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人教版初中英语语法及练习题(特别实用)

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2021-02-09 11:28
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2021年2月9日发(作者:discuss)


初一至初三全程英语知识点总结及练习



初一年级(上)



【知识梳理】



I.


重点短语





1. Sit down


2. on duty


3. in English


4. have a seat


5. at home


6. look like


7. look at


8. have a look


9. come on


10. at work


11. at school


12. put on


13. look after


14. get up


15. go shopping




II.


重要句型





1. help sb. do sth.


2. What about



?


3. Let's do sth.


4. It's time to do sth.


5. It's time for




6. What's



? It is



/ It's




7. Where is



? It's



.


8. How old are you? I'm



.


9. What class are you in?



I'm in



.


10. Welcome to



.


11. What's < /p>



plus



? It's



.




12. I think




13. Who's this? This is



.


14. What can you see




I can see



.


15. There is (are)



.


16.


What


color


is


it


(are


they)?


It's


(They're)




17. Whose



is this? It's



.


18. What time is it? It's



.




III.


交际用语





1. Good morning, Miss/Mr



.


2. Hello! Hi!


3. Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you,


too.


4.


How


are


you?


I'm


fine,


thank


you/thanks. And you?


5. See you. See you later.


6. Thank you! You're welcome.


7. Goodbye! Bye!


8. What's your name? My name is



.


9. Here you are. This way, please.


10. Who's on duty today?


11. Let's do.


12. Let me see.




IV.


重要语法



1.


动词


be


的用法;



2.


人称代词和物主代词的用法;



3.


名词的单复数和所有格的用法;



4.


冠词的基本用法;



5. There be


句型的用法。




1



【名师讲解】



/on




在表示空间位置时,


in


表示在某个空间的范围以内,


on


表示在某一个物体的表面之上。



例如:


There is a bird in the tree.


树上有只鸟。


There is a picture on the wall.


墙上有张


图。



2. this/that/these/those


(1) this


常常用来指在时间、地点上更接近讲话人的人和事,


t hese



this


的复数形式。


that


常常用来指在时间、地点上离讲话人更远一点的人和事,< /p>


those



that

< br>的复数形式。例如:


You look in this box and I'll look in that one over there.


你看看这个盒 子,我去看那边的


那个盒子。



I want this car, not that car.


我想要这辆小汽车,不是那一辆。



Take these books to his room, please.


请把这些书拿到他房间去。



This is mine; that's yours.


这个是我的,那个是你的。



These are apples; those are oranges.


这些是苹果,那些是橘子。



(2)< /p>


在打电话的用语中,


this


常常指的是 我,


that


常常指的是对方。例如:



This is Mary speaking. Who's that?


我是玛丽。你是谁?



3. There be/ have


There be




,其确切含意为



某处 或某时存在某人或某物。



其结构是:


T here be +


某人


或某物



+


表示地点或时间的状语。


There be


后面的名词实际上是主语,


be


动词 的形式要


和主语在数上保持一致,


be


动词后面的名词是单数或不可数名词时用


is


,名词是复数时用


are


。例如:


(1) There is a big bottle of coke on the table.


桌上有一大瓶子可乐。



(2) There is a doll in the box.


那个盒子里有个娃娃。



(3) There are many apples on the tree.


那树上有许多苹果。



总之,


There


be


结构强调的是一种客观存在的





have


表示

< br>


拥有,占有,具有



,即:


某人有某物


(sb. have / has sth.)

< p>
。主语一般是名词或代词,与主语是所属关系。例如:



(4) I have two brothers and one sister.


我有两个兄弟,一个姐姐。



(5) That house has four rooms.


那所房子有四个房间。



4. look/ see/ watch



(1)look


表示“看、瞧”


,着 重指认真看,强调看的动作,表示有意识地注意看,但不一定看


到,以提醒对方注意。< /p>


,如:



Look! The children are playing computer games.


瞧!孩子们在玩电脑游戏。



Look! What's that over there?


看!那边那个是什么?



单独使用是不 及物动词,如强调看某人


/


物,其后接介词

at


,才能带宾语,如:



He's looking at me


。他正在看着我。



(2)see


强调“看”的结果,着重的是


look


这个动作的结果,意思是“看到”



see

是及物动



2



词,后面能直接跟宾语。如:



What can you see in the picture?


你能在图上看到什么?



Look at the blackboard. What did you see on it?


看黑板!你看到了什么?



(3 )watch


“观看,注视”


,侧重于场面,表示全神贯注地观 看、观察或注视某事务的活动,强


调过程,常用于“看电视、看足球、看演出”等。如:



Yesterday we watched a football match on TV.


昨天我们从电视上看了一场足球比赛。



4. put on/ / in



put on


意为“穿上,戴上”


。主 要指“穿上”这一动作


,


后面接表示服装、鞋帽的名词。



in


是介词,表示“穿着”强调状态。在句中可以做定语、标语和状语。如:



It's cold outside, put on your coat.


外面冷,穿上你的外衣。



He puts on his hat and goes out.



他戴上帽子,走了出去。



The woman in a white blouse is John's m other.


穿白色衬衣的那个妇女是


John


的妈妈。



5. house/ home/family


house


“房子”


,指居住的建筑物


;


Home:


“家”


,指一个人同家人 共同经常居住的地方


;


Family:



“家庭“,


“家庭成员”

< p>
。例如:


Please come to my house this afternoon.


今天


下午请到我家来。



He is not at home.


他不在家。


My family all get up early.


