-
1972
国际海上避碰规则
中英文对照版
1
Regulations for Preventing
Collisions at Sea. 1972
PART A
──
GENERAL
Rule 1
Application
(a) These Rules shall to all vessels
upon the high seas and in all waters connected
there with navigable by sea going
vessels.
(b) Nothing in these Rules
shall interfere with the operation of special
rules made
by an appropriate authority
for
roadsteads, harbours,
rivers, lakes or inland
waterways connected
with
the high seas and
navigable
by sea- going vessels.
Such special
rules shall conform as closely as possible to
these Rules.
(c) Nothing
in
these Rules shall interfere
with
the operation of any special
rules
made
by
the
Government
of
any
State
with
respect
to
additional
station
or
signal lights, shapes or
whistle signals for ships of war and vessels
proceeding
under
convoy,
or
with
respect
to
additional
station
or
shapes
for
fishing
vessels engaged in
fishing
as a fleet. These additional station or signal
lights,
shapes or whistle signals
shall, so far as possible, be such that they
cannot be
mistaken
for
any
light,
shape
or
signal
authorized
elsewhere
under
these
Rules.
(d)
Traffic
separation
schemes
may
be
adopted
by
the
Organization
for
the
purpose of these Rules.
(e) Whenever the Government
concerned shall
have
determined that a vessel of
special
construction
or
purpose
cannot
comply
fully
with
the
provisions
of
any
of
these
Rules
with
respect
to
the
number
,
position,
range
or
arc
of
visibility of lights or
shapes, as well as to the disposition and
characteristics of
sound-signaling
appliances,
such
vessel
shall
comply
with
such
other
provisions in regard
to the number
, position, range or arc
of visibility of lights
or
shapes,
as
well
as
to
the
disposition
and
characteristics
of
sound-
signaling
appliances,
as
her
Government
shall
have
determined
to
be
the closest
possible compliance with these Rules in
respect of that vessel.
第一条
适用范围
1.
本规则适用于公海和连接于公海而可供海船航行的一切水域中的一切船舶
.
2.
本规则不妨碍有关主管机关为连
接于公海而可供海船航行的任何港外锚地、
港
口、江河、湖泊或内陆水道所制订的特殊规定的实施。这种特
殊规定
,
应尽可
能
符合本规则。
3.
本规则不妨碍各国政府为军舰及护航下的船舶所制订的关于额外的队形灯
、
信
号灯、号型或笛号，或者为结对从事捕鱼的渔船所制定的关
于额外的队形灯、
信号灯、号型或笛号
,
应尽可能不致被误认为本规则其他条文所规定的任何号
灯、号型或信号。
4.
为实施本规则，本组织可以采纳分道通航制
。
5.
凡经有关政府确定，
某种特殊构造或用途的船舶，
如不能完全遵守本规则任何
一条关于号灯或号型的数量、
位置、
能见距离或弧度以
及声号设备的配置和特
性的规定时，则应遵守其政府在号灯或号型的数量、位置、能见距
离或弧度以
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1972
国际海上避碰规则
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及声号设备的配置和特性方面为之另行确定的尽可能符合本
规则要求的规定。
Rule 2
Responsibility
(a)
Nothing
in
these
Rules
shall
exonerate
any
vessel,
or
the
owner
,
master
or
crew
thereof,
from
the
consequences
of
any
neglect
to
comply
with
these
Rules
or
of
the
neglect
of
any
precaution
which
may
be
required
by
the
ordinary practice of seamen, or by the
special circumstances of the case.
(b)
In construing and complying
with
these Rules due regard shall
be had to all
dangers
of
navigation
and
collision
and
to
any
special
circumstances,
including the
limitations of the vessels involved, which may
make a departure
from these Rules
necessary to avoid immediate danger
.
第二条
责任
1.
本规则并不免除任何船舶或其所有人、船长或船员由于遵守
本规则的任何疏
忽，或者海员通常做法要求的或当时特殊情况要求的任何戒备上的疏忽而
产生
的各种后果的责任。
2.
在解释和遵守本规则时，
应考虑到一切航行和碰撞的危险以及包括当事
船舶条
件限制在内的任何特殊情况，这些危险和特殊情况可能使船舶在必要时为避免
紧迫危险而背离本规则。
Rule 3
General Definitions
For the
purpose of these Rules, except where the context
otherwise requires:
(a) The word
water craft,
including
non-
displacement
craft and seaplanes, used or capable of being
used as a means of
transportation on water
.
(b)
The
term
driven
vessel
means
any
vessel
under
sail
provided
that
propelling machinery, if fitted, is not
being used.
(d) The term
trawls or other fishing apparatus
which
restrict
maneuverability,
but
does not
include a vessel
fishing
with trolling
lines
or other fishing apparatus
which
do
not restrict
maneuverability.
(e)
The
word
includes
any
aircraft
designed
to
manoeuvre
on
the
water
.
(f)
The
term
not
under
command
means
a
vessel
which
through
some
exceptional
circumstance
is
unable
to
manoeuvre
as
required
by
these
Rules
and is therefore
unable to keep out of the way of another vessel.
(g)
The
term
restricted
in
her
ability
to
manoeuvre
means
a
vessel
which
from the nature of her
work is
restricted
in her ability to
manoeuvre as
required
by
these
Rules
and
is
therefore
unable
to
keep
out
of
the
way
of
another
vessel.
