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连词的定义

作者:高考题库网
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2021-02-06 03:52
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2021年2月6日发(作者:形象)


连词的定义:



连词是连接字、短语、从句与句 子的词,是虚词,因此它不能独立担任句子成分。连词主要分为两大类:并列连词


和从属 连词。并列连词用来连接并列关系的词、词组或分句。它包括:


and

< br>,


or



but



so



for



both


?


and



either


?


o r



neither


?


nor



not only


?


but also




从属连词用来引导从句,


它包括:



that




when




till




until




after




before



since



because


,< /p>


if



whether

< br>,


though



althou gh



so


?


that



so that



in order that



as soon as



并列连词用来连接具有并列关系的词,短语或句子。常见的并列连词有:



(1)


表并列关系的


and, both


?


and, not only


?


but also, neither


?


nor


等。



(2)


表选择关系的


or, eith er


?


or


等。



(3)


表转折关系的


but, while


等。



(4)


表因果关系的


for, so


等。



1


并列连词



1 and


:和,并且



I like basketball




football and table-tennis.


我喜欢篮球、足球和乒乓球。



1.


基本用法



and


表示“和”



“而且”的意思 ,用来连接对等关系的字和字,片语与片语,句子与句子。



He got up and put on his hat.


他站起来,戴上了帽子。



I went to the Summer Palace and he went to Bei Hai Park.


我去颐和园,他去北海公园。



注意



单词或词组如果是三个以上连接 ,


一般在最后的单词或词组前加


and



另外



and



在译成中文时不一定要翻译出


“和”


来。



2.


特别用法:


and


在祈使句中的作用



句型:祈使句,




and


?


=If you


?,



you'll


?



Use your head



and you'll find a way.


动动脑筋,你就会想出办法来。



=If you use your head



you'll find a way.


如果你动动脑子,你就会想出办法。



Hurry up



and you'll catch the bus.


快点,你就会赶上公共汽车。



=If you hurry up



you'll catch the bus.


如果你快点,你就会赶上公共汽车。



2 or


:或,或者,否则



Is Li Ming from Beijing or from Shanghai.


李明是北京人还是上海人呢?



1.


基本用法



or


表示“~或”的意思,使用于两者之中选择一个的时候。



Would you like coffee or tea




你喜欢咖啡还是茶?



Tom or I am right.


我或者汤姆是对的。



Li Ming or his classmates are cleaning the room.


李明或者是他的同班同学在打扫房间。



注意




A or B


”作主语时,谓语动词随


or


后面的词(


B


)而定,因此例子中的谓语动词服从


I


,用


am




2.


特别用法



句型:祈使句,



or


?


=If you don't


?,



you'll


?



and


一样,


or


在祈使句中的用法,译成“请?,否则?”


,有转折的意思。



Hurry up



or you'll miss the bus.


快点吧,否则你就会误了公共汽车。



=If you don't hurry up



you'll miss the bus.


如果你不快点,你就会误了这班车。



Study hard



or you'll fail in the exam.


好好学吧,否则你考试就会不及格。



=If you don't study hard



you'll fail in the exam.


如果你不努力学习,你考试就会不及格。



注意



or


疑 问句的读法


or


前面的部分用升调,后面的部分用降调。



3 but


:但是,可是,而


He is old




but he looks very young.


他老了,但他看起来很年轻。



Li Li likes violin but doesn't like piano.


李莉喜欢小提琴,


(但是)不喜欢钢琴。




but


后面省略了主语


Li Li


,因为与前面的主语成分相同)



Mary likes violin




but Tom doesn't.


玛丽喜欢小提琴,而汤姆不喜欢。




doesn't


后面省略了


like violin


,因为与前面的成分相同)



He isn't a teacher but a doctor.


他不是(一个)老师,而是医生。



They came here not for money but for the life.


他们到这儿来,不是要钱,而是要命。



注意



but


所连接的句子,句中如果某些成分与前面相同,则可以省略。



4 so




for


It began to rain



so we had to stay here.


开始下雨了,我们不得不呆在这儿了。




:所以,因此,于是



My teacher asked me to go




so I went.


我们老师让我去,因此我就去了。



比较



so


除了作连词外,也可以作副词。



I hope you can pass the exam.


我希望你能通过考试。



I hope so.


我也希望。



Don't walk so fast.


别走得太快。




:因为



I soon went to sleep




for I was tired.


我很快就入睡了,因为我太累了。



The sun has risen



for the birds are singing.


太阳升起来了,小鸟在唱歌。



比较



for



be cause for< /p>


也可译为“因为”


,但是它没有什么因果关系,不像


because


那样,而


for

只是说明解释而已。



5 both


?


and


:和,既??也??



He can play both the violin and the piano.


他既会拉小提琴,又会弹钢琴。



1.



both


?


and


?》构成的词组作为主语时,谓语动词用复数。

< br>


Both Li Ming and Li Li are good students.