我们全家都起得很早。



6. fine, nice, good, well


四者 都可用作形容词表示





之意,但前三者既可作表语又可作定语,而后者仅用作表语。


主要区别在于:< /p>



(1) fine


指物时表示的是质量 上的



精细



,形 容人时表示的是



身体健康



,也



可以用来指




气晴朗



。例如:


Your parents are very fine.


你父母身体很健康。



That's a fine machine.


那是一台很好的机器


It's a fine day for a walk today.


今天是散步的


好时候。



(2)nice


主要侧重于人或物的外表,有

< br>


美好





漂亮



的意思,也可用于问候或赞扬别人 。



例如:


Lucy looks nice.


露西看上去很漂亮。


These coats are very nice.


那些裙子很好看。



Nice to meet you.


见到你很高兴。


It's very nice of you.


你真好。



(3)good


形容人时指



品德好


,形容物时指



质量好



,是表示人或物各方面都好的普通用语。


例如:


Her son is a good student.


她儿子是一个好学生。



The red car is very good.


那辆红色小汽车很好。



(4)wel l


只可用来形容人的



身体好

< p>


,但不能作定语,它也能用作副词作状语,多放在所修饰

< br>的动词之后。例如:


I'm very well, thanks.


我身体很好,谢谢。



My friends sing well.


我的朋友们歌唱得好。



【考点扫描】



中考考点在本单元主要集中在:



1.


动词


be


的用法;



3



2.


人称代词和物主代词的用法;



3.


名词的单复数和所有格的用法;



4.


冠词的基本用法;



5. There be


句型的用法。



6.


本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型;



7.


本单元学过的日常交际用语。



考试形式可以是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空、完成句子。





【中考范例】



1. (2004


年北京市中考试题


)




Mary, please show ________ your picture.





A. my



B. mine



C. I



D. me


【解析】答案:


D


。该题考查的是人称代词和物主代词的用法。本题中动词


show


后面跟双


宾语,空白处应填入人称代词的宾格


me


作宾语。



2. (2004


年上海市徐汇区中考试题


)




_________ orange on the desk is for you, Mike.





A. A





C. /



D. The


【解析】答案:


D


。该题考查的是冠词的基本用法。因为是特指课桌上的那个橘 子,所以用


定冠词


the


< p>


3. (2004


年哈尔滨市中考试题


)




---What _______ the number of the girls in your class?




---About twenty.




A. is



B. am



C. are



D. be


【解析】答案:


A


。该题考查的是动词


be


的用法和主谓一致。


the numbe r


作主语,应该是


单数第三人称,动词


be


变为


is




4. (2004


年陕西省中考试题


)




There _______ a football match on TV this evening.




A. will have



B. is going to be



C. has



D. is going to have


【解析】答案:


B


。该题考查的是

There be


…句型和动词


have

< br>用法区别。


There be


句型本

身就表示“在某个地方存在某个人或物”


,不能和动词


ha ve


混在一起用。



初一年级(下)



【知识梳理】




I.


重点短语



1. a bottle of


2. a little


3. a lot (of)


4. all day


5. be from


6. be over



7. come back


8. come from


9. do one's homework


10. do the shopping


11. get down


12. get home


13. get to


14. get up


4



15. go shopping


16. have a drink of


17. have a look


18. have breakfast



19. have lunch


20. have supper


21. listen to


22. not



at all


23. put



away


24. take off


25. throw it like that


26. would like


27. in the middle of the day


28. in the morning / afternoon/ evening


29. on a farm


30. in a factory




II.


重要句型





1. Let sb. do sth.


2. Could sb. do sth.?


3. would like sth.


4. would like to do sth.


5. What about something to eat?


6. How do you spell



?


7. May I borrow



?


III.


交际用语



1.



Thanks very much!



You're welcome.


2. Put it/them away.


3. What's wrong?


4. I think so.





I don't think so.


5.


I


want


to


take


some


books


to


the


classroom.


6.


Give


me


a


bottle


of


orange


juice,


please.



Please give it / them back tomorrow. OK.


9. What's your favourite sport?


10. Don't worry.


11.I'm (not) good at basketball.


12. Do you want a go?


13.


That's


right./


That's


all


right./


All


right.


14.


Do


you


have


a


dictionary


/


any


dictionaries?


Yes, I do. / No, I don't.


15. We / They have some CDs.


We / They don't have any CDs.


16. ---What day is it today / tomorrow?


---It's Monday.


17.


---May


I


borrow


your


colour


pens,


please?



---Certainly. Here you are.


18. ---Where are you from?


---From Beijing.


19.


What's


your


telephone


number


in


New York?


20. ---Do you like hot dogs?


---Yes,


I


do.


(


A


little.


/


A


lot.


/


Very


much.)


---No, I don't. ( I don't like them at all.)


21. ---What does your mother like?


---She


likes


dumplings


and


vegetables


very much.


22. ---When do you go to school every


day?


---I go to school at 7:00 every day.


23. ---What time does he go to bed in


the evening?


---He goes to bed at 10:00.





IV.


重要语法



5





1.


人称代词的用法;



2.


祈使句;



3.


现在进行时的构成和用法;





【名师讲解】



1. That's right./ That's all right./ All right.


4


.动词


have


的用法;



5


.一般现在时构成和用法;



6


.可数名词和不可数名词的构成和用法



That's right


意为“对的”


,表示赞同对方的意见、看法或行为,肯定对方的答案或判断。例


如:



我想我们应该帮助这位老人。







说得对< /p>





That's all right.


