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英语动词分类大全(附练习)

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2021-02-09 05:05
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2021年2月9日发(作者:vist)




英语动词分类大全(附练习)







一、什么是动词



动词是用来表示主语 做什么(即行为动词),或表示主语是


什么或怎么样(即状态动词)的词,例如:



The boy runs fast.


( 这个男孩跑得快。)


runs


表示主语的行为

< br>


He is a boy.


(他是个男孩。

< p>


is


与后面的表语


a boy


表示主语


的状态




二、动词的分类


< br>动词可以按照含义及它们在句中的作用分成四类,即行为动


词(也称实义动词)、 连系动词、助动词和情态动词。



(一)行为动词



行为动词(实义动词 )是表示行为、动作或状态的词。它的


词义完整,可以单独作谓语。例如:



I live in Beijing with my mother.


(我和我妈妈住在北京。



live< /p>





It has a round face.


(它有一张圆脸。)


ha s


,有







(二)连系动词



连系动词是表示主语



是什么





怎么样



的 词,


它虽有词义,


但不完整,所以不能单独作谓语,必须跟表语 一起构成合成


谓语,例如:



We are in Grade Two this year.


(今年我们在两年级。)< /p>


are





are


这个词的词义





在句子中常常不译出。



连系动词可具体分为三类:



1


、表示





的动词


be


。这个词在不同的主语后面和不同 的


时态中有不同的形式,


is



am



are



was



were



have/has been


等要特别予以注意。例如:



He is a teacher.


(他是个教师。)



He was a soldier two years ago.


(两年前他是个士兵。)



We are Chinese.


(我们是中国人。)



2


、表示



感觉


的词,如


look


(看起来),


feel


(觉得,摸起


来),


smell


(闻起来),


sound

< p>
(听起来),


taste


(尝起来)


等,例如:



She looked tired.


(她看一去很疲劳。)



I feel ill.


(我觉得不舒服。)



Cotton feels soft.


(棉花摸起来很软。)



The story sounds interesting.


(这个故事听起来很有趣。)



The flowers smell sweet.


(这些花闻起来很香。)







The mixture tasted horrible.


(这药水太难喝了。)


< br>3


、表示



< br>”




变成


的意思的词,如


become, get, grow, turn,


都解释为







变得



,例如:



She became a college student.


(她成了一名大学生。)



He feels sick. His face turns white.


(他感到不舒服,他的脸色


变苍白了。)



The weather gets warmer and the days get longer when spring


comes.


(春天来了,天气变得暖和些了,白天也变得较长些


了。)



He grew old.


(他老了。)



[


难点解释


]


注意区别以下一些动词的用法,它们既可以作为行为动词,


又可以作为连系动词。



1



look< /p>


看;看起来



He is looking at the picture.


(他正在看这图片。)行为动词



It looks beautiful.


(它看上去很美丽。)连系动词



2



fell


摸;感 觉



1



I felt someone touch my arm.


(我感到有人碰我的手臂。)


行为动词



Are you felling better today than before?


< p>
你今天比以前感到好


些了吗?)连系动词



3



smell


嗅; 闻起来







My little brother likes to smell the apple before he eats it.


(我的


小弟弟喜欢在吃苹果前闻一闻。)行为动词



Great! The flowers smell nice.

(这些花闻起来多香啊!)连系


动词


4



sound


弄响,发音;听起 来



The letter “h” in hour is not sounded.


(在


hour


这个词中字母


h


是不发音的。)行为动词


The gun sounded much closer.

< br>(枪声听起来更近了。)连系动



5



taste


辨味;尝起来



Please taste the soup.


(请尝一口汤。)行为动词



The soup tastes terrible.


(这汤 尝起来味道太差了。)连系动




6< /p>



get


得到,获得;变



There are some bananas on the table. Each of you can get one.


(桌上有些香蕉,你们每个人可以拿一个。)行为动词



7



grow


生长,种植;变



Do you grow rice in your country?


(你们的国家种水稻吗?)


行为动 词



It’s too late. It’s growing dark.


(太迟了,天渐渐变暗了。)连


系 动词



8



t urn


转动,翻动,使变得;变







The earth turns around the sun.



地球绕着太阳转。



行为动词



When spring comes, the trees turn green and the flowers come


out.


(春天 来了,树叶变经绿了,花儿开了。)连系动词



上述句子中的动 词如


grow



get



turn


等,


既可以作连系 动词,


又可以作行为动词。如何来辨别它们呢?有一个最简便的方


法,


即用连系动词


be


替换句子中的 这些动词,


句子仍然成立


就是连系动词;反之,不能替换的,就 是行为动词。例如:



The trees turn/are green when spring comes.


(春天来临,树叶


变绿。)



The earth rurns around the sun.


(地球绕着太阳转。)



这第二句句子中的


turn


是行为动词,意 为



转动



。 无法以


is


替换。



(三)助动词



这类词本身无词义,不 能单独作谓语,只能与主要动词一起


构成谓语,


表示不同的时态 、


语态、


表示句子的否定和疑问,


例如 :



He does not speak English well.