Li Ming



Li Li


都是人,所以两者对等)



李明和李莉都是好学生。



注意



在《


b oth


?


and


?》句型中,


and


连接的词或词组要对等。



2.



both


?


and


》的否定句表示部分否定。



He can't play both the violin and the piano.


他会拉小提琴或者会弹钢琴。


(不全会)



Both Li Ming and Li Li are not good students.


明和李莉不都是好学生。


(其 中一个是好学生)



6 either


?


or



neither


?


nor


I want to visit either Tianjing or Shanghai.


我想参观天津或者上海。



I like neither English nor Chinese.


中文和英文我全不喜欢。



< p>
?


or


:或??或??;不是??就是??



a.



eithe r


?


or


?》构成的词组作为主语时, 谓语动词随其邻近的词,即


or


后面的词而定。



Either you or he is right.


不是你,就是他是对的。



b.


此句型的否定句是全否定。



Either you or he isn't right.


你和他都不对。



I don't want to visit either Tianjing or


Shanghai.


天津和上海我都不想参观。



r


?


nor


:既不??也不 ??



a.


当此词组担任主语时,谓语 动词的用法和


either


?


or


的用法一样,由


nor


后面的词而定。



Neither you nor I am right.


你和我都不对。



b.< /p>


此句型本身是全否定,因此不能再用否定式,即不能再加


not< /p>




(×)


Neither You nor I am not right.


比较



both


?


and ,either


?


or ,neither


?


nor


这三个句型的相互关系如下:



1


.肯定句:


I like both A and



B


.我喜欢

< p>
A



B




I like both coffee and tea.


我喜欢咖啡和茶。


(茶和咖啡我都喜欢)



2


.否定句:


I don't like both A and B. =I like either A or B.


我不喜欢


A



B




I like either coffee or tea .


咖啡和茶,我喜欢一样儿。



=I don't like both coffee and tea .


3



I don't like either A or B .=I like neither A nor B.


A



B


我都不喜欢。



咖啡和茶,我都不喜欢。



I like neither coffee nor tea .


I don't like either coffee or tea .


7 not only


?



but also


:不但??而且




1



Not only you but also your father is coming.


不但你,而且你父亲也要来。




2



Jane is



not only beautiful



but also kind.


珍妮不但漂亮,而且人非常好。



1.


基本用法:



not only


?


but also


》担任主语时,此句型的谓语动词随



but also


后面的部分而定,参见上文例(


1





另外


not only


?


but also


连接对等 的词或词组;例(


1



you


(你)和



your



father


(你父亲)都是人。例(


2



beautiful


(美的)和< /p>


kind


(亲切、慈祥)都是形容词。



2.


该句型可以和“


as well as


”互换,但注意汉语翻译。



Your father as well as you is coming.


不但你,而且你父亲也要来。



注意



as well as


的句子谓语动词随它前面的词“


Your father


”而定,所以用


is coming.


Jane is kind as well as beautiful.


珍妮不但漂亮,而且为人很好。



2



从属连词



常见的从属连词有:



(1)


引导时间状语从句的


after, before, when, while, as, until, till, since, as soon as

等。


(2)


引导条件状语从句的


i f, unless


等。



(3)


引导原因状语从句的


because, as, since


等。



(4)


引导目的状语从句的


so that, in order that


等。



(5)


引导让步状语从句的


though, although, even if


等。



(6)


引导结果状语从句的


so that, so


?


that, such

?


that


等。



(7)


引导比较状语从句的


than, as


?


as


等。



(8)


引导名词从句的


that, if , whether


等。



1 that


I



think



that




he likes football.


我想他喜欢足球。



that


引导名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句)和定语从句,本书只介绍宾语从 句。




在宾语从句、间接引语中可以省 略,主句与从句时态一致。



I think

< br>(


that




he is tired.


我想他累了。



I th ought



that




he was tired.


注意



要特别注意主句与从句时态的呼 应。如果主句是过去时,从句一律改为过去的时态,详见第二十章宾语从句。



2.


如果主句的动词是



think




believe


?;如果主句的主语是第一人称,变为否定句时,要否定主句,译成中 文时,


则否定从句。



I believe you will leave here.


我相信,你会离开这儿的。



I don't believe you will leave here.


我相信,你不会离开这儿的。



必背!



I hope that


~我希望~



I think that


~我认为~



I say that


~我说~



I know that


~我知道~



I find that


~我发现~



be afraid that


~恐怕~



be sure that


~确认~



be glad



happy




that


~很高兴~



(以上的


that


都可以省略)



2 when



while



till



unt il



since


?

< br>


When he arrives there he will call you.


他到达那儿以后,他会给你打电话。



when




while




till




until




since




after




before




as soon as


等是连接时间状语从句的连词。在时间状 语从句


中要特别注意时态的搭配:当主句是将来时,从句要用一般现在时。



注意



while


所引导的从句的谓语动词只能是延续性的,不能用点动词。


(如


begin



stop


?)


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