意为“不用谢”



“没关系”


,用来回答对方的致谢或道歉。例 如:









All right.


意为“行了”



“可以”


,表示同意对方的建议或要求。有时还可以表示“身体很好”




请把此事告诉我。




好吧。



Is your mother all right?


你妈身体好吗



2. make/do


这两个词都可以解释为“做”


,但含义却不同,不能混用。


make


指做东西 或制东西,


do



做一件具体的事。< /p>


Can you make a paper boat for me?


你能为我做个纸船吗?



He's doing his homework now.


他正在做他的作业。



3. say/speak/talk/tell


say


:是最口语 化的最普通的一个词,意为“说出”



“说道”


,着重所说的话。如:




I want to go there by bus




, he said .


他说,


“我 要坐汽车到那里去。



Please say it in


English .


请用英语说。



speak :


“说话”


,着重开口 发声,不着重所说的内容,一般用作不及物动词



(

< p>
即后面不能直


接接宾语



)


。如:


Can


you


speak


about


him?


你能不能说说他的情况?


I


don't


like


to


speak like this.


我不喜欢这样说话。



speak < /p>


作及物动词解时,只能和某种语言等连用,表达在对话中恰当使用词汇的能力。

< p>


如:


She speaks English well.


她英语说得好。



talk :




speak


意义相近,也着重说话的动作,而不着重所说的话,因此,一般也只用作不


及物 动词,



不过,


talk

< p>
暗示话是对某人说的,有较强的对话意味,着重指连续地和别人谈


话。如:


I would like to talk to him about it .


我想跟他谈那件事。


Old women like to talk


with children.


老年妇女喜欢和孩子们交谈。



tell :


“告诉”


,

< p>
除较少情况外,一般后面总接双宾语。如:


He's telling me a story.


他在给我


讲故事。



tell a lie


撒谎




tell sb. to do sth. /tell sb. not to do sth




如:


.Miss Zhao often tells us


to study hard.



6



4. do cooking/ do the cooking


do cooking


作< /p>


“做饭”


解,


属泛指。

< br>do the cooking


特指某一顿饭或某一家人的饭。


cooking


为动名词,不能用作复数,但前面可用



some, much


修饰。从


do some cooking


可引出许


多类似的短语:

< p>
do


some


washing


洗些衣服


do


some


shopping


买些东西


do


some


reading


读书


do some writing


写些东西


do some fishing


钓鱼



从以上短语可引申出另一类短语,不能用


some, much


或定冠词。



go shopping


去买东西


go fishing


去钓鱼


go boating


去划船


go swimming


去游泳



5. like doing sth./ like to do sth.


like doing sth.



like to do sth.


意思相同,但用法有区别。前者强调一般性的爱好或者表


示动作的习惯性和经常性;后来 表示一次性和偶然性的动作。例如:



He likes playing football, but he doesn't like to play football with Li Ming.


他喜欢踢足


球 ,但是他不喜欢和李明踢。



6. other/ others/ the other/ another


other


表其余的,别的,如:


Have you any other questions?


你还有其他问题吗


?


others


别的人,别的东西


.< /p>


如:


In the room some people are American, the others are


French.


在屋子里一些人是美国人


,


其他的是法国人。



the other


表另一个(二者之中)< /p>


one


…,


the other


…如:


One of my two brothers studies


English, the other studies Chinese.


我两个哥哥中的一个学习英文


,


另一个学中文。



another


表三者以上的另一个,另一些如:


There is room for another few books on the


shelf.


书架上还可以放点书。



7. in the tree/ on the tree


in the tree




on the tree.


译成中文均为



在树上



但英语中有区别。

< p>
in the tree


表示某人、


某事(不属于 树本身生长出的别的东西)落在树上,表示树的枝、叶、花、果等长在树上时,


要使用< /p>


on the tree.


如:


There are some apples on the tree.


那棵树上有些苹果。


There is


a bird in the tree.


那棵树上有只鸟。



8. some/ any



some




any


既可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词。但有以下两点需要注意。



(1)some


常用于肯定句中,


any


常用于否定句和疑问句中。如:



There is some water in the glass. Is there any water in the glass? There isn't any water


in the glass.


(2)

< p>
在说话者希望得到肯定答复的一般疑问句中,或在表示请求,邀请的疑问句中,我们依然

< p>


some


。如:


Wou ld you like some tea?


9. tall/ high



(1)


说人,动物,树木等有生命的 东西,主要用


tall


,不用


high


,例如



a tall woman


一个高


个子妇女


a tall horse


一个高大的马




(2)


说一个不与地面接触的人和物的高时,要用

high


,而不用


tall


,比如 人站在桌子上时,飞



7



机飞上天时,例如:



He is high up in the tree.


他高高地爬在树上。



The plane is so high


in the sky.


飞机在空中这么高。




(3)


指建筑物、山时要


tall

< br>或


high


都可以,不过


hig h


的程度比


tall


高。




(4)high


可作副 词,


tall


不能。




(5)tall


的反义词为


short, high


的反义词为


low.


10. can/ could


(1)

can


表示体力和脑力方面的能力,或根据客观条件能做某种动作的



能力



。例如:



Can you ride a bike?


你会骑自行车吗


?What can I do for you


?要帮忙吗?


Can you make


a cake


?你会做蛋糕吗?



(2)


can


用在否定句和疑问句中 时有时表示说话人的



怀疑



猜测



或不肯定。例如:



Where can he be


?他会在什么地方呢?


