-
名词缩写
NMR: nuclear
magnetic resonance
核磁共振
M S:
mass
spectrometry
质谱法
USP: the United State Pharmacopoeia
美国药典
N F:
National Formulary
国家处方集
GC: gas chromatography
气相色谱法
HTS
high-throughput
screening
高通量筛选
NCE Novel
chemical entities
新化学试体
RNA
：
ribonucleic
acid
核糖核酸
DNA
：
deoxyribonucleic acid
脱氧核糖核酸
OTC: over-the-counter-
drugs
非处方药
SFDA: the state food and drug
administration
国家药品食品监督管理局
NDAs: new drug applications
新药申请
词素分析：
microbiology
微生物学
micro-
微，小
；
- biology
生物学
virology
病毒学
viro
-
病毒
,
毒；
-
ology
…
学
…
论
bacteriology
细菌学
bacteri
-
细菌
;
-ology
…
< br>学
…
论
biopolymers
生物聚合物
bio
-
生
...
，生物
...;
-
polymers
聚合物
streptomyces
链霉菌属
strepto
-
链
,
链霉；
-
myces
真菌学
,
霉菌学
polysaccharide
多糖
,
聚糖
poly-
聚合物
,
聚合体
;
-saccharide
糖
,
糖类
cytotoxic
细胞毒的
,
细胞毒性的
cyto
-
细胞；
-toxic
中毒的
,
毒物的
,
毒素的
phagocyte
吞噬细胞
phago
-
(
吞
)
噬
,
食；
-cyte
细胞
macrophage
巨噬细胞
macro
-
巨
,
大
,
长
,
宏观
;
-
phage
< br>噬
,
食
,
食?者
,
噬?者
hydrochlo
ric acid
盐酸
hydro
氢
chloric
氯
pro-
drug
前药
pro-
前
-drug
药
ADME
药物体内吸收过程
Absorption
吸收
distribution
分布
metabolism
代谢
elimination
排泄
动态的平衡：
dynamic
equilibrium
血浆：
blood
plasma
浆水：
plasma
water
不含蛋白质的血浆：
protein-free
plasma
内皮细胞：
endothelium
简化：
simplification
给药：
administered
排除：
elimination
递送：
delivery
静脉：
vein
动脉：
arterial
体循环
systemic
circulation
渗透：
permeation
配方：
formulations
生
物
膜
：
bio
logical
membranes
肝
门
循
环
：
hepat
ic
portal
circulation
溶解：
solution
体液：
biological
fluids
生物药剂学：
biopharmaceutics
生物利用度
bioavailability
胃肠道屏障
gastrointestinal barrier
分解
dissolution
合成：
synthesized
多巴胺：
dopamine
拮抗剂：
antagonists
抑制剂：
inhibitors
噻嗪类：
thiazide
灌注的器官：
perfused
organs
1
分子轮盘赌：
molecular
roulette
生化学：
biochemical
血液学：
hematological
生育能力：
effects on fertility
诱变：
mutagenicity
致癌：
carcinogenicity
离体组织：
isolated tissues
尽可能：
as
possible
急性：
acute
慢性：
chronic
亚细胞的：
subcellular
药效：
efficacy
提纯：
purified
levodopa
左旋多巴
angina
心绞痛
peptic
ulcer
消化性溃疡
teratogenic
致畸
mutagenicity
诱变
converting enzyme inhibitor
hypertension
转换酶抑制剂
the endocrine
and nervous system
内分泌和神经系统
the
endocrine and nervous systems
神经系统和内分泌系统
immune
system
免疫系统
coordinating
systems
调节系统
the cardiovascular system
心血管系统
the
respiratory system
呼吸系统
the digestive system
消化系统
the
reproductive system
生殖系统
organ
器官
component
成分
liver
肝脏
enzymes
酶
intestine
肠
titrant
滴定剂
Acetic acid
乙酸
sodium hydroxide solution
NaOH
溶液
quenching
抑制
quinine
奎宁
stoichiometry
化学计量学
manipulation
操作步骤
volume analysis
容量分析法
hydroxide
.
羟基
equilibrium constant
平衡常数
equivalence
point
平衡点
the titration
end point
滴定终点
gas chromatography
气相色谱法
copper
铜
gas-solid chromatography
气固色谱法
solute
溶质
gas-liquid chromatography
气液色谱法
volatility
挥发性
decomposition
分解
column
色谱柱
determination
测定
assay
分析
desired component
待测组分
alkali
碱
stearic acid
硬脂酸
magnesium
镁
potassium
biphthalate
领苯二甲酸氢钾
insert gas
惰性气体
column
色谱柱
gas
cylinder
气缸
compendium
提纲；摘要
specification
规格
specimen
样品
attribute
特质；属性
solubility
溶解度
melting point
熔点
boiling point
沸点
refractive index
折射率
spectral
properties
光谱性质
density
.
密度
2
interfering
substance
干扰组分
sensitivity
灵敏度
inert
.
惰性的
refractive
index
折射率
nonaqueous .
非水的
quantitatively
定量的
complexometric<
/p>
络合滴定的
standardize
标定
处方药
Prescription drugs
脉冲释放
pulse delivery one
交叉感染
cross infection
缓释
sustained-release
定量分析
quantitatively
analytical
副作用
side
effects
不良反应
adverse reaction
分析技术
analytical technique
体循环
systemic circulation
滴定分析
titrimetric analysis
分离技术
separation technique
新药研发
development of new drugs
OTC:over-the-
counter-drugs
非处方药
SFDA: the state food and drug
administration
国家药品食品监督管理局
NDAS: new drug application
新药申请
Physiology
心血管系统的组成：
< br>1
、
heart
心
2
、
blood
血液
3
、
blood
vessels
血管
心血管系统的作用（
the cardiovascular
system
）
:
Transport oxygen and nutrients from the
external environment to
the cells and
blood vessels.
