英语专业毕业论文从美国快餐的发展看快餐文化对世界的影响

本文主要研究了美国的快餐。第一，二部分简述快餐历史

;

第三部分论述快

餐的发展

;

第四部分介绍快餐文化大受欢迎的原因；在此基础上文章第五部分进

一步论述了饮食文化 对人们生活的积极和消极影响

;

文章最后一部分指出应正确

看待快餐和快餐文化。

希望通过本文的论述能够帮助读者更好认识快 餐及快餐文

化，吸收其中的有利成分促进人们身心的健康发展。

关键词

：快餐；饮食文化；双重影响

Analysis on Fast Food Culture and Its Double-side Effects to

the world from the Development of American Fast Food

Thesis statement

This paper analyzed the brief history of American fast food and its double-side effects

of diet on people healthy, and analyzed the fast food and fast food culture.

Outline

Ⅰ

< br>.

Introduction

Ⅱ

. Brief History of American Fast Food

A. The Origin of Fast Food

B. Famous Brands of Fast Food

1.

McDonald

‘

s

2. KFC

Ⅲ

. The Development of Fast Food Industry

Ⅳ

.

Types and Culture of Fast Food

A. Types of Fast Food

B. Variants

C. Fast Food Culture

Ⅴ

. Double-Side Effects of Fast Food

A. Positive Effect

1. Development of Economy

2. Jobs and Labor Issues

3. Globalization

B. Negative Effect

1. Blood Pressure

2. Effects of Cholesterol

3. Effects of Trans Fat

4. Unhealthy Lifestyle

Ⅵ

. Conclusion

Analysis on Fast Food Culture and Its Double-side Effects to

the world from the Development of American Fast Food

Ⅰ

. Introduction

Fast

food

is becoming

more and

more popular around the

world these

years.

It

is estimated that

there are

more

than 100 branches of McDonald

‘

s

and KFC only

in

Beijing.

But

the

word

―

fast

food

‖

is

very

modern,

fashion,

and

hard

to

be

found

in

many

dictionaries

until

1955.

Such

a

conception

was

introduced

from

foreign

countries.

The

appearances

of

the

fast-food

arouse

a

new

thing

named

―

fast-food

culture

‖

, and also the debate about this culture by people.

In

the current

society, the

fast

food culture

has already developed to be a kind

of common culture which becomes a mainstream. Compare with dinner, the fast-food

is

a

seasoning,

a

new

current.

As

if

eating

becomes

an

burden

while

the

speed

of

people

‘

s daily lives running faster and faster, thus the fast- food becomes very popular

to the people who worked day and night.

Living

in a so

fast-paced

life

nearly almost

no

time to

spare,

it

is obvious that

people

are

paying

little

attention

to

the

importance

of

have

a

healthy

life .one

of

which is hygienic nutritious food. Burgers, pizza, fried stuff with cheese, French fries

and

all

such

food

items

which

can

be

prepared

and

served

quickly

are

named

as

fast-food

and

have

a

large

group

of

consumers

from

all

age

groups.

Fast

food

is

basically

on-the-go

food,

quickly

made,

and

served

within

minutes

for

the

people

who

lead

fast- paced

lives. Fast

food

joints and kiosks easy spots

for people to

either

have their fast food or just get their take-away meals while on their way to work or go

to school. Today

, many people eat fast food instead of home made food. The reason is

that fast food is fast, cheap and convenient. From the terms of age, not only the young

people

eat

fast

food,

but

also

the

middle- aged

or

some

elderly;

from

a

gender

perspective, not only men eat fast food, but also women; from the class point of view,

not

only

the

poor,

but

also

middle-level

white-collar

workers,

as

well

as

high-level

officials. In a word, fast food is very popular for nearly all the people.

1

On the one

hand,

fast-food

industry can

not only

improve the development of

economic,

but

also

provide

jobs

for

people.

It

provides

a

large

profit

for

the

government. On the other

hand,

the emergence of

fast

food

has a

negative

effect on

the environment and

human

health.

Because the French

fries are

fried by animal

fat

with

high

cholesterol,

it

ends

to

arouse

fat

and

risk

of

cardiovascular

disease.

Since

fast food has become a culture, it certainly influences the society and people

‘

s life. As

analysis

of

this

phenomenon

can

descry

that

the

purpose

of

the

U.S.

fast-food

production and

supply system

is

pursuit

of

―

efficiency and profits

‖

, although the

fast

food

operators

and

food

suppliers

have

made

a

fortune,

the

environment,

animals,

workers, consumers have to pay a heavy price. People can only stand

in the different

position to do a description of the facts and in hoping that to look on the fast food and

the fast food culture correctly.