Can the news be true


?这个消息会是真的吗?



It surely can't be six o'clock already


?不可能已经六点钟了吧?



You can't be hungry so soon



Tom



you've just had lunch.


汤姆,你不可能饿得这么快,


你刚吃过午 饭。



What can he mean


?他会是什么意思?



在日常 会话中,


can


可代替


may


表示



允许




may


比较正式。例如:


You can come in any


time.


你随时都可以来。



--- Can I use your pen


?我能用你的钢笔吗?


--- Of course



you can.


当然可以。



You can have my seat



I'm going now.


我要走了,你坐我的座位吧。



(3)


could


could




can


的 过去式,表示过去有过的能力和可能性(在否定和疑问句中)


。例如:

< br>


The doctor said he could help him.


(能力)医生说他能帮助他。



Lily could swim when she was four years old.


(能力)当丽丽四岁的时候她就会游泳。



At that time we thought the story could be true.


(可能性)那时我们以为所说的可能是


真的。



could


可代替

< br>can


表示现在时间的动作,但语气较为婉转。例如:



Could I speak to John



please


?我能和约翰说话吗?



Could you


?在口语中表示请求对方做事。例如:


Could you wait half an hour


?请你等半


个小 时好吗?


Could you please ring again at six


?六点钟请你再打电话好吗?



(4)


can


的形式



只有现在式

< p>
can


和过去式


could


两种形式。能表示一般现在和一般过去两种时态,有时也能


表示将来。所有其他时态( 包括将来时)须用


be able to


加动词不定式来表示。



例如:


They have not been able to come to Beijing.


他们没有能到北京来。



11. look for/ find


look for


意为


“寻找”




find


意为


“找到,

< p>
发现”



前者强调


“找”


这一动作,


并不注重


“找”

< p>
的结果,


而后者则强调


“找”

的结果。


例如:


She can't find her ruler.


她找不到她的尺子啦。




8



Tom is looking for his watch



but he can't find it.


汤姆正在寻找他的手表,但没能找到。



12. be sleeping/ be asleep


be sleeping


表示动作,意思是“正在睡觉”



be asleep


表示状态,意思是“睡着了”




如:


---What are the children doing in the room?


孩子们在房间里做什么?


---They are


sleeping.


他们正在睡觉。



The children are asleep now.


现在孩子们睡着了。



13. often/ usually/sometimes


often

< br>表示



经常




sometimes


表示



有时候



,在表示发生频率上

often


要高于


usually



usually


要高于


someti mes


。这三个词表示的是经常性,一般性的动作或情况,常与一般现

< br>在时连用,常位于主要谓语动词的前面,其他谓语动词(


be

动词,情态动词和助动词)的后


面,有时也可位于句尾。如果要加强语气,则放在句 首。




We usually play basketball after school.


我们通常放学后打篮球。


Sometimes I go to bed


early.


有时,我睡觉很早。



He often reads English in the morning.


他经常在早晨读英语。



14. How much/ How many


how much


常用来询问某一商品的价格,常见句式是


How much is / are



?


How much is the skirt?



这条裙子多少钱?


How much are the bananas?



这些香蕉多少


钱?



how much


后加不可数名词,表示数量,意为“多少“,


how many


后加可数名词的复数形


式。



How much meat do you want?



你要多少肉呀?


How many students are there in your


class?



你们班有多少人?



15. be good for/ be good to/ be good at


be good for


表示



对……有好处





be bad for


表示



对……有害




be good to

表示



对……


友好

< br>


,而


be bad to


表示< /p>



对……不好



;< /p>


be good at


表示



擅长,在……方面做得好



,而


be


bad at


表示


< p>
在……方面做得不好





如:


Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.


做眼保健操对你的眼睛有好处。







Eating too much is bad for you health.


吃的太多对你的身体有害。







Miss Li is good to all of us.


李老师对我们所有的人都很友好。







The boss is bad to his workers.


这个老板对他的工人不好。







Li Lei is good at drawing, but I'm bad at it.


李雷擅长画画,但是我不擅长。



16. each/ every


each



every


都有


< p>
每一个



的意思,但含义和用法不相同。

< p>
each


从个体着眼,


every


从整


体着眼。


each


可用 于两者或两者以上,


every


只用于三者或三者以上。



如:


We each have a new book.


我们每人各有一本新书。


There are trees on each side of


the street.


街的两旁有树。




9






He gets up early every morning.


每天早晨他都起得早。


each


可以用作形容词、


副词和代词;

< br>every


只能用作形容词。


如:


Each of them has his own


duty.

< br>他们各人有各人的义务。


They each want to do something different.


他们每个人都


想做 不同的事情。



17.


一般现在时< /p>


/


现在进行时



一般现在时表示经常性的或习惯性的动作或存在的状态,也表示说话者的能力,还有自然现


象;而现在进行时表示正在进行或发生的动作(构成方式为


am/is /are/+doing





I do my homework in the evening.


我在晚上做作业。


I'm doing my homework now.


我现


在正在做作业。



现在进行时常与


now, these days, at the moment



Look, listen


等词连用;而一般现在


时常与


often, always, sometimes, usually, every day, in the morning, on Mondays


等连


用。



We often clean the classroom after school.


我们经常放学后打扫教室。



Look! They are cleaning the classroom .