The
term
restricted
in
their
ability
to
manoeuvre
shall
include but not be limited to:
(i)
A
vessel
engaged
in
laying,
servicing
or
picking
up
a
navigation
mark,
submarine cable or pipeline;
(ii) A vessel engaged in dredging,
surveying or underwater operations;
(iii)
A
vessel
engaged
in
replenishment
or
transferring
persons,
provisions
or
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国际海上避碰规则
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cargo while underway;
(iv) a vessel engaged in the launching
or recovery of aircraft;
(v) a vessel
engaged in mine clearance operations;
(vi) a vessel engaged in a towing
operation such as severely restricts the towing
vessel and her tow in their ability to
deviate from their course.
(h)
The term
by
her
draught
means
a power-driven vessel
which,
because of her
draught in
relation to the available depth and
width of
navigable
water
, is severely restricted in
her ability
to deviate from
the course
she is following.
(i)
The
word
means
that
a
vessel
is
not
at
anchor
,
or
made
fast
to
the shore, or aground.
(j)
The
words
and
of
a
vessel
mean
her
length
overall
and
greatest breadth.
(k)
Vessels
shall
be
deemed
to
be
in
sight
of
one
another
only
when
one
can
be
observed visually from
the other
.
(L)
The
term
visibility
means
any
condition
in
which
visibility
is
restricted
by
fog,
mist, falling snow,
heavy
rainstorms, sandstorms
or any other
similar causes.
第三条
一般定义
除其他条文另有解释外，在本规则中：
１．
“船舶”一词，指用作或者能够
用作水上运输工具的各类水上船筏，包
括非排水船舶和水上飞机。
２．
“机动船”一词，指用机器推进
的任何船舶。
３．<
/p>
“帆船”一词，指任何驶帆的船舶，包括装有推进机器而不在使用者。
４．
“从事捕鱼的船舶”一词，指使
用网具、绳钓、拖网或其他使其操纵性
能受到限制的渔具捕鱼的任何船舶，但不包括使用
曳绳钓或其他并不使其操纵
性能受到限制的渔具捕鱼的船舶。
５．
“水上飞机”一词，包括为能在
水面操纵而设计的任何航空器。
６．<
/p>
“失去控制的船舶”一词，指由于某种异常的情况，不能按本规则各条
的要求进行操纵，因而不能给他船让路的船舶。
７．
“操纵能力受到限制的船舶”一词，指由于工作性质，使其按本
规则要
求进行操纵的能力受到限制，因而不能给他船让路的船舶。
“操纵能力受到限制的船舶”一词应包括，但不限于下列船舶：
（１）从事敷设、维修或起捞助航标志、海底电缆或管道的船
舶；
（２）从事疏浚、测量或水下作业的船舶；
（３）在航中从事补给或转运人员、食品或货物的船舶；
（４）从事发放或回收航空器的船舶；
（５）从事清除水雷作业的船舶；
（６）从事拖带作业的船舶，而该项拖带作业使该拖船及其被
拖船偏离所
驶航向的能力严重受到限制者。
８．
“限于吃水的船舶”一词，指由
于吃水与可用水深的关系，致使其偏离
所驶航向的能力严重地受到限制的机动船。
９．
“在
航”一词，指船舳不在锚泊、系岸或搁浅。
１０．船舶的“长度”和“宽度”是指其总长度和最大宽度。
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1972
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１１．只有当一船能自他船以视觉看到时，才应认为两船是在
互见中。
１２．
“能见度不良”一词，指任何由于雾、霾、下雪、暴风雨、沙暴或任
何其他类似原因而使能见度受到限制的情况。
PART
B-STEERING AND SAILING RULES
SECTION
1-CONDUCT OF VESSELS IN ANY
CONDITION
OF VISIBILITY
Rule 4
Application
Rules in this
Section apply in any condition of visibility
第二章
驾驶和航行规则
第一节
船舶在任何能见度情况下的行动规则
（第四——第十条）
Rule 5
Look-out
Every
vessel
shall
at
all
times
maintain
a
proper
look
out
by
sight
and
hearing
as
well
as
by
all
available
means
appropriate
in
the
prevailing
circumstances and conditions so to
make a full appraisal of
the
situation and of
the risk of collision.
第五条
了
望
每一船应在任何时候用视觉、听觉以及适合当时环境和情况的一切可用手段
< br>保持正规的了望，以便对局面和碰撞危险作出充分的估计。
Rule 6
Safe
speed
Every vessel shall at
all times proceed at a safe speed so that she can
take proper
and
effective
action
to
avoid
collision
and
be
stopped
within
a
distance
appropriate to the
prevailing circumstances and conditions.
In determining a safe speed the
following factors shall be among those taken into
account:
(a) By all vessels:
(i) The state of visibility;
(ii) The traffic
density
including concentrations of fishing vessels or any
other
vessels;
(iii)
The
manoeuvrability
of
the
vessel
with
special
reference
to
stopping
distance and
turning ability in the prevailing conditions;
(iv) at night the presence of
background light such as from shore lights or from
back scatter of her own lights;
(v)
the
state
of
wind,
sea
and
current,
and
the
proximity
of
navigational
hazards;
(vi) the draught in relation to the
available depth of water
.
