forgets
his family.
他把工作看得极为神圣
,
以致忘了自己的家庭。
★
archaeologist n.
考古学家
archaeology
n.
考古学
archaeological
adj.
考古学的
,
考古学上的
★
Aegean adj.
爱琴海的
(Mediterranean
Sea
地中海
)
peninsula
n.
半岛
The Arab live
on the Arabian
Peninsula.
阿拉伯人居住在阿拉伯半岛上。
archipelago
n.
群岛
,
列岛
多岛屿的海
the Aegean sea
爱琴海
Aegean
lslands
爱琴群岛
Baltic
adj.
波罗的海的
;
波罗的海各国的
the
Baltic Sea
波罗的海
[
欧
洲
]
Balkan adj.
巴尔干半岛的
Adriatic
adj.
亚得里亚海的
★
explore v.
考察，勘探
The
archaeologists are exploring the cave.
explore ways and means of solving the
question
寻求解决问题的方式方法
explore latent possibilities
挖掘潜力
explore archives
查档案
explore social and economic conditions
考察社会和经济状况
explore
for oil
勘探石油
an
exploring team
考察队，勘探队
exploration
n.
explorer
n.
探险家：勘探者；考察者：
an
Arctic explorer
到北极探险考察的人
★
promontory
n.
岬
,
隆
起
,
海角
=cape
n.
1.
披肩；披风；短斗篷
She
was wearing a cape over
her dress.
她在外套上披着一件披肩。
2.
海角
,
岬
I long
for a trip to the Cape of Good Hope.
我
渴望到好望角去旅行。
tadpole
n.
蝌蚪
the ends of the earth
天涯海角
★
prosperous
adj.
（经济上）繁荣的，昌盛的；成功的
a prosperous country, businessman,
industry
繁荣昌盛
(thriving
and
prosperous)
的国
家、事业
成功的实业家、兴旺发达的工业
a prosperous-looking businessman
看来事业有成的商人
prosperity
n.
成功；富足；幸运；顺利
He wished the young couple a life of
happiness and prosperity.
他祝这对年轻人生活幸福、万事如意。
thriving
昌盛的，兴旺的
a
thriving business / enterprise
蓬勃发展的商业
/
工业
He that will
thrive must rise at five. [
谚
]
五更起床
,
百事兴旺。
booming
蓬勃的，景气的
a booming
market
繁荣的市场
booming
waves
波涛澎湃
boomtown n.
新兴都市
flourishing
繁茂的
,<
/p>
健康的
,
欣欣向荣的
★
civilization, civilization
n.
（
尤指高级的）文明
;
开化
high level of
civilization
高度文明
civilize
v.
civilized
a.
文明的
,
非野蛮的
A
civilized leader must eschew
violence.
文明领导人必须避免使用暴力。
vt.
（文）
(
尤指为道德或实际理由而
)
习惯性避开
,
回避
(
某种行为、食物等
);
避开（危害、恶事等）
eschew political discussion
回避政治讨论
Let’s
discuss this like civilized
people.
让我们像文明人一样心平气和地讨论。
China is a highly civilized
country.
中国是一个高度文明的国家。
有礼貌的
,
有教养的
,
文雅的：
civilized society, behavio
r
(
u
)
r
文明社会，文明行为
Haas
was quite pleasant, very
civilized.
哈斯很招人喜欢，很有礼貌。
They’re brutal people behind their
civilized
veneer.
他们表面上温文有礼，骨
子里却是野蛮残忍。
n.
饰面薄板
,
薄片镶饰
(
尤用于家具上
)
<
正
>
虚假的外表
;
虚
饰
For the first
time her veneer of politeness began to
crack.
她温文尔雅的外表第一次露出破绽。
He managed to acquire a thin veneer of
knowledge to mask his real ignorance.
他设法装出有点知识的外表，用来掩饰自己的无知。
His veneer of politeness concealed a
ruthless determination.
他彬彬有礼的伪装下隐藏着不择手段
的狠心。
a thin veneer of
Western civilization
西方文明之金玉其外
★
storey n.
楼层
=
（美）
story
★
drainage n.
排水
,
放水
Bad drainage caused the land to be
flooded.
排水不利容易使土地淹水。
排水系统
,
下水道
The defect in
the drainage must be
remedied.
这排水系统的缺陷该设法补救。
废水
,
污水
,
污物
This is a drainage
area.
