高一英语必修一课文原文及译文83829

学一直相处很好，我们常常一 起做家庭作业，

而且很乐意相互帮助。我们成了非常好的朋友。

可是，其他同学却开始在背后议论起来，他们

说我和这位男同学在谈恋爱，这使我很生气 。

我不想中断这段友谊，但是我又讨厌人家背后

说闲话。我该怎 么办呢

? Reading and writing

尊

敬的编辑：

我是苏州高中的一名

学生。我有一个 难题，我不太善于同人们交

际。虽然我的确试着去跟班上的同学交谈，但

5

是我还是发现很难跟他们成为好朋友。因此，< /p>

有时候我感到十分孤独。我确实想改变这种现

状，但是我却不知道 该怎么办。如果您能给我

提些建议，我会非常感激的。

Unit2

the Road to Modern English At the end of the 16th

century, about five to seven million people spoke

English. Nearly all of them lived in England. Later

in the next century, people from England made

voyages to conquer other parts of the world, and

because of that, English began to be spoken in

many other countries. Today, more people speak

English as their first, second or a foreign language

than ever before. Native English speakers can

6

understand each other even if they don’t speak the

same kind of English. Look at this example:

British Betty: Would you like to see my flat?

American Amy: Yes. I’d like to come up to you

apartment. So why has English changed over time?

Actually all languages change and develop when

cultures meet and communicate with each other.

At fist the English spoken in England between

about AD 450 and 1150 was very different from

the English spoken today. It was base more on

German than the English we speak at present.

Then gradually between about AD 500 and 1150,

English became less like German because those

who ruled England spoke first Danish and later

French. These new settlers enriched the English

language and especially its vocabulary. So by the

1600’s Shakespeare was able to make use of a

wider vocabulary than ever before. In 1620 some

British settlers moved to America. Later in the

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18th century some British people were taken to

Australia to. English began to be spoken in both

countries. Finally by the 19th century the language

was settled. At that time two big changes in

English spelling happened: first Samuel Johnson

wrote his dictionary and later Noah Webster wrote

The American Dictionary of the English language.

The latter gave a separate identity to American

English spelling. English now is also spoken as a

foreign or second language in South Asia. For

example, India has a very large number of fluent

English speakers because Britain ruled India from

1765 to 1947. During that time English became

the language for government and education.

English is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia

and countries in Africa such as South Africa.

Today the number of people learning English in

China is increasing rapidly. In fact, China may

have the largest number of English learners. Will

8

Chinese English develop its own identity? Only

time will tell.

第二单元

世界上的

英语

Reading

通向现代英语之路

16

世纪末

期大约有

5

百万到

7

百万人说英语，几乎所有

这些人都

生活在英国。后来，在

世纪英国人开

始航海征服了世界其它地区。于 是，许多别的

国家开始说英语了。如今说英语的人比以往任

何时 候都多，他们有的是作为第一语言来说，

有的是作为第二语言或外语。

< br>

以英语作为母语

的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同， 也可以

互相交流。请看以下例子：

英 国人贝蒂：

“

请

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到我的公寓

(flat)

?”

美国人艾米：

“

好的。我很乐意到你的公寓

(apartment )

去。

”

那么，英语在一段时间里为 什么会起变化呢

?