看!他们正在打扫教室呢。



【考点扫描】



中考考点在本单元主要集中在:



1< /p>



动词一般现在时和现在进行时的用法,


人称代词的用法,


可数名词和不可数名词的构成和


用法。



2


.本册书中常见的交际用语



3


.本册书中一些重点的词组和短语



考试形式往往是单项填空、完形填空、短文改错和短文填空。



【中考范例】



1.

< br>(


2004


年安徽省中考试题)





---Hurry up! We're all waiting for you.




---I ________ for an important phone call. Go without me.




A. wait



B. was waiting



C. am waiting



D. waited




【解析】答案:


C

< br>。表示现在正在进行的动作,用现在进行时。



2. (2004


年长春市中考试题


)




Could you help ___ with ____ English, please?A. I, my



B. me, me



C. me, my



D. my,


I




【解析】答案:

< br>C


。第一个空作宾语,应用人称代词的宾格


me,


第二个空作定语,应用形


容词性物主代词


m y




3.(2004


年长春市中考试题


)


Dr. White can _______ French very well.




A. speak



B. talk



C. say



D. tell < /p>


【解析】答案:


A


。说什麽语言常用动词


speak




4.



2004


年黄冈中考试题)< /p>




1


0



English is spoken by __people. A. a lot



B. much many C. a large number of



D. a


great deal of


【解析】答案:


C


。只有


a large number of


能用来修饰复数可数名词


people


。< /p>



4. he, say, Beijing, big, beautiful, like, work, here


初二年级(上)



【知识梳理】



I.


重点短语




1. on time



2. best wishes



3. give a talk



4. for example



5. short for


6. a waste of time


7. go on a field trip


8. go fishing


9. I agree


10. next week


11. the day after tomorrow


12. have a picnic


13. have some problems doing sth.


14. go the wrong way


15. hurry up


16. get together


17. in the open air


18. on Mid-Autumn Day


19. come over


20. have to



21. get home



22. agree with



23. in the country


24. in town



25. all the same


26. in front of


27. on the left/right side


28. next to



29. up and down



30. keep healthy


31. grow up


32. at the same time


33. the day before yesterday


35. last Saturday


36. half an hour ago


37. a moment ago


38. just now


39. by the way


40. all the time


41. at first


II.


重要句型



1. have fun doing sth.



2. Why don't you



?


3. We're going to do sth.


4. start with sth.


5. Why not



?



6. Are you going to



?


7. be friendly to sb.


8. You'd better do sth.


9. ask sb. for sth.


10. say goodbye to sb.


11. Good luck(with sb)!




III.


交际用语





e back to school!


me. I'm sorry I'm late, because


the traffic is bad.




doesn't matter.


Teachers' Day !


1



1


's a good idea.


are you going to do




are we going ?


are we going to do ?



9.I'm good at




's not far from




11. Are you free tomorrow evening?


you and Lily like to come over


to my home for Mid-Autumn Festival?


13.I'm glad you can come.


for asking us.


about another one?


I have a taste?


me walk with you.


do you have to do?


you live on a farm?


do you like better, the city or


the country?


do you like best, dogs, cats or


chickens?


we go at ten? Good idea!


【名师讲解】



1. on the street / in the street


23.---Let's make it half past one. ---OK.


24.---Why


not


come


a


little


earlier?


---All right.


me. Where's the nearest post


office, please?


's over there on the right.


27.I'm sorry I don't know.


'd better




you all the same.


bus do I take?


along this road.


day was it yesterday?


33.I'm sorry to hear that.


34.I hope you're better now.


did you call me?


36.I called to tell




I


V.


重要语法



going to


的用法;



2.


形容词的比较级、最高级;



3.


形容词和副词的比较



4.


一般过去时



表示“在街上”时,


on the street




in the street


都可以,在美国多用


on the street,



英国多用


in the street.


例如:


We have a house in the street.


我们在街上有座房子。


I met


him on the street.


我在街上遇见了他。



2. would like / like



would like




like


含义不同。


like


意思是


“喜欢”



“ 爱好”





would like


意思是


“想要 ”



试比较:



I like beer.=I'm fond of beer.



我喜欢喝啤酒。


I'd like a glass of beer= I want


a glass of beer.


我想要一杯啤酒。


Do you like going to the cinema?



你喜欢看电影吗?


Would you like to go to the cinema tonight?



你今晚想去看电影吗?



3. another / the other


(1)another


通常用于三个或三个以上或不确定数量中的任意一个人或



物体。



例如:



May I have another apple, please?


请在给我一个苹果好吗?



This coat is too small for me. Please show me another


这件外套我穿太小,请再给我拿


一件看看。




1


2



(2)the other


通常指两者中的另一个。例如:



He has two rulers. One is short. The other is long. < /p>


他有两把尺子,一把短的,另一把长


的。



I have two brothers. One works in Xi'an . The other works in Beijing.


我有两个兄


弟,一个在西安工作,另一个在北京工作。



4. have to /must



(1)have to




must


都可以用来谈论义务,但用法略有不同。如果某人主 观上觉得必须去做


而又想去时,常用


must

< br>。如果谈论某种来自“外界”的义务,常用


have to


。例如:


I must


stop smoking.


我必须戒烟。


(自己想戒烟)


They have to work for the boss.


他们不得不

< br>为那个老板工作。


(条件逼得他们去工作)




(2)have to


可用于多种时态,


must


只能用于一般现在时。例如:



I'll have to get up early tomorrow morning.


明天早晨我必须早早起床。


We had to work


long hours every day in order to get more money.


