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中国传统文化英语表达法(四级)

作者:高考题库网
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2021-02-09 11:25
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2021年2月9日发(作者:爱霸词典)


.



中国传统节日


Traditional Chinese Festivals




The Spring Festival


春节



The Chinese Spring Festival falls on the very first day of the Chinese Lunar year


. The celebration of


the Spring Festival, otherwise known as the Chinese New Year, starts from the first day of the first


lunar


month


and


ends


on


the


Lantern


Festival,


that


is,


the


fifteenth


of


the


month.


T


he


Spring


Festival to the Chinese is what Christmas to the Westerners


(


中国人过春节相当于西方人过圣诞



).




The Spring Festival Eve


除夕



The Spring Festival Eve


, or the Chinese New Year’s Eve, is call the


Danian Sanshi



(大年三十)


in


Chinese. It is a time of jubilance, with eyeful of Spring Festival couplets, earful of loud firecrackers,


and the kitchen full of yummy stuff cooking on the stove. Wherever they are, people will hurry


back home for their family reunion on the eve.




The Spring Festival Eve Dinner


年夜饭



The Spring Festival Eve Dinner is known as the Dinner of Reunion


.


On the Eve, children away from


home will all come back to enjoy a tableful of delicacies together with their parents


. People in the


north


prefer


jiaozi


,


the


southerners


like


tangyuan


,


sweet


round


dumplings


to


indicate


family


reunion


, and


niangao


, which means “


going higher and higher in the coming year


”.




Spring Festival Couples


贴春联



It has been a tradition for the Chinese to paste Spring Festival couples on the doors during the


Festival


. Words of auspiciousness are written in the couples, which are called


duilian


对联


, or the


Pair Couplets, b


ecause the words on both couplets should be equal in number, parallel in form,


and attuned in meaning


. Sometimes people also paste a


hengpi


横批


, a horizontal scroll bearing


an inscription, above the couples.




Gift Money


压岁钱



On the festive occasion, young children will pay New Year calls on and express their best wishes to


their elders who, in return, will offer them yasuiqian


压岁钱


, money given to children as a Spring


Festival gift.



The money is usually wrapped up in red paper



a symbol of good fortune.




Setting off firecrackers


放鞭炮



Part of the Spring Festival celebration is to


set off firecracker


,


which is meant to add joy to the


festivity


.


People


wish


that,


by


setting


off


firecrackers,


good


luck


would


come


to


them


in


the


coming year.




Paying New Year Calls


拜年



The Spring Festival is also a time to pay festive visits and say good wishes to one another among


relatives, friends and neighbours.



.


.



Vising Temple Fairs


赶庙会



During the Festival, people visit temple fairs, where an assortment of entertaining performances


takes place, including Yandko



秧歌



(a rirual folk dance popular in north China),


acrobatics


(杂

< br>技)



and folk art shows


. Varieties of snacks and commodity exchanges


(商品交易)


are also the


integral parts of the fair.




The Lantern Festival


元宵节



The 15


th


day of the first lunar month is the Chinese Lantern Festival,


which coincides with the first


full-moon night of the year


(


这一天正好是新年的第一个月圆之夜


). The major activities of the


day include


watching painted lanterns


,


solving riddles


,


setting off fireworks


, and eating


yuanxiao


元宵


(sweet dumplings) made of


glutinous


[


?


glu:tin


?


s](


粘的,胶装的


)


rice flour



(糯米面,糯米


粉)


.



Eating Yuanxiao


吃元宵



Eating


yuanxiao



元宵


on the day of the Lantern Festival symbolizes


family reunion and happiness


.


Yuanxiao are made with glutinous rice flour dough, stuffed with a variety of food such as red bean


paste, sesame, mixed nutlets with sugar. Minced meat is another favored flavor


(


元宵用糯 米粉包


馅制成,


馅儿有豆沙、


芝麻、< /p>


各类果仁加白糖,


还有肉糜馅等


). In southern China, people also


eat


tangyuan


汤圆


(like


yuanxiao


元宵


).



Watching Painted Lanterns


赏花灯



On the night of the Lantern Festival, lines of painted lanterns are hung around the courtyard and


along both sides of the street.


The colorful lights against the full moon create quite a visual feast


for people to enjoy


(


人们观灯赏月,其乐融融


).



Solving Lantern Riddles


猜灯谜



Solving riddles written or printed on lanterns is another way of entertaining visitors on the night.



The Dragon Boat Festival


端午节



The Chinese Dragon Boat Festival falls on the fifth day of the fifth month on the Chinese Lunar


Calendar


. The story goes that the day is kept in memory of


the patriotic poet Qu Yuan



屈原


who


died more than 2000 years ago.