这里是排水区。
drain ditch
排水沟
drain pipe =exhaust water pipe
排水管
★
worship n.
崇拜；热爱；爱慕（尤指达到看不到缺点的地步）
vt.
.
崇拜
;
尊崇
A miser
worships money.
守财奴崇拜金钱。
vi.
做礼拜
Don't talk while you are
worshipping.
你们做礼拜时别讲话。
worshipper n.
礼拜
[
崇拜
,
爱慕
]
者
respect vt.
尊敬
,
尊重
/ admire
v.
赞美
,
钦佩
,
羡慕
Who do you worship in
th
e
world
warship
n.
军舰；战船
★
sacred
adj.
宗教的，神圣的
A
church is a sacred
building.
教堂是神圣的建筑物。
sacred music
圣乐
sacred promise
神圣的诺言
受崇敬的
;
不可冒犯的
In Africa
the snake is still sacred with many
tribes.
非洲许多部落仍认为蛇是不可冒犯的。
holy
adj.
神圣的，圣洁的
He lived a holy
life.
他过着圣洁的生活。
Holy
Bible
虔诚的
He is a
holy Buddhist.
他是一个虔诚的佛教徒
solemn
adj.
严肃的
He looked very solemn as he announced
the news.
在宣布这一消息时
,
他显得非常严肃。
庄重的
,
郑重的
The Premier's
burial/funeral was a solemn occasion
/ceremony.
总理的葬礼是个庄严的场面。
庄严的
;
隆重的
The
new
Embassador
was
received
with
solemn
ceremonies.
新大使受到了隆重的礼遇
(honor;
courtesy, courteous
reception).
★
fragment
n.
碎片
;
片断
a
shell fragment
弹片
They have found several fragments of a
Roman vase in the area.
在这一地区他们发现了一只罗马瓷瓶的碎片。
lie in
fragments
已成破片
reduce to
fragments
弄碎
fragmentary
adj.
碎片的
;
片断的
;
< br>不完整的
;
支离破碎的
fragmentary
evidence
不完全的证据
fragmentary
experience
局部经验
★
remains
n.
遗物，遗迹，废墟（
=ruin
s
）
remains of a
meal
残羹剩饭
the
remains of a fortune
遗产
the remains of an army
残兵败将
;
残部
remains of
Tang Dynasty
唐代遗物
His mortal remains are buried in the
churchyard.
他的尸体埋葬在教堂的墓地里。
fossil remains of prehistoric animals
史前动物的残遗化石
遗体
,
遗骸
pay last respects to sb.’s remains
向某人的遗体告别
The
martyr’s remains are buried at the foot of the
hill.
烈士的遗体葬在山脚下。
ruin
vt.
破坏
,
毁掉
The storm ruined our
wheat.
暴风雨毁坏了我们的小麦。
使破产
,
使沦落
I was ruined
by that law case, I'm a ruined
man.
我被那场官司搞垮了
,
现在已经倾家荡产。
n.
毁坏
,
毁灭
,
灭亡
This news meant the ruin of
all our
hopes.
这消息使我们的一切希望都破灭了。
破产（或丢掉工作等）的根源；祸根
This flood will be the ruin of the
harvest.
这场洪水将是没有收成的祸根。
破败、坍塌或毁坏的状态
The church has fallen into
ruin.
那教堂已破败不堪。
废墟
;
遗迹
The abbey is now a
ruin.
那座修道院现已成废墟。
Many ruins of Roman date are to be seen
in the south of France.
许多古罗马时期的遗迹可以在法国南部看到。
★
classical
adj.
（希腊罗马）古文化的
古典的
,
经典的
I'm
interested in classical
architecture.
我喜爱古典建筑风格。
classical music
古典音乐
classical education
人文科学教育
classic
adj.
第一流的
This is
a classic example of love at the first sight.
classic
n.
杰作，经典之作（
=masterpiece
）<
/p>
★
re
-
construct
vt.
重建
They’ve decided to reconstruct this
building.
他们决定重建这栋大楼。
We had no computer backup and had to
rely on old paper files to reconstruct the
records.
我们没有计算机备份
,
只得靠落后的纸档案重做记录。
重现
,
重整
The police managed to
piece together
the
jigsaw
and
reconstruct the victim’s last hours.