(b) Additionally, by vessels with
operational radar;
(i) the
characteristics, efficiency and limitations of the
radar equipment;
(ii) any constraints
imposed by the radar range scale in use;
(iii) the effect on radar
detection of the sea state, weather and
other sources of
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1972
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interference;
(iv) the possibility
that
small vessels, ice and other floating objects may
not
be
detected
by radar at an adequate range;
(v) The
number
, location and movement of
vessels detected by radar;
(vi)
The more exact assessment of the
visibility that
may
be
possible when
radar
is used
to determine the range of vessels or other objects
in the vicinity.
第六条
安全航速
每一船在任何时候都应用安
全航速行驶
,
以便能采取适当而有效的行动避免碰撞
,
并能在适合当时环境和情况的距离以内把船停住。在决定安全航速时，考
虑的
因素中应包括下列各点：
1.
对所有船舶：
(1)
能见度情况；
(2)
通
航密度，包括渔船或者任何其他船舶的密集程度；
(3)
船舶的操纵性能，特别是在当
时情况下的冲程和旋回性能；
<
/p>
(4)
夜间出现的背景亮光，诸如来自岸上的灯光或本船灯光的反
向散射；
(5)
风、浪和流的状况以及靠近航海危险物的情况：
(6)
吃水与可用水深的关系。
2.
对备有可使用的雷达的船舶，还须考虑：
(1)
雷达设备的特性、效率和局限性；
(2)
所选用的雷达距离标尺带来的
任何限制；
(3)
海况、天气和其他干扰源对雷达探测的影响；
(4)
在
适当距离内，雷达对小船、浮冰和其他漂浮物有探测不到的可能性；
(5)
雷
达探测到的船舶数目、位置和动态；
(6)
当用雷达测定附近船舶或其他
物体的距离时，可能对能见度作出的更确切
的估计。
Rule 7
Risk of Collision
(a)
Every
vessel
shall
use
all
available
means
appropriate
to
the
prevailing
circumstances and conditions to
determine if risk of collision exists. If there is
any doubt such risk shall be deemed to
exist.
(b)
Proper
use
shall
be
made
of
radar
equipment
if
fitted
and
operational,
including long-
range scanning to obtain early warning of risk of
collision and
radar plotting or
equivalent systematic observation of detected
objects.
(c) Assumptions shall
not
be made on
the basis of scanty information,
especially
scanty radar information.
(d) In determining if risk of collision
exists the following
considerations shall be
among those taken into account:
(i) Such risk shall be deemed to exist
if the compass bearing of an approaching
vessel does not appreciably change:
(ii) Such risk may sometimes exist even
when an appreciable bearing change is
evident,
particularly
when
approaching
a very large vessel or a tow or
when
approaching a vessel at close range.
第七条
碰撞危险
1.
每一船应用适合当时环境和情况的一切可用手段断定是否存在碰撞危险，
如有
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任何怀疑，则应认为存在这种危险。
2.
如装有雷达设备并可使用的话，则应正确予以使用
,
包括远距离扫瞄
,
以便获得
< br>
碰撞危险的早期警报
,
并对探测到的物标进行雷达标绘或与其相当的系统观察。
3.
不应当根据不充分的资料，特别是不充分的雷达观测资料作出推断。
4.
在断定是否存在碰撞危险时，考
虑的因素中应包括下列各点：
<
/p>
(1)
如果来船的罗经方位没有明显的变化，则应认为存在这种危
险；
(
2)
即使有明显的方位变化，
有时也可能存在这种危险，
特别是在驶近一艘很
大的船或拖带船组时，
或是在近距离驶近他船时。
Rule 8
Action to avoid Collision
(a) Any action
to avoid
collision shall,
if
the
circumstances of the case admit,
be
positive,
made in ample time
and
with
due regard
to the observance of good
seamanship.
(b)
Any
alteration
of
course
and
/
or
speed
to
avoid
collision
shall,
if
the
circumstances
of
the
case
admit,
be
large
enough
to
be
readily
apparent
to
another
vessel
observing
visually
or
by
radar;
a
succession
of
small
alterations of course
and / or speed should be avoided.
(c)
If
there
is
sufficient
sea
room,
alteration
of
course
alone
may
be
the
most
effective action to
avoid a close-quarters situation
provided that
it is made in
good
time,
is
substantial
and
does
not
result
in
another
close
quarters
situation.
(d) Action taken to avoid collision
with another vessel shall be such as to result in
passing
at
safe
distance,
the
effectiveness
of
the
action
shall
be
carefully
checked until the other vessel is
finally past and clear
.
(e)
If
necessary
to
avoid
collision
or
allow
more
time
to
assess
the
situation,
a
vessel shall slacken her speed or take
all way off by stopping or reversing her
means of propulsion.
(f) (i)
A vessel which, by any of these rules, is required
not to impede the passage
or safe
passage of another vessel shall, when required by
the circumstances of
the case, take
early action to allow sufficient sea- room for the
safe passage of
the other vessel.
(ii) A vessel required not to impede
the passage or safe passage of another vessel
is
not
relieved
of
this
obligation
if
approaching
the
other
vessel
so
as
to
involve
risk of collision and shall,
when
taking action,
have full
regard to
the action
which may be
required by the rules of this part.
(iii)
A vessel the
passage of
which
is not to
be impeded
re
mains fully obliged to
comply
with
the
rules of this
part
when the
two
vessels are approaching one
another so as to involve risk of
collision.
第八条
避免碰撞的行动
1.
为避免碰撞所采取的任何行动，如当时环境许可，应是积极的，应及早地进行
并
注意运用良好的船艺。
2.
