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让每个人平等地提升自我
Lesson 2
Breakfast or
lunch?
单词讲解
关键句型
课文讲解
练习
复习
补充内容
一．单词讲解
New words
and expressions
until
prep.
直到
outside
adv.
外面
ring
（
rang
rung
）
v.
（铃、电话等）响
aunt
n.
姑、姨、婶、舅妈
repeat
v.
重复
★
1. until
prep.
直到。
。
。时候
till
直到（多用于口语）
eg. I
sometimes stay in bed until lunchtime.
有时候我一直躺倒吃午饭的时间。
The street is
full of cars from morning till/to night.
这条街上从早到晚的挤满了车辆。
conj.
直到。
。
。时候（后面加句子）
eg. I stayed in bed until he woke me
up.
直到他把我叫醒我一直躺在床上。
I
didn
’
t get up until he woke
me up.
直到他把我叫醒我才起床。
until
主句中动词为延续性动词时用
unt
il
not
…
until
主句中动词为非延续性动词时用
no
t
…
until
eg. I will wait for you until you come
back.
我会一直等到你回来。
I
won
’
t leave until you come
back.
直到你回来我是不会走的。
eg.
We stayed until the rain stopped.
我们一直等到雨停为止。
We
didn
’
t start until the rain
stopped.
直到雨停了我们才出发。
★
n./adj./adv./prep.
1) n.
eg.
the outside of the house
房子的外面
2) adj.
eg.
an outside toilet
户外的厕所
outside help
外来的帮助
3
）
adv.
eg.
It was dark
outside.
外面很黑。
Please wait outside.
请在外面等候。
Don
’
t go outside
because it
’
s too cold.
不要出去因为太冷了。
4
）
prep.
eg.
It
’
s
outside my business.
这不关我的事。
反义词：
inside
n./adj./adv./prep.
★
3. ring
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让每个人平等地提升自我
1) n.
环状物，
（尤指）戒指
a
wedding ring
婚戒
a diamond ring
钻戒
a
gold ring
dark rings
around her eyes
黑眼圈
ring
-
road
环状公路
ring finger
无名指
大拇指：
thumb
食指：
index finger; the first
finger; pointer
中指：
middle finger;
the second finger;
无名指：
ring finger;
the third ginger
小拇指：
little
finger;
pinkie
have a
ring on the middle finger
（
engaged
订婚）
have a ring
on the third finger
(married
已婚
)
2
）
v. (
铃，电话等
)
响
ring – rang – rung
eg.
The door bell rang just now.
刚刚门铃响了。
I rang the bell.
我按响了门铃。
Will you answer the phone
when it rings?
电话响的时候你去接电话好吗？
3
）
v. (=. call)
打电话
ring sb (up)
给某人打电话
=call sb (up) =
phone sb = telephone sb
give sb a phone
call
eg.
I
’
ll ring you later.
我会晚点给你打电话。
ring off: put
down the receiver; hang off
挂断电话
eg. He rang off
before I could explain.
我还没解释他就挂断电话了。
★
n.
姑，姨，婶，舅母
uncle
叔叔，舅舅，姨父，姑父
brother
sister
nephew
侄子，外甥
niece
侄女，外甥女
cousin
堂（表）兄弟姐妹
eg. a
country cousin
（贬）
乡下人，乡巴佬
★
v.
（
say or write
again, more than once
）
重复说，或写某事物，反复重申
eg.
“
I
’
m
having breakfast,
”
I
repeated.
我重复说：
“我正在吃早饭呢。
”
eg. I repeated the
question several times.
这个问题我重复了好几遍了。
eg.
Am I repeating myself?
我以前说过这件事情吗？
repetition
n.
重复，反复，重说，重写
learn
by repetition
通过反复学习
二．关键句型
Key structures
一般现在时和现在进行时的用法
----
一般现在时
动词构成：谓语动词使用动词原形；系动词为
am, is,
are
的形式。
主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词需有变化：
1
）直接加
“
s
”
；
gives
takes
asks
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让每个人平等地提升自我
2
）以辅音字母加“
y
”结尾的动词，变“
y
”为“
i<
/p>
”
，再加“
es
”
；
carry – carries
3
）以“
o, s, x, ch,
sh,
”结尾的动词加“
es
”
。
goes
dresses
watches
brushes
功能：
1
）表达习惯性，规律性的动作
eg. I never get
up early on Sundays.