警方成功地将线索拼在一起，重现了受害人生前最后几个小时的情况。
Every aspect of the original has been
closely studied and painstakingly reconstructed.
原作的每一细节都经过了仔细研究，费尽苦心才得以重现。
It is not possible to reconstruct the
complete symphony from these manuscript sketches.
想要通过这些手写草稿恢复这一交响乐的全貌是不可能的。
Local
historians
have
reconstructed
from
contemporary
descriptions
how
the
hall
may
have
looked in
1300.
根据同时期的描述，当地历史学家再现了
1300
年时这座礼堂的可能面貌。
erect vt.
盖
,
使竖立
,
使直立（
build high
buildings
）
-- erect a monument
建造纪念碑
/ erect a
clock tower
建造钟楼
setup /establish /found
建立
--
setup students‘ union
学生会
（
union
n.
联盟
,
协会）
-- establish a school / establish a
rule
设立一条规则
-- found a country
建立一个国家
construction
n.
constructive
adj.
有教育意义的
constructive
suggestions
建设性的建议，
积极的建议
constructive
comments
积极的评论
constructor
n.
建设者
★
rest v.
倚放，放置；搁在；（视线等）停留在：
His hand rested on the table.
他的手放在桌子上。
His
eyes rested on me.
他的目光落在我身上。
Clouds
resting upon the mountain
top
笼罩在山顶的云
补充：
vi.
取决于；归于
: It rests
with
(=It
is
up
to)
you to decide.
(
或
The decision rests with
you.)
要由你来作决定。
<
/p>
vt.
（后接表语）依然是；保持：
Th
e affairs rest a riddle.
这件事仍是个谜。
not rest
content (
或
satisfied)
with
a smattering of knowledge
不满足于一知半解
You can rest assured that
th
ey
will come.
你放心好了，他们回来的。
★
hip n.
屁股，臀部（
=bottom
n.
（口）屁股
/ butt
美俚）
a hip pocket
（裤子的）臀部口袋
vital <
/p>
statistics
三
围
；
人
口
统
< br>计
/
body
measur
ement
三
围
(bust
/
waist
/
hips
或
hip,
hip
circumference)
[
口
]
在服
用兴奋剂，宗教信仰方面赶时髦的人；消息灵通人士；
adj.
（美俚）通晓的，见闻广的
Eg:
Hary is a real hip.
玛丽真是赶时髦
The guy isn’t a
hip.
这家伙什么都不懂
be
hip to current happenings
非常熟悉目前放生的事件
joined at the hip
表示交情极厚的
Eg: These
two are joined at the hip.
shoot from
the hip
信口开河；鲁莽地行事（或讲话）
Eg: Sorry, I said that I shouldn’t have
shot from the hip.
★
full-length adj.
（裙衣）拖地长的；未缩短的；未删节的；全长的；全身的：
a full-length
portrait
全身像
a
full-length novel
足本小说
a full-length
dress/skirt
全长裙（长及踝的）
大型的
: a full-length colored
documentary
大型彩色纪录片
full-grown
adj.
生长完全的
,
发育完全的
full-time a.
专职的
,
全部时间的
★
graceful adj.
优雅的，优美的
,
文雅的
a graceful
lady
a graceful dancer
绰约多姿的跳舞者
a
graceful leap
优美的跳跃
the graceful curves of the
new bridge
新桥的美丽曲线
The tall graceful form of a woman
appeared at the top of the stairs.
一个体形修长优美的女人出现在楼梯顶上。
elegant
(behavier)
得体的
,
礼貌而周到的
His
refusal was worded in such a graceful way that we
could not be offended.
他婉言谢绝
,
无损于我们的颜面。
★
identity n.
身份
( ID card=
Identification / Identity Card
身份证
)
He had to
conceal his identity to escape the
police.
为了躲避警方
,
他只好隐瞒身份。
establish
(
或
prove) sb.’s identity
证明某人的身份
an
identity certificate
身份证明书
because of mistaken
identity
由于被错认了人
个性
,
特性
The planners decided to preserve their
distinct
identities.
设计者们决定保留他们各自的特色。
同一性
,
一致性
Please note
the identities in the two
cases.
请注意这两个案子的相同之处。
identity of thinking and
being
思维与存在的一致性
identical adj.
同一的
She wore the identical
dress on both occasions.