为避免碰
撞而作的航向和（或）航速的任何变动，如当时环境许可，应大得足
以使他船用视觉或雷
达观察时容易察觉到；应避免对航向和（或）航速作一连
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串的小变动。
< br>3.
如有足够的水域，
则单用转向可能是避免紧迫局面的
最有效行动，
只要这种行
动是及时的，大幅度的并且不至造成另
一紧迫局面。
4.
为避免与他船碰撞
而采取的行动，
应能导致在安全的距离驶过。
应细心查核避
让行动的有效性，直到最后驶过让清他船为止。
< br>5.
为避免碰撞或留有更多时间来估计局面，必要时
,
船舶应当减速或者停止或倒
转
推进器把船停住。
6. (1)
根据本规则任何规定，
要求不得妨碍另一艘船通过或安全通过的船舶应根
据
当时环境的需要及早地采取行动以留出足够的水域供他船安全通过。
(2)
如果在接近其他船舶致有碰撞危险时，
被
要求不得妨碍另一艘船通过或安
全通过的船舶并不解除这一责任，且当采取行动时，应充
分考虑到本章各条可
能要求的行动。
Rule 9
Narrow Channels
(a)
A
vessel
proceeding
along
the
course
of
a
narrow
channel
or
fairway
shall
keep
as
near
to
the
outer
limit
of
the
channel
or
fairway
which
lies
on
her
starboard side as is safe and
practicable.
(b)
A vessel of
less than 20
meters in length or a
sailing vessel shall not
impede
the passage of a vessel which can
safely navigate only
within
narrow channel
or fairway.
(c)
A
vessel
engaged
in
fishing
shall
not
impede
the
passage
of
any
other
vessel
navigating within a narrow channel or
fairway.
(d) A vessel shall
not cross a narrow channel or fairway
if such crossing impedes
the passage of
a vessel which can safely navigate only
within such channel or
fairway.
The latter vessel may use the sound
signal prescribed in Rule 34(d)
if in
doubt as to the intention of the crossing vessel.
(e) (i) In a narrow channel or fairway
when overtaking can take place only if the
vessel
to
be
overtaken
has
to
take
action
to
permit
safe
passing,
the
vessel
intending
to
overtake
shall
indicate
her
intention
by
sounding
the
appropriate
signal
prescribed
in
Rule
34(c)(i).
The
vessel
to
be
overtaken
shall, if in agreement, sound the
appropriate signal prescribed in Rule 34(c)(ii)
and take steps to permit safe passing.
If in doubt she may sound
the signals
prescribed in Rule 34(d).
(ii) This Rule does not relieve the
overtaking vessel of her obligation under Rule
13.
(f)
A
vessel
nearing
a
bend
or
an
area
of
a
narrow
channel
or
fairway
where
other
vessels
may
be
obscured
by
an
intervening
obstruction
shall
navigate
with
particular alertness and
caution and shall sound the appropriate signal
prescribed in Rule 34(e).
(g) Any vessel shall, if the
circumstances of the case admit, avoid anchoring
in a
narrow channel.
第九条
狭水道
1
.
船舶沿狭水道或航道行驶时，只要安全可行，
应尽量靠近其右舷的该水
道或航道的外缘。
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1972
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2.
帆船或者长度小于
20
米的船舶，不应妨碍只能在狭水道或航道以内安全
航行的船舶通行。
3.
从事捕鱼
的船舶，不应妨碍任何其他在狭水道或航道以内航行的船舶通
行。
4.
船舶不应穿越狭水道或航道，
如果这种穿越会妨碍只能在这种水道或航道
以内安全航行的船舶通行。后者若对穿越船的
意图有怀疑时
,
可以使用第三十四
条<
/p>
4
款所规定的声号。
5.(1)
在狭水道或航道内，
如只有在被追越船必须采取行动以允许安全通过
能追越时，
则企图追越的船，
应鸣放第三十四条
3
款
(1)
项所规定的相应声号，
以
表示本船的意图。
被追越
船如果同意，
应鸣放第三十四条
3
款<
/p>
(2)
所规定的相
< br>应
声号，并采取使之能安全通过的措施。如有怀疑，
<
/p>
则可以鸣放第三十四条
4
款
所规定的声号。
(2)
本条并不解除追越船根据第十三条所负的义务。
6.
船舶在驶近其他船舶可能被居间障碍物遮蔽的
狭水道或航道的弯头或地
段时，
应
<
/p>
特别机警和谨慎地驾驶，
并应鸣放第三十四条
5
款所规定的相应声号。
7.<
/p>
任何船舶，如当时环境许可，都应避免在狭水道内锚泊。
Rule 10
Traffic Separation
Schemes
(a)
This
rule
applies
to
traffic
separation
schemes
adopted
by
the
Organization
and does not
relieve any vessel of her obligation under any
other rule.
(b) A vessel using a
traffic separation scheme shall:
(i)
proceed
in
the
appropriate
traffic
lane
in
the
general
direction
of
traffic
flow
for that lane;
(ii)
so
far
as
practicable
keep
clear
of
a
traffic
separation
line
or
separation
zone;
(iii)
normally
join
or
leave
a
traffic
lane
at
the
termination
of
the
lane,
but
when
joining
or
leaving
from
either side shall do so at as small
an
angle to the
general
direction of traffic flow as practicable.
(c)
A
vessel
shall,
so
far
as
practicable,
avoid
crossing
traffic
lanes
but
if
obliged
to
do
so
shall
cross
on
a
heading
as
nearly
as
practicable
at
right
angles
to the
general direction of traffic flow
.