Ⅱ

. Brief history of American fast food

A. The Origin of Fast Food

One

of

the

great

pioneers

of

the

fast

food

industry

was

a

man

named

Carl

Karcher.

He

was

a

farm

boy

who

grew

up

in

Ohio.

At

the

age

of

24,

he

moved

to

California,

working

at

his

uncle‘s

factory.

Like

most

Americans,

he wanted

to

work

hard and

have a

great

life. In 1939, Carl

wanted to

go

into business

for

himself a

nd

purchased a hot dog cart. He

began his ―curb service‖ of selling hot dogs on the street

to customers as

they drove

up

in

their cars. People did

not

want

to

have to

get out of

their

cars

to

eat

and

so

Carl‘s

business

flourished.

Within

five

months

after

Carl

bought the cart, he was able to buy a second one and continue his dream. Before long,

he opened a drive-in restaurant call

ed

―Carl‘s Drive

-

In Barbeque‖.

At this same time,

this

new

way

of

eating

in

one

‘

s

car

was

becoming

the

biggest

thing

ever.

It

was

considered really cool to go to a drive-in restaurant for a burger or hot dog. Waitresses

known as

―carhops‖

usually

dressed

very attractively delivered

the

food to each

car.

For

teenagers,

this

was

the

place

to

be

especially

for

guys.

And

form

then

on,

fast

food became more and more popular.

B. Famous Brands of Fast Food

2

1. McDonald

‘

s

Jesse

G.

Kirby,

the

founder

of

an

early

drive-

in

restaurant

chain

named

―Pig

Stand‖

in

Texas,

stated

―People

with

cars

are

so

lazy

they

don‘t

want

to

get

out

of

the

m to eat!‖

(

快餐历史，

2005). Even the rest of the United States was catching on to

this

―drive

-

in

fever‖.

Only

it

was

a

seasonal

thing

for

many

states

due

to

the

cold

weather in the winter.

During that time

，

two brothers named Richard and Maurice McDonald left their home

in New Hampshire and seeking jobs in southern California. At first they tried opening

a theater but

it was

not a success.

Then

they caught on

to the

new craze of eating

at

drive-in

restaurants

and

they

opened

one

in

1939,

in

Pasadena,

California,

calling

it

―McDonald‘s Famous Hamburgers‖.

In former, The McDonald brothers grew tired of

having

to

hire

new

carhops

and

short-order

cooks

all

the

time,

so

at

the

end

of

the

1940‘s,

they

f

ired

everyone

in

their

restaurant.

They

even

were

tired

of

replacing

glassware, dishes and silverware so they decided to close the restaurant and re-opened

with

a

―new‖

McDonald‘s,

one

that

did

not

use

any

dishes,

silverware

or

glasses.

Everything

switched

over

to

paper

and

plastic.

There

was

no

longer

a

need

for

short-order

cooks

as

each

employee

hired

only

had

to

learn

one

specific

task,

i.e.

make

the

French

fries

or

make

the

burgers

or

deliver

the

food,

etc.

Food

was

made

with

a

―Speed

Service

System‖

designed

by

the

McDonald

brothers

and

it

revolutionized the restaurant business. (

/

)

2. The Emergences and Expansion of KFC

KFC, shorted

from Kentucky Fried Chicken,

is a chain of

fast

food restaurants

based

in

Louisville,

Kentucky

.

KFC

has

been

a

wholly

owned

subsidiary

of

Yum

Brands

since

2002.

The

company

was

founded

as

Kentucky

Fried

Chicken

by

Colonel Harland Sanders

in 1952.

The

company adopted

the abbreviated

form of

its

name

in

1991.

Starting

in

April

2007,

the

company

began

using

its

original

appellation

of

Kentucky

Fried

Chicken

again

for

its

signage,

packaging

and

advertisements

in the United States as part of a

new

corporate re-branding program;

newer and remodeled restaurants will

have the

new

logo and

name while older stores

will continue to use the 1991 signage. Additionally, the company continues to use the

3

abbreviation KFC freely

in

its advertising. Internationally

the company

is still known

as KFC.

KFC primarily sells chicken

in

form of pieces, wraps, salads , sandwiches and

so on. While at first it is only focus on fried chicken. KFC also offers a line of roasted

chicken

products,

sides

and

desserts.

