景观分析工具：arcgis中patch analysis模块

和斑块

B

）。相反，如果

8N -

使用对角线被选中的搜索将包括每个像素的

四边和 对角线上的每个像素，

或每个周围的像素，

因此八个邻居。

在这个例子中，

如使用

8N -

使用对角线法定义则将只有一个包括所有白色像素的单独斑块。

The difference between 4N and 8N is the number of neighbours (N) used

in clumping contiguous pixels. For instance, in the example below, two

patches are present, A and B (white cells). If 4N - Use Orthogonals is

selected, a search around

each pixel will include

the four sides

of each

pixel. If a pixel with the same value is found on any of the four sides

of pixel, the two pixels will be clumped together. In the example below

there are two distinct patches when the 4N - Use Orthogonals method is

used

(Patch

A

and

Patch

B).

In

contrast,

if

8N

-

Use

Diagonals

is

selected

the searches will include

the four sides

of each pixel

and the diagonals

of

each

pixel,

or

each

surrounding

pixel,

hence

eight

neighbours.

In

the

example, only one discrete patch would be defined using the 8N - Use

Diagonals method, and it would include all the white pixels

解散栅格的步骤：

To dissolve a raster (grid):

Select the desired raster (grid) to dissolve from the ArcMap table of

contents.

1.

Choose

Create Patch Theme from Grid

from the Patch Grid menu .

2.

Choose the field to clump by and then click

OK

.

1.

Select the Clumping Method (4N - Use orthogonals or 8N - Use

Diagonals) and then click

OK

and the tool will execute. For more

information on Clumping Method refer to

Create Patch Theme from

Grid

.

叠加（合并）栅格

Intersect (Combine) Grids

< /p>

相交

（合并）

栅格允许用户对栅格图层进 行叠加，

尤其适用于叠加六边形

图层（在斑块图层被转换为栅格 格式后）。

Intersect

(Combine)

Grids

allows

users

to

intersect

raster

(grid)

layers

(themes),

and

is

especially

useful

to

intersect

the

hexagon

layer

(theme)

(once

its

been

converted

to

raster

(grid)

format)

with

a specified patch layer (theme).

叠加（合并）栅格教程

Intersect (Combine) Grids Tutorial

1.

Intersecting grids is often the first step for Analysis by

Regions.

To

combine

to

raster

(grid)

layers

(themes)

into

one

layer (theme) select

Intersect (Combine) Grids

from

the Patch Grid Menu.

2.

Choose the first raster (grid) from the pull down menu of

available layers (themes) and click

OK

.

3.

Choose the second raster (grid) from the pull down menu of

remaining available layers (themes) and click

OK

.

4.

The

user

will

then

be

prompted

for

a

name

and

location

of

the

new

layer

(theme)

that

will

be

created.

Once

that

is

done

and

the user clicks

Save

the rasters (grids) will be combined.

将栅格剪辑为多边形主题

Clip Grids to Polygon Theme

此功能将栅格（网格）剪辑为一个多边形图层（主题）。它不同于其他

< br>arcgis

中你可以找到的类似程序，

将新栅格的大小

以剪辑的多边形图层

大小来定义。其 结果是栅格文件占用的空间被大幅度减小，尤其是是由

Fragstats

导出的栅格文件。

使用此功能可能会解决遇到

Fr agstats

引擎

输入栅格数据文件的大小限制发生的诸如< /p>

输出文件未找到

或其他

Fragstats

错误。

This

function

will

clip

a

raster

(grid)

to

a

polygon

layer

(theme).

It differs from other similar procedures you might find in ArcGIS

in that the extents of the new grid is defined by the extents of

the clip polygon theme. This results in a considerable reduction

in

the

size

of

the

grid,

and

especially

the

exported

grid

file

that

is used by Fragstats. Using this function may resolve many of of

the

encountered,

as

the

Fragstats

engine

is

limited

by

the

size

of

the

input raster data file.

剪辑栅格为多边形教程

Clip Grids to Polygon Theme Tutorial

5.

To

clip

a

raster

(grid)

to

a

polygon

layer

(theme)

select

Clip

Grids

to

Polygon

Theme

from

the Patch

Grid

Menu.

A

dialog

box

with

a

pull-down

menu

containing

all

available

raster

(grid)

layers (themes) (i.e. on the current map) will open.

6.

Choose

the

raster

(grid)

layer

(theme)

that

is

to

be

clipped

and click

OK

. The next dialog box to appear will contain a

list

of

all

possible

polygon

layers

(themes)

that

can

be

used

to clip the raster (grid). Choose one and click

OK

.

7.

The

user

will

then

be

prompted

for

a

name

and

a

location

(drive

path) for the new layer (theme) to be saved. Once the file

name is entered and the user clicks

Save

, the tool will

execute and clip the raster (grid) to the polygon layer

(theme)

。

空间分析（

fragstats

界面）

Spatial Statistics (FragStats Interface)

从

patch grid

菜单选择

Spatial Statistics (FragStats Interface)

菜单项打开界面。

Selecting

Spatial Statistics (FragStats Interface)

from

the Patch

Grid

menu brings

up

the

Statistics

dialog

box.