为了多挣钱,我们不得不每天长时间

< p>
地工作。



(3)


用于否 定句时,


mustn't


意思是“决不能”


“禁止”


,而


don't


have


to


意思是“不必”



相当于


needn't

。例如:


You mustn't be late again next time.


下一次你决不能再迟到。


You


don't have to go there today. You can go there tomorrow.


你今天不必到那里去了。你可

< br>以明天去。



5. hear sb. or sth. / herar sb. or sth. do sth.


hear sb. or sth.


意思是“听到某人或某物在做某事”


,而


hear sb. or sth. do sth.


意思 “听到某人或某物做过某事”


。试比较:


I hear him singing an English song.


听见他在


唱英歌曲。



I heard him sing an English song.


我听见他唱一首英文歌。



类似


hear


这种用法的还有


see, watch, listen, feel


等感官动词。



6. any /some


any



some


都可以同不可数名词和可数名词的复数形式连用,



some


一般用在肯定句中;


any

< br>用在疑问句和否定句中。试比较:


I


want


some


money.


我想要点钱。


Have


you


any


money?


你有钱吗?


I don't have any money.


我一点钱也没有。



some


有时也用于疑问句,表示说话人期待一个肯定回答或鼓励人家说“是”


。例如:



Would you like some more beer?


请你再来点啤酒好吗?



Could I have some rice, please?


请给我来点米饭好吗?



7. hear /listen to


listen to



hear


都有“听”的意思,但含义有所不同。


Listen to


强调“听”的动作,


hear


强调“听”的结果。例如:


Listen to me ,please! I'm going to tell you a story.


请听我说!


我给你们讲个故事。



Listen! Can you hear someone crying in the next room?


听!你能听见有人在隔壁房间


里哭吗?




1


3



I listened, but heard nothing.


我听了听,但什么也听不见。



hear


后面如果接宾语从句,常常表示“听说”

< p>
。例如:



I hear some foreign students will visit our school.


我听说一些外国学生将要访问我们学


校。



I hear there is going to be a film in our school this evening.


我听说今晚我们学校要演一


场电影。

















8. Let's




/Let us




Let's





Let us




都表示“让我们……”


,


如果


us


包括听话人在内,其含义相 同,附带问


句用


shall we.


如果


us


不包括听话人在内,


其含义不同,


Let us


…的附带问句要用


will you



例如:


Let's go shopping, shall we?


我们去购物好吗?



9. take/ bring/ carry /get


这 四个动词都有


“拿”



“带”


的意思,


但含义有所不同。


take

< p>
意为“带走”



“拿走”



bring


意为


“带来”

< p>


“拿来”


, get


表 示


“到别的地方把某人或某物带来或拿来”


< br>carry


不强调方向,


带有负重的意思。试比较:



My parents often take me there on holidays.


我父母常常带我到那里去度假。



I'm going to take you to Beijing.


我准备带你去北京。


Bring me a cup of tea, please.


请给


我端杯茶来。



I'll bring the book to you tomorrow.


明天我把那本书给你带来。


The waiter carried the


me to the table


服务员把肉送到桌上。


The monkey carried the bag on her back.


猴子把

< br>那个包背在背上。


She went back to get her handbag.


他折回去拿他的手提包。


Let me get


the doctor.


让我去请医生吧。








10. far away /faraway


(1)far away


是一个副词短语,


意思是


“很 远”



例如:


Some are far away. Some are nearer.


有些离得很远,有些离得近一些的。


The village is far away from here.


那个村子离这儿很


远。


< /p>


(2)faraway


是一个形容词,意思是“遥远的”


,可以在句中作定语。例如:



He lives in faraway mountain village.


他住在一个遥远的小山村。



11. find / look for


find



look for


都有“找”的意思,但含义不同。


find


强调“找”的结果,而


look for



“找”


的过程。


请看下列例句:


He is looking for his bike.


他在找他的自行车。


I'm looking


for my watch, but can't find it.


我在找我的手表,但是找不到。


I hope you will soon find


your lost ring.


希望你尽快找到丢失的戒指。


另外,


find


还有“发现”


;< /p>


“感到”等意思。例如:


I found a wallet in the desk.


我在课桌里


发现了一个钱包。



I find this book very interesting.


我觉得这本书很有意思。



12. in front of /in the front of



1


4



In front of


表示在某物的前面,不在某物的范围内。


In the front of


表示在某物的前部,在


某物的范围内。试比 较:


My seat is in front of Mary's.


我的座位在玛丽座位的前面。



He is sitting in the front of the car with the driver.


他和司机坐在小车的前部。



【考点扫描】





1. be going to


的用法;



2.


形容词的比较级、最高级;



3.


形容词和副词的比较



4.


一般过去时



5.


本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型;



6.


本单元学过的日常交际用语。





【中考范例】



1. (2004


年烟台市中考试题


)




In the exam, the ________ you are, the ________ mistakes you'll make.




A.


carefully,


little



B.


more


carefully,


fewest



C.


more


careful,


fewer



D.


more


careful, less


【解析】答案:


C


。该题考 查的是形容词和副词的比较以及他们的比较等级的用法。第一个


空应填形容词

< p>
careful


的比较级,因为它在句中作表语,第二个空应填

< p>
few


的比较级,因为


它修饰的是复数可数名词。



2. (2004


年河北省中考试题


)




Bob never does his homework _________ Mary. He makes lots of mistakes.