Outside

of

North

America,

KFC

offers

beef-based products

such as burgers or kebabs, pork-based products such as ribs and

other regional

fare.

The popularity and

novelty of KFC made

it

famous

and popular

throughout

the

world.

The

fast

food

like KFC

is

also developed

in

the

whole

world.

(

)

Ⅲ

. The Development of Fast Food Industry

There are several

reasons

for

fast

food popular. First,

it

is

very convenient and

saves a

lot of

time,

you just

go

into a

fast

food restaurant, order

your

food,

and

your

food

is ready there

in time. Second, you can either eat

it there or take

it away.

Third ,

the

environment

of

fast

food

restaurant

is

both

clean

and

comfortable.

Forth

it

has

excellent service, and the quality of food is guaranteed. However, it terns of nutrition,

it is usually not a balanced diet and low in nutrition value.

Most people think that it is the McDonald brothers who start the fast-food craze

in

America, but

in reality,

it

is the White Castle

hamburger chain

that actually

started

fast

food

history

in

America.

J.

Walter

Anderson

opened

the

first

White

Castle

in

1916

in Wichita, Kansas, and people

liked

the cheap

hamburgers,

fries, and colas

he

offered.

However,

fast-food

did

not

really

become

common

in

America

until

after

World

War

II,

when

Americans

first

began

to

fall

in

love

with

their

cars,

and

had

leisure time and more money to spend on eating out.

The

real

heroes

of

fast

food

history

in

America

are

Richard

and

Maurice

McDonald,

the

two

brothers

who

created

the

first

McDonald‘

s

restaurant

in

1948

in

San

Bernardino,

California.

They

wanted

their

restaurant

to

be

more

efficient

and

cost-effective, so they designed a simple menu in a small building without any tables,

so people

took

their

food

and ate

in their cars.

By 1953, the brothers

had decided to

franchise their

idea, and two

franchisees opened

in

Downey, California

and Phoenix,

4

Arizona.

As

the

McDonald‘

s

became

more

successful,

others

began

to

take

notice

and

copy

their

example

to

make

their

own

fast

food

history

in

America.

Keith

Cramer

started

an

operation

in

Florida

that

would

turn

into

Burger

King.

And

Ray

Kroc,

a

blender salesman,

was so impressed with McDonald‘

s that he asked the brothers if he

could sell

their

franchises. He opened his own McDonald

‘

s

in Des Plaines, Illinois

in

1954,

and

eventually

he

bought

out

the

brothers

and

became

the

owner

of

the

corporation.

Kroc

was

the

driv

ing

force

behind

the

food

chain‘

s

fantastic

growth

throughout

America

in

th

e

late

50s

and

early

60s.

Wendy‘

s

was

created

by

Dave

Thomas in Columbus, Ohio, where the first restaurant opened in 1962.

Becau

se of

this

―Speeder Service System‖

that

the

McDonald

Brothers created,

entrepreneurs

from all over

the country

went

to the

new McDonald‘s

in California to

see how the restaurant operated.

Then they went

home and built

imitation restaurants

of

their

own,

f

or

example,

Burger

King,

Taco

Bell,

Wendy‘s

Old

-Fashioned

Hamburgers,

Dunkin‘

Donuts,

Kentucky

Friend

Chicken

(KFC)

and

so

on.

The

number

of

new

restaurants

was

countless.

Even

Carl

Karcher,

the

man

who

began

with one hot dog cart, opened his own fast food

chain too, known as Carl Jr.‘s.

Today,

fast

food

chains

have

spread

all

around

the

world,

and

have

spread

American

culture

right

along

with

them.

There

are

many

more

popular

chains,

like

Carl's

Jr.,

Arby‘

s,

Domino's

and

Dairy

Queen,

indicating

that

fast

food

isn

‘

t

always

about

hamburgers.

In

fact,

pizza,

Chinese

food,

and

just

about

any

type

of

food

imaginable

are

now

available

for

take-out

at

fast- food

chains

across

the

globe.

Fast

food history in America is really the foundation of fast food as we know it today, and

that

history

has

made

millionaires out of

many of the people who

first stated

the

fast

food concept.

Ⅳ

. The Types and Culture of Fast Food

A. Types of Fast Food

Fast

food

is

food

cooked before

it

is

sell and kept

warm, or reheated

to order.

Many

fast-food

restaurants

are

part

of

restaurant

chains

and

standardized

foodstuffs

5