(d)
(i)
A
vessel
shall
not
use
an
inshore
traffic
zone
when
she
can
safely
use
the
appropriate
traffic
lane
within
the
adjacent
traffic
separation
scheme.
However
,
vessels
of
less
than
20
metres
in
length,
sailing
vessels
and
vessels
engaged in fishing may use the inshore traffic
zone.
(ii)
Notwithstanding
subparagraph
(d)(i),
a
vessel
may
use
an
inshore
traffic zone when en route to or from a
port, offshore installation or structure,
pilot
station
or
any other place situated
within the inshore traffic zone, or
to
avoid immediate danger
.
(e)A vessel other than a crossing
vessel or a vessel joining or leaving a lane shall
not normally enter a separation zone or
cross a separation line except:
(i)
in case of
emergency to avoid immediate danger:
(ii)
to engage in
fishing within a separation zone.
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(f)
A
vessel
navigating
in
areas
near
the
terminations
of
traffic
separation
schemes shall do
so
with
particular caution.
(g)
A
vessel
shall
so
far
as
practicable
avoid
anchoring
in
a
traffic
separation
scheme or in
areas near its terminations.
(h)
A
vessel
not
using
a
traffic
separation
scheme
shall
avoid
it
by
as
wide
a
margin as is practicable.
(i)
A
vessel
engaged
in
fishing
shall
not
impede
the
passage
of
any
vessel
following a traffic
lane.
(j) A vessel of less than 20
metres in length or a sailing vessel shall not
impede the
safe passage of a power
-driven vessel following a traffic lane.
(k) A vessel restricted in
her ability to
manoeuvre
when engaged in an operation
for
the
maintenance
of
safety
of
navigation
in
a
traffic
separation
scheme
is
exempted
from
complying
with
this
Rule
to
the
extent
necessary
to
carry out the operation.
(l)
A vessel restricted in
her ability to
manoeuvre
when engaged in an operation
for
the
laying,
servicing
or
picking
up
of
a
submarine
cable,
within
a
traffic
separation
scheme,
is
exempted
from
complying
with
this
Rule
to
the
extent
necessary to carry out the operation.
第十条
分道通航制
1.
本条适用于本组织所采纳的各分道通航制
,
但并不解除任
何船舶遵守任何
其他各条规定的责任
.
2.
使用分道通航制区域的船舶
:
(1)
在
相应的通航分道内顺着该分道的船舶总流向行驶
;
(2)
尽可能让开分隔线或分隔带
;
(3)
通
常在通航分道的端部驶进或驶出
,
但从分道的任何一侧驶进或驶
出时
,
应与分道的船舶总流向形成尽可能小的角度
;
3.
船舶应尽可能避免穿越通航分道
,
但如不得不穿越时
,
应尽可能用与分道的
船舶总流向成直角的船首向穿越
;
4.(1)
当船舶可安全使用邻近分道通航制区中相应通航分道时
,
不应使用沿岸
通航带
.
但
长度小于
20
米的船舶、帆船和从事捕鱼的船舶可使用沿岸通航
带；
(
2)
除本条
4(1)
规定外
,
当船舶抵离港口、近岸设施或建筑物、引航站或位
于沿岸通航带中的任何地方或为避免紧迫危险时，可使用沿岸通航带
;
5.
除穿越船或者驶进或驶出通航分道的船舶外
,
船通常不应进入分隔带或穿
越分隔线
,
除非
:
(1)
在紧急情况下避免紧迫危险
;
(2)
在分隔带内从事捕鱼
;
6.
船舶在分道通航制区域端部附近行驶时
,
应特别谨慎
;
7.
< br>船舶应尽可能避免在分道通航制区域内或其端部附近锚泊
;
8.
不使用分道通航制区域的船舶
,
应尽可能远离该区域
.
9.
从事捕
鱼的船舶
,
不应妨碍按通航分道行驶的任何船舶的通行
;
10.
帆船或长度小于
20
米的船舶
,
不应妨碍按通航分
道行驶的机动船的安全
通行
;
11.
操纵能力受到限制的船舶
,
当在分道通
航制区域内从事维护航行安全的作
业时
,
在执行该作业所必需的限度内
,
免受本条规定的约束
;
9
1972
国际海上避碰规则
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10
12.
操纵能力受到限制的船舶
,
当在分道通航制区域内从事敷设、维护或起捞
海底电缆时
,
在执行该作业所必需的限度内
,
免受本条规定的约束。
SECTION
Ⅱ
-CONDUCT
OF VESSELS IN
SIGHT OF ONE ANOTHER
Rule 11
Application
Rules in this section apply to vessels
in sight
of
one another
.
第二节
船舶在互见中的行动规则
（第十一条——第十八条）
第十一条
适用范围
本节各条适用于互见中的船舶
.
Rule 12
Sailing Vessels
(a) When two sailing vessels are
approaching one another
, so as to
involve risk of
collision, one of them
shall
keep out of the way of the other as
follows:
(i) when each has the wind on
a different side, the vessel which has the wind on
the port side shall
keep
out
of the way of the
other
.
(ii)
when
both
have the
wind
on
the
same
side,
the vessel
which
is to
wind-
ward shall keep out of
the
way
of the vessel which is to leeward;
(iii)
if
a
vessel
with
the
wind
on
the
port
side
sees
a
vessel
to
windward
and
cannot
determine
with
certainty
whether
the
other
vessel
has
the
wind
on
the
port
or
on
the
starboard
side,
she shall
keep
out
of
the
way
of
the other
.