右心室的功能：
the right ventricle
pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs where it
absorbs oxygen from the air
左心室的功能：
the left ventricle
pumps oxygenated blood returning from the lungs
to the rest of body to supply the
tissues
呼吸系统的作用（
the respiratory
system
）
:
⑴
The
energy
required
for
performing
the
various
activities
of
the
body is
ultimately derived from respiration.
⑵
the oxidation of
foodstuffs to release the energy they contain
⑶
excrete carbon dioxide
Firstly they are bounded by a limiting
membrane, the plasma membrane.
Secondly, they have the ability to
break down large molecules to smaller
ones to liberate energy for their
activities. Thirdly,at some point in their
life history, they possess a nucleus
which contains genetic information in
the from of deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA).
首先他们有界膜，
即细胞膜。
其次
,
他们能将大分子降解成较小的分子并释放放能量。
第三
,
他们拥有核包含遗传信息的从脱氧核糖核酸
(DNA)
。
3
The
activities
of
the
different
organ
systems
need
to
be
coordinated
and
regulated
so
that they act together to meet the needs of the
body.
所有器官系统的活动都需要协调和监管
,
使他们共同活动来满足身体的需要
.
Two
coordinating systems
have
evolved:
the
nervous
system
and
the
endocrine
system.
两个调节系统进化
:
神经系统和内分泌系统。
The
nervous
system
uses
electrical
signals
to
transmit
information
very
rapidly
to
specific
cells.
神经系统迅速使用电信号传输信息到特定的细胞
.
Thus the nerves pass electrical signals
to the skeletal muscles to control their
contraction.
因此
,
神经电信号传递以控制他们的骨骼肌收缩
.
The endocrine system secretes chemical
agents , hormones, which travel in the
bloodstream to the cells upon, which
they exert a regulatory effect.
内分泌系统分泌
化学物质，激素，其细胞通过血液递送至细胞发挥起调节作用。
The
immune
system
provides
the
body
’
s defenses
against
infection
both
by
killing
invading organisms and by eliminating
diseased or damaged cells.
免疫系统使身体通过杀死入
侵微生物
,
消除病变或受损的细胞来抵御感染。
The success of physiology in
explaining how organisms perform their daily tasks
is
based
on
the
notion
that
they
are
intricate
and
exquisite
machines
whose
operation
is governed by the laws of physics and
chemisty.
生命有机体是符合物理化学规律的复杂的、精细的机器（机制）<
/p>
。
Many
connective
tissues
have
relatively
few
cells
but
have
an
extensive
extracellular
matrix.
结缔组织中没有很多细胞，多由基质组成。
It has been
pretty well established that the increase in
strains of resistant to
an antibiotic
correlates direction with the duration and extent
of use of that
antibiotic in
a
given location .In
one
hospital
a
survey
showed
that
,before
erythromycin had been widely used there
,all strains ,of staphylococci taken from
patients and personnel were sensitive
to its action .When the hospital stared
extensive use of erythromycin,
however,resistant staphylococcus strains began to
appear.
现在我们已经很好的证实了细菌株对于抗生素
的抗药性增加与该抗生素在该地区的使用的
4
持续时间和程度是直接相关的。<
/p>
某医院的调查显示，
在红霉素广泛的运用之前，
< br>所有的病人
身上取出的葡萄球菌株对红霉素敏感，
然而，
当医院开始广泛运用红霉素以来，
耐药的葡萄
< br>球菌菌株开始出现了。
Unit Three
Microbiology
Text
A
The History
of Microbiology
掌握单词：
Polyamides
聚酰胺类
Biopolymers
生物聚合物
Polyesters
多酯类
Carrier
proteins
载体蛋白
Secondary metabolites
二级代谢产物
Vaccines
疫苗
A single-lens
microscope
单透镜显微镜
课文重点内容
：
1
、
Pasteur is most
famous for his series of experiments designed to
disprove the
then
widely
held
theory
of
spontaneous
generation,
thereby
solidifying
microbiology
’
s
identity
as
a
biological
science.
Pasteur
also
designed
methods
for
food preservation and
vaccines against several diseases such as anthrax,
fowl
cholera and rabies.
2
、
Koch is best
known
for his contributions to the germ
theory of
disease, proving
that
specific
diseases
were
caused
by
specific
pathogenic
developed a series of
criteria that have become known as the
Koch
’
s postulates.
3
、
It
was
Martinus
Beijierinck
’
s
development
of
enrichment
culturing
that
had
the
most
immediate
impact
on
microbiology
by
allowing
for
the
cultivation
of
a
wide
range
of
microbes with wildly different physiologies.
4
、
Probiotics
have been proven to help relieve symptoms of
lactose intolerance,
boost
the
immune
system,
and
prevent
diarrhea
and
colon
cancer.
Prebiotics
have
been
shown to relieve
constipation and diarrhea, and reduce the chance
of osteoporosis
and Type 2 diabetes.
Unit Four
Pharmacology
Text B
Adverse Drug
Reactions
掌握单词：
Side-effects=adverse-effects
副作用
Symptom
征状
Complication
并发症
Syndrome
综合病征
constitute
构成
pharmacological effect
药理学作用
therapeutic index
治疗指数
dosage
剂
量
disordered
紊
乱
的
analgesic
镇
痛
的
carcinogenesis
致
癌
的
源
头
5
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