-
Lesson 1
1. For English is a
killer. It is English that has killed off Cumbric,
Cornish, Norn and Manx. There
are
still
parts
of
these
islands
where
sizeable
communities
speak
languages
that
were
there
before
English. Yet English is everywhere in everyday use
and understood by all or virtually all,
constituting
such
a
threat
to
the
three
remaining
Celtic
languages,
Irish,
Scottish
Gaelic,
and
Welsh... that their
long-term future must be considered... very
greatly at risk.
1
、因为英语是个杀手。
正是英语造成了康瑞克、康尼施、诺恩、曼科斯等语言的消亡。在
其中一部分岛上还有相当多的人使用在英语到来之前就已存在的语言。然而，英语在日常
生活中无处不在。所有的人或几乎所有的人都懂英语。英语对现存的凯尔特语——
爱尔兰
语、苏格兰盖尔语及威尔士语的威胁是如此之大，它们
的未来岌岌可危。
2.
He
also
associated
such
policies
with
a
prejudice
which
he
calls
linguisticism
(acondition
parallel to racism and sexism). As
Phillipson sees it, leading institutions and
individuals within the
predominantly
tolerated
—
and
certainly
have
not
opposed
—
the
hegemonic
spread
of
English,
a
spread
which
began some three centuries ago as
economic and colonial expansion.
2
、同时，他认为这些政策和他称之为语言歧视（和种族歧视、性别歧视的情况类似）的偏< p>
见密切相关。在菲利普森看来，在以白人英语为主导的世界，最重要的机
构和个人（有意
或无意地）鼓励或者至少是容忍了（肯定没有
反对）英语霸权主义式的传播。这种传播始
于三个世纪之前的经济及殖民扩张。
3. By and large, we now view them as
more or less benign, and often talk with
admiration and
appreciation
about
the
cultures
associated
with
them
and
what
they
have
given
to
the
world.
And it is fairly safe
to do this, because none of them now poses much of
a threat.
3
、总的来说，我们现在或多或少地把这
些语言看作有利的语言。在谈到与之相关的文化及
其为世界所
做的贡献时，我们常怀有崇敬与赞赏，而且这样做也没有太大的风险，因为这
些语言现在已不会构成什么威胁。
4.
Yet
many
people
see
English
as
a
blessing.
Let
me
leave
aside
here
the
obvious advantages
possessed by any world language, such
as a large communicative network, a strong
literary and
media complex, and a
powerful cultural and educational apparatus.
4
、然而，许多人把英语看成是一件幸事。在此，我暂且不谈任何世界语言
所具有的明显优
势，例如广泛的通信网，强大的文化传媒体系
，及强有力的文化教育机构。
5. English-
speaking South Africans of British descent were
not particularly strong in opposing the
apartheid regime, and the black
opposition, whose members had many languages, was
at first
weak and disorganized.
5
、讲英语的南非英国后裔并不强烈反对种族隔离政权，而黑人反对力量，其成
员讲多种语
言，在初期软弱无力且缺乏组织。
6. Such symbolism suggests that the
users of the world's lingua franca should seek to
benefit as
fully as possible from the
blessing and as far as possible avoid invoking the
curse.
6
、
这一象征表明这种
世界通用语的使用者应充分发掘这一幸事为我们带来的好处
,
同
时尽能
避免招来灾难。
Lesson 4
1. However, just as
exceeding the speed limit will, when traffic
police are performing properly,
lead to
a speeding ticket, so being interviewed for an
attractive career-entry position will, when
the interviewer knows what to look for,
lead directly or indirectly to the question
hire you?
1
、然而，正如如
果一个警察正确执法，超速就要吃罚单一样，面试一份吸引人的、进入某
一行业的职位的时候，如果面试官清楚地知道他们要找什么，就会直接或间接地问这样一
个问题：
“我们为什么要雇用你？”
2.
For
someone
wishing
to
begin
a
new
career,
the
prospects
are
starting
to
look
nasty
and
brutish,
and
the
immediate
picture
is
distinctly
short
of
jobs,
hours,
and
rewards
for
new
employees.
2
、对于那些
想要开始新的职业生涯的人来说，前途开始变得险恶和残酷，而直接的前景就
是工作少、时间短，给新员工的工资也减少。
3. Other students may find their
academic work difficult and demanding enough
without adding
the headache of
anticipating yet more demands.
3
、其他学生可能认为学业课程很难，要求很高，因此不想再费脑筋去预见那些更多的要求
了。
4. If you
are in a program with a variety of optional
courses, your knowledge of the job market's
demands will help you to make more
informed decisions.
4
、如果你的学习
计划包括许多不同学科的课程，那么你要是了解了就业市场的需求，就能
帮助你在获得更多信息的基础上做出抉择。
5. You may discover that it is quite
easy to gain insight into your field of interest
just by sounding
out your teachers.
5
、只要你让老师知道你的想法，你可能会非常容易地深入了解你感兴
趣的领域。
Lesson 6
1.
Mihaly
Csikszentmihalyi,
who
coined
the
term
flow,
which
adherents
of
positive
psychology
would use to describe the job-induced
highs, says that distinction is a false one.
enjoyable if the elements of flow are
present,
framework,
doing
a
seemingly
boring
job
can
be
a
source
of
greater fulfillment
than
one
ever
thought possible.
1
、
米哈里
奇凯因特米哈里认为这种
区分是错误的。
他发明了
“强感受”
(flow)
这个说法
,
信
奉正面心理学的人常用此词来描述
由工作而引发的兴奋状态。在《称心如意的工作》一书
中他写道
:
“只要存在强感受因素
,
任何事情都能给我们带来愉悦。根据这一观点
,
从事一
份表面看上去枯燥的工作却会
给人们带来想象不到的更大的成就感。
”
2. But neither the late 1990s boom nor
the subsequent bust had much impact in either
direction,
indicating that the state of
worker happiness goes much deeper than the swings
of the economy.
2
、但是
20
世纪
90
年代后期的经济繁荣和随之而来的经济萧条都没有对员工
的两种工作
态
度产生多大影啊
,
这表明工人在工作
中是否能获得快乐感有比经济形势更深层的原因。
3.
Martina Radix, 41, traded a high-pressure job as
an executive assistant at a company where she
liked her colleagues for a less taxing
position as a clerical worker in a law firm six
years ago. She
has more time and
flexibility but feels stifled by her co-workers
and unappreciated by her boss.
am a
misfit in that department,
to a bad
atmosphere at work, it takes away from
it.
3
、
41
岁的马丁娜
蕾迪克斯原是一家公司的经理助理
,
虽然工作压力大
,
但她和同事相处都
很好
;6
年前她换了工作
,
到一家律师事务所
成了一名职位相对清闲的办事员。
如今她时间多