(他英语讲得不好。)



句 中的


does


是助动词,既表示一般现在时,又与


not


一起构


成否定形式。



A dog is running after a cat.


(一条狗正在追逐一只猫。)



句中的


is


是助动词,



run


的现在分词一起构成现在进行时。



Did he have any milk and bread for his breakfast ?


(他早餐喝牛






奶、吃面包吗?)



句中的

< p>
did


是助动词,既表示一般过去时,又和动词


h ave



起构成疑问。



(四)情态动词



这类词本身虽有意义 ,但不完整。它们表示说话人的能力、


说话人的语气或情态,




可能



、< /p>



应当



等。< /p>


这类动词有


can,


may, must, need, dare, could, might


等。


它们不能单独作谓语,


必须与行为动词(原形)一起作谓语,表示完整的意思, 例


如:



I can dance.


(我会跳舞。)


can,



,




He can’t walk because he is a baby.


(因为他是个婴儿,


不会走


路。)


can’t,



不必



May I come in


?(我可以进来吗?)


may,


可以




第二节



及物动词与不及物动词



行为动词(即 实义动词)按其是否需要宾语,可以分为及物


动词和不及物动词。




一、及物动词



后面必须跟宾语,意思才完整,例如:



Give me some ink, please.


(请给我一些墨水。)







If you have any questions, you can raise your hands.


(如果你们


有问题,你们 可以举手,。)




二、不及物动词



后面不能跟宾语,意 思已完整。不及物动词有时可以加上副


词或介词,构成短语动词,相当于一个及物动词。 例如:



He works hard.


(他工作努力。)



Jack jruns faster than Mike.


(杰克跑步比迈克要快些。)



Please look at the blackboard and listen to me.


(请看黑板,听


我说。)



He got and “A” this time because he went over his lessons


carefully.


(这次他得了个


“A”


,因为他仔细地复习了功课。)



[


难点解释


]


1


、许多动词可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词,他阅


读 中必须仔细体会和区别,例如:



Who is going to speak at the meeting?


(谁打算在会上发言?)


speak,


不及物动词



Few people outside China speak Chinese.


(在中国外很少人讲


汉语。)


speak,


及物动词

< p>


2


、要特别注意有些动词英汉之间的差异。某些 词在英语中


是不及物的,而在汉语中却是及物的。有时则相反。例如:

< br>






He is waiting for you.


(他在等你。)



英语


wait


为不及物动词,汉语





为及物动词。



Serve the people.


(为人民服务。)



英 语


serve


为及物动词,汉语



服务



为不及物动词。



Exercise


1


指出下列各句中划线部分是什么动词,并说明词义,例如:



All of us study hard.



vi.


学习)



1



He began to work at seven this morning.






2



I have left the key at home.






3



We must take the old woman to the hospital at once.






4



Billy felt very sad when he heard the bad news.






5



Think it over, and you will have a good idea.






6



Don’t think of yourself



think of others.






7



We are college students now, but we were at the factory two


years ago.






8



Mr. Black got angry when he saw Jenny come to school late


again.






9



Please wash your hands before each meal.






10



Li Ming often works for the wall-newspaper after school.







Exercise


2


区别下列多组句子中的动作,指出下列划线动词是连系动词






还是行为动词,并写出词义:



1



She looks well.







She tried to look at the blackboard but waw nothing.






2



The students felt unhappy.







I felt someone touch my back.






3



It was snowing hard when he got to the city.







It’s too late. It’s


getting darker and darker.






4



The teacher asked the student to turn it over.







The leaves of the trees turn green when sping comes.






5



The young trees grow fast.







It began to grow dark.






6



The bell sounded


at 12 o’clock for lunch.







The music sounds nice.







第三节



持续动词与瞬间动词



英语的行为动词 有持续性动词和瞬间性动词之分,使用中应


注意两者的区别。




一、持续性动词


< br>表示一个动作可以持续一段时间或更长时间。常见的有


study, play, do, read, learn, drive, write, clean, slean, sleep,






speak, talk, wait, fly, stay, write, sit, stand, lie, keep


等。




二、瞬间性动词



表示一个动作发生在 一瞬间,非常短暂。亦称终止性动词。


常见的有


begin, start, finish, go, come, leave, find, get up,


arrive, reach, get to, enter, hear, stop, open, close, become, buy,


borrow, lend, happen, join, lose, renew, die, take away, put up,


set out, put on, get on/off


等。



以上已集中了初中教材的大部分持续性动词及瞬间性动词。




三、用法



1


、以上两类动词都能用于现在完成时,表示动作到现在为


止已 结束,例如:



He has studied English for three years.


(他学英语已有

< br>3


年了。




He has joined the Party.


(他已入党了。)



Mum isn’t at home. She has gone to the libr


ary.


(妈妈不在家,


她去 图书馆了。)



2


、持续性动词在完成 时中能与表示持续一段时间的状语连


用,而瞬间性动词则不能。例如:

< br>


His parents talked with the teacher for half an hour.


(他的父母


跟老师谈了半 个小时。)




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