A. so careful



B. as carefully as



C. carefully



D. as careful as


【解析】答案:


B


。该题考查的是形容词和副词的用法比较。该空应填副词,因为它修饰 的是


动词


does


。该题用的是


not as+


副词


+as

< br>的结构,所以答案应是


B




3. (2004


年重庆市中考试题


)




That day I saw some parents _________ at the back of the classroom, ________ to the


teacher.




A. sitting, listened




B. sat, listened C. sitting, listening




D. sat, listening

【解析】答案:


C


。该题考查的是


see sb. doing sth.


的句型结构和分词作状语的用法。第一


个空


stting


在句中作

saw


的宾语补足语,第二个空


listening


做伴随状语。



4. (2004


年杭州市中考试题


)




You ________ open the door before the train gets into the station.




A. don't have to



B. mustn't



C. needn't



D. may not


【解析】答案


:B


。 该题考查的是几个情态动词否定式的用法区别。


don't have to

< p>


needn't


的意思都是“不必”

< p>


may not


的意思是“可以不”

< p>
,只有


mustn't


表示“不许”



“禁止”





1


5




初二年级(中)



【知识梳理】



I.


重点短语





1. give a concert


2. fall down


3. go on


4. at the end of


5. go back


6. in ahurry


7. write down


8. come out


9. all the year round


10. later on









11. at times



12. ring sb. up



13. Happy New Year!


14. have a party



15. hold on


16. hear from


17. be ready



18. at the moment


19. take out




same as


21. turn over


22. get-together


23. put on


24. take a seat


25. wait for


26. get lost


27. just then


28. first of all


29. go wrong


30. make a noise


31. get on



32. get off


33. stand in line


34. at the head of


35. laugh at


36. throw about


37. in fact


38. at midnight


39. enjoy oneself


40. have a headache


41. have a cough


42. fall asleep


43. again and again



44. look over


45. take exercise




II.


重要句型





1. be good for sth.


2. I think




3. I hope




4. I love




5. I don't like




6. I'm sure




7. forget to do sth.


8. take a message for sb.


9. give sb. the message



10. help yourself to sth.


11. be famous for sth.


12. on one's way to




13. make one's way to




14. quarrel with sb.


15. agree with sb.


16. stop sb. from doing sth.




6




1


III.


交际用语





's the weather like today?


's cold, but quite suuny.


cold it is today!


, but it'll be warmer later on.


we make a snowman?


. Come on!


New Year!


I speak to Ann, please?




on, please.



a


lot


for


inviting


me


to


your


party.


.


But


I'm


afraid


I


may


be


a


little


late.


I take a message for you?



's OK. It doesn't matter.



14.I'm very sorry, but I can't come.


15.I'm sorry to hear that.


birthday!



you


like


...?


Would


you


like


to ...?


you think ...? Yes, I think so. / No, I


don't think so.



you


agree?


Yes,


I


agree.


/


No,


don't really agree. I really can't agree.


are a few / a lot of ... / on it.


do we.


22.I'm happy you like it.


is the way to ..., please?



right/left at the ... crossing.



on until you reach ...





【名师讲解】




's the matter?


'll take you half an hour to ...



'd better catch a bus.



may be in ... Ah, so it is


must be more careful!


mustn't cross the road now.



you


want


to


cross


a


street,


you


must wait for the green light.


stand in line.


must wait for your turn.


you don't go soon, you'll be late.


37.I don't feel very well.


head hurts.



mustn't


eat


anything


until


you


see the doctor.


's the trouble?


's the matter with



?


didn't feel like eating anything.


g serious.


/get a pain in




problem.


this medicine three times a day.






IV.


重要语法



1.


一般过去时;



2.


反意疑问句的用法;



3.


一般将来时;



4.


感叹句;



5.


简单句的五种基本句型;



6.


情态动词


can,


may



must,


have


to


...?


Go


的用法;



7.


时间状语从句和条件状语从句。



can


I


get


to


down/up/along this road.


1


7



1. above/ over/ on



这三个介词都表示“在… …之上”


,但含义不同。


on


指在某物 的表面上,和某物接触;


above


指在某物的上方,不和某物 接触,但也不一定在某物的正上方;


over


指在某物的正上方 ,不


和某物接触。试比较:


There is a book on the desk.


课桌上有一本书。



I raise my right hand above my head.


我把右手高举过头。



There is a stone bridge over the river.


河面上有座石桥。



2. forget to do sth./forget doing sth.


forget to do sth.


意思是“忘记做某事”< /p>


,实际上还没做;


forget doing sth,


意思是“忘记做


过某事”


,实际上已经做过了。 试比较:


I forgot to tell him the news.


我忘记告诉他这条消


息了。



I forgot telling him the news.


我已经把这条消息告诉他了,我却忘了。



类似的词还有:


remember, regret


等。



3. hope/wish


hope



wish


在汉语中都有“希望”的意思,但其含义和用法有所不同。主要区别如下:


< /p>


(1)wish


可以用来表示不可实现的愿望;

< br>hope


只能用来表示可能实现的愿望。例如:



I wish I were 20 years younger.


我但愿自己能年轻二十岁。




I hope you'll be better soon.


我希望你能很快好起来。



I wish the weather wasn't so cold.


但愿天气不这麽冷。



I hope he will come, too.


我希望他也能来。



(2)wish


可以接


sb. to do sth.


的结构,而


hope


不可以。例如:



Do you wish me to come back later?



你是否希望我再来?



4. be sure to do sth./ be sure of/about sb. or sth.



(1)be sure to do sth.


可以用来表示说话人给对方提出要求,意思是“务必”


,也可以用来表


示说话人做出的推断,意思是“一定”



“肯 定”


。例如:



Be sure to lock the door when you leave.