(b)
For
the
purpose
of
this
Rule
the
windward
side
shall
be
deemed
to
be the side opposite to that on
which
the mainsail is
carried or
, in
the
case
of
a
square-
rigged
vessel,
the
side
opposite
to
that
on
which
the
largest
fore and
aft sail is carried.
第十二条
帆船
<
/p>
1.
两艘帆船相互驶近致有构成碰撞危险时
,
其中一船应按下列规定给他船让路
:
(1)
两
船在不同舷受风时
,
左舷受风的船应给他船让路
;
(2)
两船在同舷受风时
,
上风船应给下风船让路
;
(3)
如左舷受风的船看到在上风的船而不能断定究竟该船是左舷受风还是右舷
受风
,
则应给该船让路
.
2.
就本条规定而言
,
船舶的受风舷侧应认为是主帆被吹向的一舷的对面舷侧
;
对于<
/p>
方
帆船
,
则应认为是最大纵帆被吹向的一舷的对面舷侧
.
Rule 13
Overtaking
(a) Notwithstanding anything contained
in the
Rules
of Part B, Sections I and
II,
any
vessel
overtaking
any
other
shall
keep
out
of
the
way
of
the
vessel
being
overtaken.
(b)
A
vessel
shall
be
deemed
to
be
overtaking
when
coming
up
with
another
vessel from a direction more than 22.5 degrees
abaft her beam, that is,
in such a
position
with
reference to the vessel she is
overtaking, that at
night
10
1972
国际海上避碰规则
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11
she would
be
able to see only
the sternlight of that
vessel
but
neither of
her
sidelights.
(c)
When
a
vessel
is
in
any
doubt
as
to
she
that
she
is
overtaking
another
,
she
shall assume that this is the case and
act accordingly.
(d) Any subsequent
alternation of
the
bearing
between the two vessels shall
not
make
the
overtaking
vessel
a
crossing
vessel
within
the
meaning
of
these
Rules
or
relieve
her
of
the
duty
of
keeping
clear
of
the
overtaken
vessel
until she is finally past
and clear
.
第十三条
追越
<
/p>
1.
不论第二章第一节和第二节的各条规定如何
< br>,
任何船舶在追越任何他船时
,
均应
给被追越船让路
.
2.
一船正从他船正横后大于
22.5
度的某一方向
赶上他船时
,
即该船对其所追越
的船
所处的位置
,
在夜间只能看见被追越船的尾灯而不能
看见他的任一舷灯
时
,
应认为是在追越中
. <
/p>
3.
当一船对其是否在追越他船有任何怀疑时
,
该船应假定是在追越
,
并应采取
相应
行动
.
中所指的交叉
船
,
或者免除其让开被追越船的责任
,
直到最后驶过让清为止
.
Rule 14
Head-on Situation
(a)
When
two
power-
driven
vessels
are
meeting
on
reciprocal
or
nearly
reciprocal courses so
as to involve risk of collision each shall alter
her course to
starboard so that each
shall pass on the port side of the
other
.
(b) Such a situation
shall be deemed to exist when a vessel sees the
other ahead or
nearly ahead and
by
night she could see the
masthead
lights of the other in a
line
or
nearly
in
a
line
and/or
both
sidelights
and
by
day
she
observes
the
corresponding aspect of
the other vessel.
(c)
When a
vessel is in any
doubt as to
whether such a situation exists she
shall
assume that it does exist and act
accordingly.
第十四条
对遇局面
1.
当两艘机动船在相反的或接近相反的航向上相遇有构成碰撞
危险时
,
各应向
右转
向
,
从而各从他船的左舷驶过
.
2.
当一船看见他船在正前方或接近正前方
,
并且在夜间
,
能看见他船的前后桅灯
成
一
直线或接近一直线和
(
或
)
两盏灯
;
在白天看到他船
<
/p>
的上述相应形态时
,
则应
认为存在这样的局面
.
3.
当一船对是否存在这样的局面有任何怀疑时
,
该船应假定确实存
在这种局面
,
并
应采取相应的行动
.
Rule 15
Crossing
Situation
When two power-driven vessels
are crossing so as to involve risk of collision,
the
vessel
which
has
the
other
on
her
own
starboard
side
shall
keep
out
of
the
way and shall, if the circumstances of
the case admit, avoid crossing ahead
of
the other vessel.
第十五条
交叉相遇局面
当两艘机动船交叉相遇致有构成碰撞危险时
,
有他船在本船右舷的船舶应
11
1972
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给他船让路
,
< br>如当时环境许可
,
还避免横越他船的前方
.
Rule 16
Action by
Give-way Vessel
Every
vessel
which
is
directed
to
keep
out
of
the
way
of
another
vessel
shall, so far as possible, take early
and substantial action to
keep well clear
.
第十六条
让路船的行动
须给他船让路的船舶
,
应尽可能及早地采取大幅度的行动<
/p>
,
宽裕地让清他船
.
Rule 17
Action by Stand-on
Vessel
(a) (i) Where one of two vessels
is to keep out
of
the way the other shall
keep
her course and speed.
(ii)
The
latter
vessel
may
however
take
action
to
avoid
collision
by
her
manoeuvre alone, as soon as it becomes
apparent to her that the vessel required
to
keep
out
of
the
way
is
not
taking
appropriate
action
in
compliance
with these Rules.