点击

Run

按钮时，

选定的 栅格将输出到系统临时目录，

于是产生一个参数

列表，

Fragstats

执行，然后生成的文件

f rag_

，

frag_

和

frag_

。

这些临时的文本文件将被删除补丁电网 与未来的执行，

因此，如果你想保

留 原来的

Fragstats

输出，重命名文件是必要的。

When

Run

is clicked, the selected grid is exported to the system

temporary directory, whereupon a parameter list is generated,

Fragstats is executed, and then the files frag_,

frag_,

and

frag_

are

generated.

These

temporary

text

files

are

removed

with

the

next

execution

of

Patch

Grid,

therefore

renaming the files is necessary if you wish to keep the original

Fragstats output.

ArcGIS

中，并在用户指 定的位置（如果输出表的名

称和位置都没有指定，

分析将无法运 行）

表中。

根据被用来运行栅格

（网

格）

图层的大小和计算机的速度，

它可能需要几分钟时间，

用户得到一个

消息 ，说输出已成功创建。输出表将无法显示，直到收到这个确认消息。

Statistics

from

these

are

read

into

ArcGIS,

and

presented

in

a

table

in the location

specified by

the

user (analysis will not run if an

output

table

name

and

location

are

not

specified).

Depending

on

the

speed of the computer being used to run Patch Grid and the size of

the raster (grid) layer (theme) being analyzed, it may take a few

minutes before the user gets a message saying that the output was

created successfully. The output table will not be available for

viewing until after this confirmation message is received.

以下是栅格数据空间统计的详细参数：

The

following

is

a

breakdown

of

the

Statistics

for

Grids

dialog box, one section at a time:

图层

Layers

这个图层窗口（左上 角），

ArcMap

图层列表中的数据会显示为可选择。

图层菜单中的每一个图层都可以作为分析数据。

但每运行一次只能分析 一

个图层。选择需分析的图层。

In

the

Layers

panel

(top

left),

the

layer(s)

(theme)

selected

from

ArcMap's

table

of

contents

will

appear.

Each

layer

(theme)

that

is

present

in

the

Layers

menu

can

be

analyzed;

however,

only

one

layer

(theme) can be analyzed at a time. Select the layer (theme) that

you wish to analyze.

类型

Class

类型框属性从选定图层的属性表中选择。

The

Class

box

allows

selection

of

the

class

field

from

the

selected

layer's

attribute

table

to

be

analyzed.

Both

character

and

numeric

classes can be analyzed.

分析

Analyze by

该参数用于 选择在景观还是类型尺度上的统计计算。

如图层需进行景观层

面 的分析，

将对无论属于哪种类型的斑块或者单个值的数据都进行统计并

< br>生成报告。

相反，

在类型层面的分析时，

统计结果只报告景观中每种类型

的情况。

The Analyze By option allows calculation of spatial statistics at

either

the

Landscape

or

Class

level.

If

the

layer

(theme)

is

being

analyzed at the landscape level, all patches, regardless of the

class they belong to, will be analyzed and a single value will be

reported for each statistic. In contrast, if the layer (theme) is

analyzed at the class level, the statistics will be reported for

each class within the landscape.

输出表格名称

Output Table Name

输出表的名称是输出表的名称

（和驱动器的路径）

，

将创建一个包含空间

统计。如果该表已经存在，附加

< br>/

覆盖选项将变为可用。默认是追加。

Output Table

Name

is the name (and

drive path) of

the output table

that

will

be

created

containing

the

spatial

statistics.

If

the

table

already

exists,

the

Append/Overwrite

options

become

available.

The

default is Append.

综合统计

General Statistics

< br>栅格板块分析提供了

6

大类统计项：

There

are

six

categories

of

statistics

available

in

the

Patch

Grid

Analyst:

8.

Area

面积

9.

Patch Density and Size Metrics

斑块密度和大小

Metrics

边缘

Metrics

形状

ity Metrics

多样性

Area Metrics

核心区

只需选择要计算的，并在空间统计输出表中报告的统计数据。选择

选择

所有

选 择所有的统计信息，

或选择

选择

无

，

以明确的选择。

某些统计

数字只适用于在景观水平。< /p>

同样，

某些统计数字只适用多边形层

（主 题）

。

对于统计的适用性（多边形或栅格）和缩写可参见统计摘 要（附注

1

）。

Simply

select

the

statistics

to

be

calculated

and

reported

in

the

spatial

statistics

output

table.

Choose

All

to

select

all

the statistics or choose

Certain statistics are only applicable at the landscape level.

Similarly,

certain

statistics

are

only

applicable

on

polygon

layers

(themes). For a listing of statistic applicability (polygon or

raster) and abbreviations refer to

Statistic Summary

.

Core Area

核心区

只适用于栅格数据的空间统计对话框中的核心区度量。

当要求对矢量图层

进行核心区分析时，用户必须首先从

patch

菜单建立核心区（创建一个

核心区图层）

，

然后把它当作一个正常的斑块图层的进行分析。

从空间统

计的对话中选择所需的统计项（即，平均斑块大小，等等），结

果将是

核心区的统计数据。

在创建核心区层

（主题）

时会有两个字段添加到图层

的属性表：

I

）的核心区面积