星期天我从来都不早起。
I
sometimes stay in bed until lunchtime.
有时候我一直躺倒吃午饭的时间。
2
）表达现在的事实状态或动作
eg. We all like football.
我们都喜欢足球。
Birds fly.
鸟会飞。
This picture is
of great value.
这幅画具有极大的价值。
3
）表达客观真理，格言警句或事实
eg. The earth
moves round the sun.
地球绕着太阳转。
The
sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
太阳东升西落。
Two and two makes four.
二加二等于四。
Seeing is believing.
眼见为实。
经常搭配的副词：
often
sometimes
usually
always
every year
seldom
occasionally
frequently
副词的位置：通常放在实义动词之前，助动词之后。
eg. He doesn
’
t
always come by train.
他不总是坐火车来。
Do you ever
read in bed?
你在床上躺着看过书吗？
I never like
jazz.
我从来都不喜欢爵士乐。
He rarely gets
up before 10 o
’
clock.
在
10
点之前他很少起床。
We
frequently have lunch at this restaurant.
我们总在这家餐馆吃饭。
----
现在进行时
构成：
am / is /are +
doing
…
功能：
表示现在，目前正在做某事，正在进行的动作。
eg. It is raining.
正在下雨。
I am still
having breakfast.
我正在吃早饭。
What are you
doing?
你干吗呢？
We
are enjoying our lunch.
我们正在享用午餐。
表示现阶段正在进行的动作。
eg. We are studying English this
summer.
今年夏天我们在学英语。
He
is taking physics this semester.
这一学期他正在学物理。
可用进行时态来表示即将开始的动作
go
come
leave
arrive
land
meet
die
start
return
join
eg. I am
coming to see you.
我就来看你了。
The bus is
coming.
公共汽车就要来了。
The plane is
leaving for Shanghai.
飞机就要飞往上海了。
The old man is
very ill and he is dying.
这个老人病的非常严重，他现在就快要死了。
有些副词用在进行时中间，表示说话人带有感情色彩，如赞赏，厌恶等。
always
forever
continually
constantly
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eg.
He is always lying.
他总是在说谎。
You are
constantly complaining.
你总是在抱怨。
The girl is
always thinking of others.
这个女孩总是考虑别人。
The naughty boy
is continually making noises.
这个淘气的孩子总是在制造噪音。
下
列表示状态，感觉，情绪，精神活动的动词不用于进行时态。用一般现在时。
Believe
doubt
see
hear
know
understand
belong
to
think
consider
feel
look
seem
show
mind
have
sound
taste
require
possess
care
like
hate
love
detest
desire
现在进行时通常搭配以下副词
now
at present
at this time
these days
----
Exercise A
1
．
I am looking
out of my window. I can see some children in the
street. The children ________
(play)
football. They always ________ (play) football in
the street. Now a little boy ________ (kick)
the ball. Anther boy ________ (run)
after him but he cannot catch him.
are playing
play
is
kicking
is running
2
．
I carried my
bags into the hall.
“What you
________ (do)?” my landlady asked.
“I ________ (leave), Mrs.
Lynch,” I answered.
“Why you ________ (leave)?” she asked.
“You have been here only a week.”
“A
week
is
too
long,
Mrs. Lynch,”
I
said. “There
are
too
many
rules
in
this
house.
My
friends
never
________ (come) to visit me. Dinner is always at
seven o’clock, so I frequently ________
(go) to bed hungry. You don’t like
noise, so I rarely ________ (listen) to the radio.
The heating
doesn’t work, so I always
________ (feel) cold. This is a terrible place for
a man like me. Goodbye,
Mrs. Lynch.”
Landlady
女房东
are you doing
am leaving
are
you leaving
come
go
listen
feel
----
Exercise
B
My friends never come to
visit me.
I frequently go to
bed hungry.
I rarely listen
to the radio.
I always feel
cold.
I never get up early
on Sundays.
I sometimes stay
in bed until lunchtime.
She
answers my letters. (rarely)
She rarely answers my
letters.
We work after six
o’clock. (never)
We never
work after six o’clock.
The
shops close on Saturday afternoons.
(always)
The shops always
close on Saturday afternoons.
Do you go to work by car?
(always)
Do you always go to
work by car?
Our teacher
collects our exercise books.
(frequently)
Our teacher
frequently collects our exercise books.
We spend our holidays abroad.
(sometimes)
4