事实上，当不同文化互相交流渗透时，所有的

语言都会有所发展，有所变化。首先，在公元

450

1150

年间，人们所说的英语跟今天所

说的英语就很不一样。当时的英语更多地是以

德语为基础的，而现代 英语不是。然后，渐渐

地，大约在公元

800

< br>年到

1150

年期间，英语

不那 么像德语了。因为那时的英国的统治者起

初讲丹麦语后来讲法语。这些新的定居者大大< /p>

丰富了英语语言，特别是在词汇方面。所以到

17

世纪，莎士比亚所用的词汇量比以前任何时

期都大。在

1620

年，一些英国人搬迁到美洲

定居。后来，到了

19

世纪，有些英国人也被

送往澳大利亚，两个 国家的人都开始说英语了。

最后，到

20

世纪，英语才真正定形。那时，

英语在拼写上发生了两大变 化：首先，塞缪

尔

·

约翰逊编写了词典 ，后来，诺厄

·

韦伯斯特

10

编纂了《美国英语词典》，后者体现了美国英

语拼写的不同特色。

现在，英语在南亚也被当

作外语或第二语言来说。比如说，印度拥有众

多讲英语很流利的人，这 是因为英国于

1765

年到

1947< /p>

年统治过印度。在那期间，英语成

了官方语言和

< br>

教育用语。在新加坡、马 来西亚和非洲其

它国家，比如南非，人们也说英语。目前在

< /p>

中国学习英语的人数正在迅速增长。事实上，

中国可能拥有世界上 最多的英语学习者。中国

英语会发展出自己的特色吗

?

这只能由时间来

回答了。

Using Language

标准英语和方言

什么

是标准英语

?

是在英国、美国、加 拿大、澳大

利亚、印度、新西兰所说的英语吗

?

信不信由

你，

(

世界上

)

没有什么标准英语。许多人认为，

电视和收 音机里所说的就是标准英语，这是因

为在早期的电台节目里，人们期望新闻播音员

所说的英语是最好的英语。然而，在电视和收

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音机里，你也会听出人们在说话时的差异。

< br>当

人们用不同于

“

标准语言

”

的词语时，那就叫做

方言。美国英语有许 多方言，特别是中西部和

南部地区的方言，以及黑人和西班牙人的方言。

在美国有些地区，即使是相邻城镇的两个人所

说的语言都可能稍有不同。美国英 语之所以有

这么多的方言是因为美国人是来自世界各地的

缘故。

地理位置对方言的产生也有影响。住在

美国东部山区的一些人说着比较古老的英语方

言。当美国人从一个地方搬到另一个地方 时，

他们也就把他们的方言随着带去了。因此，美

国东南部山区 的人同美国西北部的人所说的方

言就几乎相同。美国是一个使用多种方言的大

能够辨别、理解彼此的方言。

Unit3

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Journey Down the Mekong My name is Wang

Kun. Ever since middle school, my sister Wang

Wei and I have dreamed about taking a great bike

trip. Two years ago she bought an expensive

mountain bike and then she persuaded me to buy

one. Last year, she visited our cousins, Dao Wei

and Yu Hang at their college if Kunming. They

are Dai and grew up in western Yunnan Province

near the Lancang River, the Chinese part of the

river that is called the Mekong River in other

countries. Wang Wei soon got time interested in

cycling too. After graduating from college, we

finally got the chance to take a bike trip. I asked

my sister, “Where are we going?” It was my sister

who first had the idea to cycle along the entire

Mekong River from where it begins to where it

ends. Now she is planning our schedule for the trip.

I am fond of my sister but she has one serious

shortcoming. She can be really stubborn. Although

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she didn’t know the best way of getting to places,

she insisted that she organize the trip properly.

Now I know that the proper way is always her way.

I kept asking her, “When are we leaving and when

are we coming back?” I asked her whether she had

looked at a map yet. Of course she hadn’t; my

sister doesn’t care about details. So I told her that

the source of the Mekong is in Qinghai Province.

She gave me a determined look -- the kind that

said she would not change her mind. When I told

her that our journey would begin at an altitude of

more than 5,000 meters, she seemed to be excited

about it. When I told her the air would be hard to

breathe and it would be very cold, she said it

would be an interesting experience. I know my

sister well. Once she has made up her mind,

nothing can change it. Finally, I had to give in.

Several months before our trip, Wang Wei and I

went to the library. We found a large atlas with

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good maps that showed details of world

geography. From the atlas we could see that the

Mekong River begins in a glacier to move quickly.

It becomes rapids as it passes through deep valleys,

traveling across western Yunnan Province.

Sometimes the river becomes a water fall and

enters wide valleys. We were both surprised to

learn that half of the river is in China. After it

leaves China and high altitude, the Mekong

becomes wide, brown and warm. As it enters

Southeast Asia, its pace slows. It makes wide

bends or meanders through low valleys to the

plains where rice grows. At last, the river delta

enters the South China Sea.

第三单元

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