-
X.
Proofreading and
error correction (17 passages)
Proofreading and error correction (10
marks)
Directions:
The following passage contains 10
errors. Each indicated line contains one error
only. In each case, only one word is
involved. You should proofread the passage
and correct it in the following manner:
For a wrong word, underline the wrong
word and write the correct one in
the
blank provided at the end of the line.
For a missing word, mark the position
of the missing word with a
“/
” sign
and
write the word you believe to be missing in the
blank provided at the end of
the line.
For an unnecessary word, cross the
unnecessary word with a slash “/” and
put the word in the blank provided at
the end of the line.
Your answer SHOULD
be put on the Answer Sheet.
Passage 2
Many of the
computing patterns used today in elementary
arithmetic.
Such
as
these
for
performing
long
[1]______
multiplications
and
divisions,
were
developed
so
late
as
the
[2]______
fifteenth century. Two reasons are
usually advanced to
account
for
this
tardy
development,
named,
the
mental
[3]______
difficulties and the physical
difficulties encountered in such
work.
The first of these, the mental
difficulties, must be
somewhat
discounted.
The
impression
which
the
ancient
[4]______
numeral systems are not amenable to
even the simplest
calculations
is
largely
based
on
lack
of
familiarity
to
these
[5]______
systems. It is clear that addition and
subtraction in a simple
grouping system
require only ability to count the number
symbols
of
per
kind
and
then
to
convert
to
higher
units.
No
[6]______
memorization of
number combinations is needed. In a
ciphered numeral system, if sufficient
addition and
memorization tables have
been memorized, the work can
proceed
much as we do it today.
The
physical
difficulties
encountered,
therefore,
were
[7]______
quite
real.
Without
a
plenty
and
convenient
supply
of
some
[8]______
suitable writing medium, any very
extended development
of
the
arithmetic
process
was
bound
to
being
hampered.
It
[9]______
must be remembered
that our common machine-made pulp
paper
is little more than a hundred years old. The older
rag
paper
was
made
in
hand
and
was
consequently
expensive
[10]_____
and scarce.
Answer
:
1. these: those
2. so: as
3. named: namely
4.
which: that
5. to: with
6. per:
each/every
7. therefore:
however
8. plenty: plentiful
9. being: be
10. in: by
Passage 3
It
is
indisputable
in
order
to
fulfill
its
many
functions,
water
[1]_____
should be clean and biologically
valuable. The costs
connected with the
provision of biologically valuable water
for food production with the
maintenance of sufficiently
clean
water,
however,
are
primarily
production
costs.
[2]_____
Purely
“
environmental
”
costs
seem
to
be
on
this
respect
[3]_____
only
costs connected with the safeguarding of cultural,
recreational and sports functions which
the water courses
and
reservoirs
fulfill
both
in
nature
and
in
humane
[4]_____
settlement.
The pollution problems of the
atmosphere resemble those
of the water
only partly. So far, the supply of air has not
been
deficient
like
was
the
case
with
water,
and
the
[5]_____
dimensions of the air-shed are so vast
that a number of
people
still
hold
the
opinion
that
air
needs
not
be
[6]_____
economized.
However, scientific forecasts have shown that
the
time
may
be
already
approaching
that
clear
and
[7]_____
biologically valuable air will become
problem No. 1.
Air
be
ubiquitous,
people
are
particularly
sensitive
about
[8]______
any reduction in
the quality of the atmosphere, the
increased contents of dust and gaseous
exhalations, and
particularly
about
the
presence
of
odors.
The
demand
on
[9]______
purity of
atmosphere, therefore, emanates much more from
the
population
itself
than
the
specific
sectors
of
the
national
[10]______
economy affected
by a polluted or even biologically
aggressive atmosphere.
Answer:
1. indisputable /:
that
2.
however: therefore
3. on: in
4. humane: human
5. like: as
6.
needs: need
7. that: when
8. be: being
9. on: for
10.
than /: from
Passage 4
During
the
1970
’
s,
a
grown
number
of
scientists
started
[1]______
wondering whether
solar activity might have a direct effect
in
the
earth
’
s
weather.
Research
had
indicated
a
general
[2]______
connection between the cycle of
sunspots and changes in
atmosphere
conditions on earth. Until recently, scientists
had
been
able
to
substantiate
the
link
with
hard
data.
[3]_____
Now
a
consensus
is
developing
which
there
is
a
statistical
[4]_____
correlation between
sunspots and climate changes. Sunspot
activity
had
been
tied
with
directional
changes
in
certain
[5]_____
stratospheric
(
同<
/p>
温
层
的
)
winds
at
equator.