(b) When,
from any cause, the vessel
required
to
keep her course and speed
finds
herself
so
close
that
collision
cannot
be
avoided
by
the
action
of
the
give-
way
vessel
alone,
she
shall
take
such
action
as
will
best
aid
to
avoid collision.
(c) A
power-driven vessel which takes action in a
crossing situation in accordance
with
sub-paragraph
(a)(ii)
of
this
Rule
to
avoid
collision
with
another
power
- driven
vessel shall, if the circumstances of the case
admit,
not alter
course
to port for a vessel on her own port side.
(d) This Rule does not relieve the
give- way vessel of her obligation to keep out of
the way.
第十七条
直航船的行动
1. (1)
两船中的一船应给另一船让路时
,
另一船应保持
航向和航速
.
< br>(2)
然而
,
当保持航向和航速
的船一经发觉规定的让路船显然没有遵照本规
则采取适当行动时
,
该船即可独自采取操纵行动
,
以避免
碰撞
.
2.
当规定保持航向和航速的船
, <
/p>
发觉本船不论由于何种原因逼近到单凭让路
船的行动不能避免碰撞
时
,
也应采取最有助于避碰的行动
.
3.
在交叉相遇的局面下
,
机动船按照本条
1
款
(2
)
项采取行动以避免与另一艘
机动船碰撞时
< br>,
如当时环境许可
,
不应对在本
船左舷的船采取向左转向
.
4.
本条并不解除让路船的让路义务
.
Rule 18
Responsibilities
between Vessels
Except where Rules 9,
10 and 13 otherwise require:
(a) A
power-driven vessel underway
shall
keep
out
of the way of:
(i) A vessel
not under command:
(ii) A vessel
restricted in her ability to manoeuvre;
(iii) A vessel engaged in fishing;
(iv) A sailing
vessel .
(b) A sailing
vessel underway shall keep out of the way of:
(i) A vessel not under command:
12
1972
国际海上避碰规则
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(ii) A vessel restricted
in her ability to manoeuvre;
(iii) A
vessel engaged in fishing;
(c) A vessel
engaged in fishing
when
underway shall, so far as possible,
keep out
of the way of:
(i)
A vessel not under command:
(ii) A
vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre.
(d) (i) Any vessel other than a vessel
not under command or a vessel restricted in
her
ability
to
manoeuvre
shall,
if
the
circumstances
of
the
case
admit,
avoid
impeding the safe
passage of a vessel constrained by her draught,
exhibiting
the signals in Rule 28.
(ii)
A vessel constrained
by
her
draught shall
navigate
with
particular caution
having full regard
to
her
special
condition.
(e)
A
seaplane
on
the
water
shall,
in
general,
keep
well
clear
of
all
vessels
and
avoid impeding
their
navigation. In circumstances,
however
, where risk of
collision
exists, she shall comply with the Rules
of this Part.
第十八条
船舶之间的责任
除第九、十和十三条另有规定外
:
1.
机动船在航时应给下述船舶让路
:
(1)
失去控制的船舶
;
(2)
操纵能力受到限制的船舶
;
(3)
从事捕鱼的船舶
;
(4)
帆船
;
2.
帆船在航时应给可下述船舶让路
:
(1)
失去控制的船舶
;
(2)
操纵能力受到限制的船舶
;
(3)
从事捕鱼的船舶
3.
从事捕鱼的船舶在航时
,
应尽可能给下述船舶让路
:
(1)
失去控制的船舶
;
(2)
操纵能力受到限制的船舶
; <
/p>
4.(1)
除失去控制的船舶或操纵能力受到限制的船舶外
,
任何船舶如当时环境
许可
< br>,
应避免妨碍显示第二十八条信号的限于吃水的船舶的安全通行
< br>.
(2)
限于吃水的船舶应充分注意到其特殊条件
,
特别谨慎地
驾驶
.
5.
在水面的水上飞机
,
通常应宽域地让清所有的船舶并避免妨碍其航行
.
然而
在有碰撞危险的情况下
,<
/p>
则应遵守本章各条的规定
.
SECTION III-CONDUCT OF VESSELS IN
RESTRICTED VISIBILITY
第三节
船舶在能见度不良时的行动规则
Rule 19
Conduct of Vessels
in Restricted Visibility
(a) This Rule
applies to vessels not in sight of one another
when navigating
in or
near an area of restricted visibility.
(b)
Every
vessel
shall
proceed
at
a
safe
speed
adapted
to
the
prevailing
circumstances
and
conditions
of
restricted
visibility
A
power-driven
vessel
shall
have
her
engines
ready for immediate manoeuvre.
13
1972
国际海上避碰规则
中英文对照版
14
(c)
Every
vessel
shall
have
due
regard
to
the
prevailing
circumstances
and
conditions of restricted visibility
when complying with the Rules of Section I of
this Part.
(d)
A
vessel
which
detects
by
radar
alone
the
presence
of
another
vessel
shall
determine
if
a
close-
quarters
situation
is
developing
and
/or
risk
of
collision
exists. If so, she
shall take avoiding action
in ample
time,
provided that
when
such action consists of an alteration
of course, so far as
possible the following
shall be
avoided:
(i) an alteration of course to
port for a vessel forward of the beam, other than
for a vessel being overtaken;
(ii) an alteration of course towards a
vessel
abeam
or abaft the
beam.
