-
非谓语动词
一、非谓语动词的概念
非谓语形式有三种:
1.
动词不定式:
to
do
表示目的和将来
2
、动词的
ing(
动名词
) : doing
表示主动和进行
3.
动词
的过去分词:
done
表示被动和完成
二、非谓语动词的时态和语态
一般式
完成式
进行式
不定式
主动
to do
to have done
to
be doing
被动
to
be done
to have been
done
ing
形式
主动
doing
having done
被动
being done
having been done
过去分词
被动
done
三、非谓语动词的做题步骤:
p>
1
、判定是否用非谓语形式。方法:看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词
了。
2
、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。
方法:非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。
3
、判断主被动关系。方法:非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关
系。
4
、判断时间关系。方法:分析
句子,看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是
同时。之前常用
p>
done;
之后常用
to do;
同时常用
p>
doing
。
一、非谓语动词作主语和表语的比较
1
、不定式和动名词作主语和表语
:
1
)
.
不定式表示一次性的、具体的动词。
动词
ing
常表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的动作。如:
________ is a good form of exercise for
both young and old.
A. The walk
B.
Walking
C. To walk
D. Walk
2
)
.
不定式作主语时,常用
it
作形式主语,即用句型:
It is + adj. / n. + (for / of sb. ) to
do sth.
It’s important for
us to learn English well.
It’s kind of you to help
us.
注意:下面几个句型是用动名词:
It
’
s
no good / use doing sth.
There is no point
(
in
)
doing sth
2
p>
、不定式、动名词、分词作表语的比较
:
1
)
、不定式、动名词作表语,
.
表示主语的内容。如:
My job is teaching / to teach English.
(teaching / to teach English
是
my
job
的内容
)
Knowing
who we are means knowing what we like to
do.
(主,表语要用同一种形式)
2
)
、分词作表语:记住:一些表示情
感、情绪的动词,常用分词形式作表语。现在分词表示主语的
性质特征,用过去分词表示
主语的状态。常用动词:
surprise (
使某人吃惊
p>
)
,
surprising (
令人吃惊
)
,
surprised (
主语
)
感到吃惊)类似动词有:
excite (
激动
)
,<
/p>
astonish (
惊奇
)
,
shock (
震惊
)
,
scare
(
惊恐
)
,
disappoint (
失望
)
p>
,
move
(感动)
如:
The movie is exciting.
We are excited at the news.
3
)
、在
se
em / appear (
似乎,好像
)
,
prove
/ turn out (
被证明是
)
,
remain (
仍然是,尚待
)
等连系动
词后
,可用不定式作表语。
如:
He
seemed (to be ) very happy.
二、不定式、动名词作宾语的比较
1
、只能接不定式的动词:口诀:
<
/p>
决心学会想希望,拒绝设法愿假装。主动答应选计划,同意请求
帮
一帮
。
decied(determine),
learn,
want,
expect/hope/wish;
offer,promise,choose,plan;
agree,ask/beg,help.
refuse,manage,care,pretend;
2
、只能接动名词的动词:口诀:
<
/p>
考虑建议盼原谅,承认推迟没得想。避免错过继续练,否认完成就欣赏。禁止想象才冒险,
不禁介
意准逃亡。
consider,
suggest/advise,
look
forward
to,
excuse/pardon;
admit
,
delay, put
off,
fancy(
想象,设想
);
avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practise;
den
y, finish,
enjoy/appreciate;
forbid, imagine, risk;
can’t
help,
mind, allow/peremit,
escape
3
、接不定式和接动名词意义不同的动词:
remember to
do
记得去做
remember
doing
记得做过
;
forget to
do
忘记去做
forget doing
忘记做过
regret to do
遗憾去做
regret doing
后悔做过
try
to do
设法去做
try doing
试着做
,
go on to
do
做完某事接着做另一件事
go on doing
继续做同一件事
mean to
do
打算做
mean
doing
意味着做
stop to
do
停下来去做
stop
doing
停止做
cant help (to) do
不能帮助做
can’t help doing
忍不住做
如:
In some parts of London,
missing a bus means ____ for another hour.
A. waiting
B. to wait
C. wait
D. to be
waiting
4.<
/p>
表示未实现的愿望的动词
,
即表示本打算
,想做,但事实上没做。
这些动词
plan, intend, mean,
want, hope, wish, expect
,
用
had planned to
do sth. / planned to have
done
来表示。
注:
Would like / love
只用
would like to have done
如:
I
would love _____ to the party last night but I had
to work extra hours to finish the report.
A. to go
B. to have gone
C. going
D. having gone
5
、要接动名词的几个句型:
prevent
/
stop
/
keep
sb.
/
sth
from
doing
?
(
阻
止
?
做
)
how
about
/
what
about
doing
spend / waste time / money
in doing sth.
在?花费或浪费时间或钱
have some difficulty /
trouble /
problems( in
)doing
在做?
有困难
have a hard / good time in doing
做?
很艰难或做?很愉快
6
、含介词
to
的短语
:
look forward to
盼望,
devote
?
to
致力于、献身于,
be / get
used to
习惯于
lead to
导致,
get down to
着手做,
pay attention to
注意
refer to
谈到、所指、参考,
equal to
等于、能胜任,
belong to
属于
如
:
Mr Reed made up his mind to
devote all he had to ___ some school for poor
children.
up
g up
set up
D.
having set up
7.
动词不定式
but,other
than
后面时,如果介词前有行为动词
do
的某种形式,那么介词后的不定式不
带
< br>to
;否则带
to
(
即前有
do
后无
to
p>
)
如:
have no choice
but to do sth.
没有别的选择,只好做?
Eg
,
Sandy could do
nothing but ____ to his teacher that he was wrong.
A.
admit
B.
admitted
C.
admitting
D. to
admit
另外
,can’t
choose/help but(
只好
);
can’t
but(
只好
);
had better; would rather
后面的不定式也省
to
Eg, He
can’t choose but
stay on.
他没办法只好待下去
8
.
permit / allow
(
允许
)
,
forbid (
禁止
)
,
advise (
建议
)
,有两种用法:一是后接
动名词
,二是
后接
“
sb. + to do
sth
”
9
、
need, want, req
uire
“需要
”,
主语是物时
,need, want, require+
doing
(用动词
ing
主动形式表被动)
/
to be
don
e /
sb to be
done
be
worth(
值得
)
+
名词
/doing
be worthy+
to be
done/of being done
eg.
①
The window
needs/wants/requires
to be
cleaned/cleaning.
窗户需要擦一下。
②
The
place
is
worth
visiting.
=
The place
is
worthy
+ to be visited/of being visited.
三、不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语的比较
1
、
不定式作宾语补足语,
< br>如:
ask sb to do sth
(sb
作宾语,
to do sth<
/p>
作宾补,
宾语+宾补=复合宾语
)
类似动词有:
tell, want, encourage,
advise, order, require, force, beg, cause, allow,
permit, forbid
(禁止)
,
< br>warn
(
警告)
,
remind, teach, call on (
号召
)<
/p>
,
depend on (
指望
)
,
would like / love (
想要
)
,
pr
efer, wish, expect,
hope
(不带复
合宾语
)
注:
help sb (to) do sth.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
上一篇:合同范本之咨询服务合同中英文
下一篇:心理咨询英文对话