When
the
[6]_____
winds are blowing westward and sunspot
activity is near an
11-year peak, the
southeastern United States has an
abnormal
cold
winter.
The
activity
also
seems
to
affect
the
[7]_____
track of the North
American jet stream and storms in the
North Atlantic Ocean.
As
far
the
data
has
withstood
the
tests
of
skeptics.
A
chief
[8]____
scientist of the
U.S. National Weather Service, whose
business is to subject statistical
correlation to vigorous
analysis, is
among the many converts to the new theory. He
believes
that
whether
the
correlation
occurred
by
chance,
it
[9]______
should have failed testing by now.
However, it passed with
flying colors,
causing meteorologists at the National
Weather
Service
react
with
guarded
optimism.
As
one
put
it,
[10]_____
“
it could be the difference
between a so-so forecast and a
pretty
good one.
”
Answer:
1. grown: growing
2. in: on
3. able: unable
4. which: that
5. with: to
6. at: above
7. abnormal:
abnormally
8. As: So
9. whether: if
10. / react: to
Passage 5
Despite
of
their
many
differences
of
temperament
and
of
literary
[1]_____
perspective,
Emerson, Thoreau, Hawthorne, Melville, and
Whitman share certain beliefs. Common
to all these writers is their
humanistic perspective. Its basic
premises are that humans are the
spiritual
center
of
the
universe
and
in
them
alone
is
the
clue
to
[2]_____
nature,
history,
and
ultimately
the
cosmos
themselves.
Without
[3]______
denying outright
the existence either of a deity or of brute
matter,
this
perspective
thus
rejects
them
as
exclusive
principles
of
[4]______
interpretation
and
prefers
to
explaining
humans
and
the
world
in
[5]_____
terms of humanity itself. This
preference is expressed most clearly
in
the Transcendentalist principle that the structure
of the universe
literally
duplicates
the
structure
of
the
individual
self;
however,
all
[6]_____
knowledge begins with self-knowledge.
This common perspective is almost
always universalized. Its
emphasis is
not upon the individual as a particular European
or
American,
while
upon
the
human
as
universal,
freed
from
the
[7]_____
accidents of times,
space, birth, and talent. Thus, for Emerson, the
“
American
scholar
”
turns
to
be
simply
“
Man
thinking
”
;
while,
for
[8]_____
Whitman, the
“
Song of
Myself
”
merges imperceptibly
into a song
of all the
“
children of
Adam,
”
where
“
every atom belonged to me
as good belongs to
you.
”
Also common to all five writers is the
belief that individual virtue and
happiness depend upon self-realization,
which, in turn, depends upon the
harmonious reconciliation of two
universal psychological tendencies: first,
the self-asserting impulse of the
individual to withdraw, to remain unique and
separate,
and
be
responsible
only
for
himself
or
herself
and
second,
the
[9]_____
self-transcending
impulse of the individual to embrace the whole
world in the
experience
of
a
single
moment
and
know
and
become
one
with
that
world.
[10]___
Answer:
1. despite of: delete of
2.
/ in them: that
3. themselves:
itself
4. thus: nevertheless
5. explaining: explain
6. however: therefore
7. while: but
8. turn /: out
9. for: to
10. / know: to
Passage 6
Hitler and his me
killed over 5,000,000 people because they were
Jewish or were not their definition of
“
normal
”
. The Ku Klux Klan
exist
today
and
openly
professes
its
hatred
towards
Jews
and
color
[1]______
people. Our society is riddled with
such hatred based upon
peoples’
beliefs
and
origins
and
it
seems
millions
are
fighting
each
other
in
no
[2]______
relevant reason at
all. I do believe that we can greatly reduce the
amount
of prejudice in our
world today, yet I do not think that it will ever
completely
go
away.
The
society
has
seemingly
come
to
accept
all
races,
[3]______
religions, and
genders, and supposedly has achieved political
correctness,
yet
there
will
forever
be
individuals
who
discriminated
based
upon
these
[4]_____
issues. These
individuals often form large groups that recruit
new members
to
enforce
their
hatred
of
those
with
certain
religion
or
skin
tone.
[5]_____
Obviously, no
one can tell those people that they cannot have
their
own
opinions
or
beliefs,
for
they
have
the
right
to
hate
whom
they
like.
[6]_____
However, I believe we need to raise our
children to accept all people, no
matter
god
they
do
or
do
not
believe
in
or
what
color
skin
they
may
[7]_____
have.
If children are raised around people who are not
the same as they
are,
then
they
will
most
likely
not
think
anything
different
from
people
[8]______
who do
not look the same as them or believe what they
believe. If we
raise
our
children
to
believe
all
people
are
equal
to
the
start,
then
[9]______