It’s also a day to pray for agricultural harvests as well as to drive


pestilences [


?


pes til


?


ns] away


(


同时也是人们祈求农业丰收,驱除瘟疫的节日


).



Qu Yuan (339BC?




278BC?)


屈原



Qu Yuan


屈原


,


a patriotic poet


of the Chu State


楚国


in ancient China, is greatly respected by


people of all times, for both


his fine poetry and noble character


. It was on the fifth day of the fifth


lunar month in the year 278 BC


after the falling of the Chu State


(楚国)



that Qu Yuan


(屈原)


gave his life to his beloved motherland by drowning himself in the river


(


因楚国国都失陷,屈原


悲愤地投江而死


).



.


.


Dragon Boat Racing


赛龙舟



The dragon boat is made of wood, with mythical dragon head and dragon tail decorations on it.


Dragon boat racing


originally showed people’


s wish to rescue Qu Yuan


(屈原)


from drowning, and


gradually became a popular competitive mass sport


(


赛龙舟最初是表达屈原投江后,人们 寻救


他的迫切心情,后来逐渐成为端午节流行的一项民间体育竞技活动

< br>).



Eating Zongzi


吃粽子



Legend has it that


in order to keep the fish away from eating Q


u Yuan’s body, people would throw


rice wrapped in bamboo or reed [ri:d]


(芦苇)



leaves into the water to feed the fish.



That’s how


the tradition of eating zongzi


粽子


(rice dumplings wrapped in leaves) around the Dragon Boat


Festival started. A zongzi


(粽子)


is usually made in the shape of a triangular or square lump (



子外形为三角形或四角形


),


wrapped


in


large


bamboo


leaves


.


The


ingredients


are


mostly


glutinous rice, beans, Chinese dates, or pork


.



Hanging Moxa


挂艾蒿



Moxa


leaves


are


hung


in


front


of


every


household


during


the


Dragon


Boat


Festival


in


order


to


expel


[


?


k'sp


?


l]


(驱逐)



evil spirits and to relieve people’s internal heat or fever


(


驱邪解毒


). The


sweet scent of the herb, however, can also repel flies and mosquitoes, and


purify the air


around


the house.




The Moon Festival


中秋节



The Moon Festival or the Mid-autumn Festival falls on the 15


th


of the eighth month of the Chinese


Lunar year


. It is also called the Festival of Family Reunion


团圆节


, as the full moon around that


time very well


symbolizes harvests and reunion


. It is a time for family members to get together


and


savour


['seiv


?


]


尽情享受


moon cakes as they admire the full moon


.



The Moon Cake


月饼



The Cake of Reunion


团圆饼



is another name for the moon cakes. Made by wheat flour dough


and stuffed with a wide variety, sweet or salty


,



moon cakes are both the must-eat food and major


gift items around the Moon Festival


(


月饼是中秋节人们互赠的主要礼品,也是 节日的重要食



).



The Doubl


e Ninth Festival


重阳节



Chongyang



重阳




the Double Ninth Festival, also known as the Senior Citizens’ Day


老人节


, is


on the ninth of the ninth lunar month.


As “nine” is regarded as a number of the Yang (positive or


masculine by nature in Chinese philosophy), two “nines” together makes a Chongyang, or Double


Yang


(< /p>


中国古人把九称为阳数,阳在中国哲学中属阳性,代表男性阳刚特质,所以九月九叫


做重阳


). On this day, people will go climbing mountains, drinking, and admiring chrysanthemum


[kri's?nθ?


m


?


m]


菊花



flowers. More importantly, it’s a time for children to


show some tender


loving care to the seniors or to show filial


['f


?


l

< p>
?


?


l]


piety


['pa


?


?

< p>
t


?


]


for their parents


.



filial peity



顺,孝心)




.


.


Climbing the Heights to Keep Away Troubles


登高避灾



The Double Ninth Festival is in autumn, when


married women are supposed to observe the ritual


of visiting their parents


and taking them to do some mountain-climbing, so that they could enjoy


the seasonal beauty together.



Appreciating the Chrysanthemums


赏菊



The


chrysanthemums


are


in


full


blossom


at


this


time


of


the


year,


and


the


great


variety


of


the


flower has long been the object of admiration for the Chinese


(< /p>


品种繁多的菊花在秋日盛开,观


赏菊花是流传已久的节日风俗


).



Offering Sacrifices to the Goddess of the Sea


祭海神



The ninth of the ninth lunar month happens to be the day when Mazu


妈祖


, the Goddess of the


Sea,


ascended


to


the


heaven


.


Grand


ceremonies


are


held


for


her


on


the


day


in


China’s


coastal


cities including the Taiwan Region.