(e) Except where it
has been determined that a
risk
of
collision does not exist,
every
vessel
which
hears
apparently
forward
of
her
beam
the
fog
signal
of
another
vessel,
or
which
cannot
avoid
a
close-
quarters
situation
with
another
vessel
forward
of
her
beam,
shall
reduce
her
speed
to
the
minimum at
which she can be
kept on her course. She shall if necessary take
all her way off and in any event
navigate with extreme caution until danger of
collision is over
.
第十九条
船舶在能见度不良时的行动规则
1.
本条适用于在能见度不良的水都
中或在其附近航行时不在互见中的船舶
.
2.
每一船应以适合当时能见度不良的环境和情况的安全航速行驶
,
机动船应将
机器作好随时操纵的准备
.
3.
在遵守本章第一节各条时
,
每一船舶应适当考虑到当时能见度不良的环境和
情况
.
4.
< br>一船仅凭雷达测到他船时
,
应判断是否正在形成紧迫局面
,
和
(
或
)
存在碰撞危
险
.
若是如此
,
应及早地采取避让行动
,
如这种行动包括转向
< br>,
则应尽可能避免如
下
各点
:
(1)
除对被追越船外
,
对正横前的船舶采取
向左转向
;
(2)
对正横或正横后的船舶采取朝
着他转向
.
5.
< br>除己断定不存在碰撞危险外
,
每一船当听到他船的雾号显
似在本船正横以前
,
或者与正横以前的他船不能避免紧迫局面时
,
应将航速减到能维持其航向的最
小速
度
.
必要时
,
应把船完全停住
,
而且
,
无论如何
,
应极其谨慎地驾驶
,
直到碰撞危
险过去为止
.
PART C- LIGHTS AND SHAPES
Rule 20
Application
(a) Rule in this Part shall be complied
with in all weathers.
(b)
The
Rules
concerning
lights
shall
be
complied
with
from
sunset
to
sunrise,
and
during such times no other lights shall be
exhibited, except such lights as
cannot
be
mistaken
for
the
lights
specified
in
these
Rules
or
do
not
impair
their
visibility
or
distinctive
character
,
or
interfere
with
the
keeping
of
a
proper look-out.
(c)
The lights
prescribed
by these Rules
shall, if carried, also be exhibited from
14
1972
国际海上避碰规则
中英文对照版
15
sunrise to sunset
in
restricted visibility and may be
exhibited in all
other
circumstances when it is
deemed necessary.
(d) The Rules
concerning shapes shall be
complied
with by
day.
(e) The lights and shapes
specified in these Rules shall comply with the
provisions
of Annex I to these
Regulations.
第三章
号灯和号型
第二十条
适用范围
1.
本章各条在各种天气中都应遵守
.
2.
有关号灯的各条规定
,
从日没到日出时都应遵守
,
在此时间内不应显示别的灯
光
.
但那些不会被误认为本规则订明的号灯
,
或者不会削弱号灯的能见距离或
显著特
性
,
或者不
会妨碍正规了望的灯光除外
.
3.
本
规则所规定的号灯
,
如己设置
,
也应在能见度不良的情况下从日出到日没时显
示
,
并可在一切其他认为必要的情况下显示
.
4.
有关号型的各条规定
,
在白天都应遵守
.
6.
本规则订明的号灯和号型
,
应符合本规则附录一的
规定
.
Rule 21
Definitions
(a)
light
means
a
white
light
placed
over
the
fore
and
aft
centrline of the vessel
showing an
unbroken light over an arc
of the horizon of
22.5 degrees
abaft
the beam on either side of the vessel.
(b)
means
a
green
light
on
the
starboard
side
and
a
red
light
on the
port side each showing an unbroken light over an
arc of
the horizon of
112.
5
degrees
and
so
fixed
as
to
show
the
light
from
right
ahead
to
22.5
degrees
abaft
the
beam
on
its
respective
side.
In
a
vessel
of
less
than
20
metres
in
length
the
sidelights
may
be
combined
in
one
Lantern
carried
on
the
fore
and
aft center line of the vessel.
(c)
means
a
white
light
placed
as
nearly
as
practicable
at
the
stern showing an
unbroken
light
over an arc of
the horizon of 135
degrees
and so fixed as to show the light 67.5
degrees from
right aft on each
side
of
the vessel.
(d)
light
means
a
yellow
light
having
the
same
characteristics
as
the
(e)
light
means
a
light
showing
an
unbroken
light
over
an
arc
of
the
horizon of 360 degrees.
(f)
light
means a light flashing
at
regular
intervals at a
frequency
of 120 flashes or more per
minute.
第二十一条
定义
1.
桅
灯
是指安置在船的首尾中心线上方的白灯
,
在
225
度的水平弧内显示不间<
/p>
断的灯光
,
其装置要使灯光从船的正前方
到每一舷正横后
22.5
度内显示
.
2.
舷灯
是指
右舷的绿灯和左舷的红灯
,
各在
11
2.5
度的水平弧内显示不间断的
灯光
,
其装置要使灯光从船的正前方到各自一舷的正横后
22.5<
/p>
度内分别显示
.
长
度小于
20
米的船舶
,
其舷灯可以合并为一盏
,
装设于船的首尾中心线上
.
3.
尾灯
是指安装在尽可能接近船尾的白灯
,
在
135
度的水
平弧内显示不间断的
灯光
,
其装置要
使灯光从船的正后方到每一舷
67.5
度内显示
.
15