她在两种场合穿的是同一件衣服。
【课文讲解】
some time
1>
经过若干时间
2>
在未来的某时
sometime
adv.
在某一时候
,
曾经
,
有一天
sometimes
adv.
不时
,
有时
中文习惯用主动语态。
英文习惯用被
动语态。以事件、结果、影响、效果为主语，强调对客观事实的陈述。
an interesting discovery
：强调<
/p>
discovery
，
体现发现这个动作被考古学家做出
主动语态难以突出重点
archaeologists made an interesting
discovery
An American team explored a
temple which…
which
引导定语从句，修饰限定
temple
。（
which = that
）
stand(
不及物
)
=
lie(
不及物
)
位于
=
situate(
及物
)
使位于
,
使处于
=
locate(
及物
)
使
...
坐落于
,
which stands in... = which
lies in… = which is located in… = which is
situated in...
Stand 1 >
身高
2>
表示高高坐落于
,
矗立于
-- She stands 1.75m.
她身高
1.75
米
-- A great tree
stands on the mount.
一棵大树竖立在山上。
The
city at one time must have been
prosperous
，
for
it…
for
引导原因状语从句，对
主句的附加说明
Eg: The day broke for the birds
were singing.
because
引导原因状语从
句，重点突出原因
I did it because he
told me to.
Just because I
don’t complain, people think I’m satisfied.
1. because
是连词，其后接句子；
because of
是复合介词，其后接名词、代词、动名词、
what
从
句等。如：
I didn’t buy it because it
was too expensive.
我没有买是因为它太贵了。
He
is here because of you (that).
他为你
(
那事
)
而来这里。
He lost his job because of
his age.
由于年龄关系他失去了工作。
We said nothing about it, because of
his wife’s being there.
因为他妻子在那儿，我们对此只字
未
提。
He knew she
was crying because of what he had said.
他知道她哭是因为他说的话。
注：
because of
之后可接
what
从句，
但不能接
that
从句或没有引导词的句子。
如：
他因病未来。
误：
He didn’t come because of
h
e was ill.
误：
He
didn’t come because of that he was ill.
正：
He didn’t come because he
was ill.
正：
He
didn’t come because of his illness.
比较以下同义句：
他离开了这家公司，是因为老板在会上讲的话。
正：
He left the company
because of what the boss said at the meeting.
正：
He left the company
because of the thing that the boss said at the
meeting.
我不能因为有个家就停止斗争。
正：
I can’t stop fighting
because I have a family.
正：
I can’t stop fighting
because of having a family.
2. because
所引导的从句除用作原因状语外，还可用作表语。如：
It is because he loves you.
那是因为他爱你。
而复合介词
because of
所引导的介词短语通常用作状语而不用作表语。如：
他因雨缺席。
误：
His absence was because of
the rain.
正：
His absence was
due to the rain.
正：
He was
absent because of the rain.
但是有时若主语是代词<
/p>
(
不是名词
)
，
也可以用
because of
引出的短语作表语。如：
It is
just because of money.
那只是因为钱的原因。
because
和
because
of
的区别和用法
That
was
because
of
his
sickness.
那是因为他生病的原因。
thanks to:
由于
,
多亏
;
幸亏
prep.
由于
,
归功于
例句与用法
:
1. Thanks to your timely intervention.
多亏你及时调停。
2. Thanks to his effort, it
is more successful than we have expected.
由于他的努力，获得了比我们预期的更大的成功。
3. Thanks to
the bad weather, the match had been cancelled.
多亏这个倒霉天气，挺好的比赛取
消了。
4. I am feeling
better now, no thanks to you.
我现在觉得好多了，这并非由于你的原因。
5. It's no
thanks to you (that) we arrived on time your short
cuts weren't short cuts at all!
我们及时赶到可并没叨你的光
--
你说的近路一点儿
也不近
!
6. She gave the customary speech of
thanks to the chairman.
她照例向主席致感谢辞
.
7. Thanks to agile footwork
he always managed to escape his pursuers.
他善於随机应变
,
总能摆脱追踪他的人
.
8. The speaker closed (the
meeting) with a word of thanks to the chairman.
演讲者向主席道了谢
,
（会议）就结束了
.
due to:
因为
,
由于
预定
,
预期
例句与用法
:
1. Due to circumstances beyond our
control the lecture was cancelled.
由于无法控制的情况讲座取消了。
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