The God of Longevity


[l


?


n'd< /p>


?


ev


?


ti]



寿星老



the guardian of long- life


长寿的保护神






Chinese Tea


中国茶



In China, tea-drinking is part of the Chinese culture: Tea Culture.


To drink tea is not only a way of


life, it is also a custom


(


喝茶不仅是人们生活中的一种习惯,也是待客的一种习俗


). Teahouses


where tea-drinkers could also


socialize and entertain themselves


are all over the country.


Tea-sauteing


(


炒茶


), the important part of tea processing, determines the quality of the product.



The Home of Tea


茶叶的故乡



Processed tea leaves picked from tea trees become the tea we prepare with water and then drink


< p>
(


茶是一种植物,称茶树,它的芽叶经过加工就成了可供冲泡的茶叶


). Originally a product of


China, tea was exported to parts of Asia as early as some 1500 years ago, and it arrived in Europe


about 400 years ago.



Varieties of Tea


茶叶的品种



With


different


ways


of


processing,


tea


can


be


classified


into


such


varieties


as


green


tea


绿茶


,


black tea


红茶


, oolong tea



['u


?


l


?


?]


乌龙茶


, and


scented tea


花茶


, etc. and under each category,


there’re


different


brand


names


such


as


the


Xihu


Longjing



西湖龙井


(West


Lake


Longjing


Tea,


green tea produced in Hangzhou, Zhejiang


浙江杭州


),


Biluochun



碧螺春


(green tea, produced in


Jiangsu Prov.


江苏


).



Tea Ceremony


茶艺



In


the


Chinese


tea


culture,


there


are


certain


rituals


and


rules


to


follow,


either


at


the


stage


of


preparing, drinking or treating a guest


(


沏茶,敬茶,饮茶


). There’s also a set of criteria for the


quality of water, tea, and tea-making utensils.


.


.



中国书法绘画



Chinese calligraphy and painting


The Four Treasures of the Study


文房四宝



Wenfang



文房


refers to the study for a man of letters, and the tools and materials for calligraphy


and painting include


the writing brush, ink stick, ink slab and paper


(


笔、墨、纸、砚


), so they are


jointly


called


“the


four


treasures


of


the


study”.


In


addition


to


these,


there


may


also


be


other


accessories for calligraphy and painting in the study, such as brush pots, brush racks, ink boxes,


brush rinsing dishes, seals and seal boxes, ets


(


还 有笔筒、笔架、墨盒、笔洗、印章、印盒等多


种书法和绘画用品


).



The Writing Brush


毛笔



Writing brushes are the traditional writing tools in China, dating from 1600 BC to 1066 BC. The


point of the brush is usually made with hair from animal tails and the shaft of bamboo sticks.


The


sizes


of


writing


brushes


fall


into


three


types,


namely


large,


medium


and


small


for


writing


characters of different sizes respectively


(


根据书写字体大小不同,毛笔有大、中、小号


). There


are also larger ones called


Dou


brush


斗笔


or


Ti


brush


提笔


, and the largest one is called


Zha



brush


揸笔


.




The Ink Stick


墨(块)



In ancient China, people had to grind




[gra


?


nd]

磨碎,


碾碎)



the ink stick into ink liquid and then


dip the writing brush into it to write and paint. For grinding the ink stick, some fresh water should


be poured into the ink slab first, then,


grind the ink stick round in one direction


(


用墨块在砚台上


顺着一个方向研磨


), and gradually, the fresh water turn into ink liquid.




The Ink Slab




The ink slab, as a tool for grinding ink sticks and usually made of stone, is very important to an


ancient


man


of


letters


in


his


study.


The


most


famous


is


the


Duan



Ink


Slab


端砚


produced


in


Zhaoqing, Guangdong Province


广东肇庆


, which is called Duanzhou


端州


in ancient times.


This


kind


of


ink


slabs


has


a fine,


soft


and


smooth


texture


and


the


ink


liquid


ground


in


them


is


well


mixed and durable


(


端砚质地细密柔润,研出的墨汁均匀耐用


).


Ink slabs can also be engraved


with exquisite designs as treasures of art


(


砚台上还能雕出精美的花纹,成为艺术珍品


).



Traditional Chinese Paintings


中国画



As a traditional art in China, traditional Chinese paintings are created through special manners of


presentation and artistic principles, with writing brushes, ink, and pigment


(色素颜料)



which are


all unique to the Chinese


(


国画是中国传统的绘画艺术,


它用中国所独有的毛笔、


水墨、


颜料,


以特有的表现形式和艺术法则创作而成


).


They


can


be


classified,


according


to


subject


matter,


into landscape, flower-and-bird and figure paintings.



Landscape Paintings


山水画



Landscape paintings mainly depict natural scenery of mountains and rivers, which first came into


.

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