你离开时务必把门锁好。



It's a good film. You are sure to enjoy it.


这是一部好电影,你肯定会喜欢的。



(2)be sure of/about sth.


< /p>


可用来表示“某人对某事有把握”


。例如:



I'm sure of his success.


我相信他会成功。



I think it was three years ago, but I'm not sure about it.


我想那是三年前的事情,但我没


有把握。



5. hear from/hear of



hear


意思是“听到”


,从哪里听到要用


from


来表示。例如:



I've heard from Xiao Wu that we'll start out military training tomorrow.


我听小吴说,


我们明天开始军训。


List en to the tape and write out what you hear from Han Mei.


听录


音,并写出你从韩梅那里听到的内容。< /p>



hear from


还有一个意思是“ 收到某人的来信”



=receive a letter from sb.



。例如:




1


8



I heard from my pen friend in the U.S.A. last month.


上个月我受到了美国笔友的来信。



I heard from her last week.


我上周接到了她的来信。



hear of


和和


hear from


含义不同。


hear of


意思是“听说”



“得知”


(某事或某 人的存在)



常用在疑问句和否定句里。例如:


Who is he? I've never heard of him.


他是谁?我从来没


有听说过他。


I never heard of such a thing!


这样的事我从来没有听说过。



6. It's a pleasure./With pleasure.


It's a pleasure


这句话常用作别人向你表示致谢时的答语,


意 思是


“那是我乐意做的”



例如:



---Thank you for helping me.


谢谢你地帮助。


---It's a pleasure.


那是我乐意做的。



---Thanks a lot. Bye.


非常感谢。



再见。


---It's a pleasure.


那是我乐意做的。再见。



类似的话还有




Not at all.





You are welcome.





That's all right.




With plea sure


也用作客气的答语,主要用在别人要你做某事,而你又非常愿意去做的场合。< /p>


例如:


---Will you please pass me the newspaper, please?


请你把报纸递给我好吗?



---With pleasure.


当然可以。



7. seem/look


(1)


二者都可以作“看起来”讲,但< /p>


seem


暗示凭借一些迹象作出的有根据的判断,这种判断


往往接近事实;


look


着重强调由视觉得出 的印象。两者都可跟


(to be)+


形容词和


as if


从句。


如:


He seems / looks (to be) very happy today.


他今天看起来很高兴。



It looks (seems) as if it it is going to rain.


好像要下雨了。



(2)


但下列情况中只用


seem


不用

look




1)


后跟不定式


to do


时。如:


He seems to know the answer.


他似乎知道答案。



2)



It seems that ...


结构中。如:


It seems that he is happier now than yesterday.


他像


比昨天高兴些了。



8. be ready to do/be ready for/ get ready to do/get ready for


(1)be ready to do



be ready for


…表 示“已作好…的准备”


,强调状态



(2)get ready to do



get ready for


… 表示“为…做准备”


,强调行为。如:



I'm ready to do anything you want me to do.


我愿意


/


随时准备做一切做你 要我做的事。



I'm ready for any questions you may ask.


我愿意


/


随时准备回答你可能问的问题。



He's getting ready to leave for Tokyo.


他正准备动身去东京。



Let's get ready for the hard moment.


我们为这一艰难时刻作好准备吧。



(3)be ready to do


通常可理解

< p>
“乐于做某事”



即思想上总是有做某事的准备。


be not ready


to do


表示“不轻易做某事”


。如:


He's usually not ready to listen to others.


他通常不轻


易听从别人。




9. at table/at the table


at table


在吃饭,


at the table


在桌子旁边。例如:


The Greens are at table.


格林一家人在


吃饭。




1


9



Mr. Black is sitting at the table and reading a book.


布莱克先生坐在桌旁读书。



10. reach, arrive/get to


三者都 有



到达



之意。


reach


是及物动词,后直接加名词,


get



arrive


是不及物动词 ,不


能直接加名词,须借助于介词。


get to


后加名词地点,若跟副词地点时,


to


去掉;


arrive at


+


小地方,


arrive in+


大地方。如:



Lucy got to the zoo before 8 o'clock.


露西


8


点前到了动物园。



When did your parents arrive in Shanghai?


你父母何时到上海的?



It was late when I got home.


我到家时天色已晚。



11. sick/ill


二者都是形容词。当“生病的,患病“之意时,

ill


只作表语,不作定语;而


sick

< br>既可作表语


也可作定语。


sick




呕吐,恶心



的意思,只能作表语,而


ill


无此意。如:



Li Lei was ill last week. (


只作表语


)


李磊上周生病了。


He's a sick man.


(作定语)


他是病人。< /p>


不能说成:


He's an ill grandfather was sick for a month last year.


(作表语)


我祖父去年病了一个月。



12. in time/on time


in time< /p>




及时



的意思,


on time



准时,


按时




如:


I didn't get to the bus stop in time.


我没有及时赶上汽车。


We'll finish our job on time.


我们要按时完成任务。



13. may be/maybe


It may be in your inside pocket. = Maybe it is in your inside pocket.


也许在你里边的口


袋里。


第一句中


may be


是情态动词


+be


动词构成的谓 语部分,


意思是



也许是





可能是



第二句中的


maybe


是副词,意思是



可能


< /p>


,常位于句首,不能位于句中,相当于另一副词



perhaps



再如:


Ma ybe you put it in that bag.


也许你放在了那只包里。< /p>



不能说


You maybe


put it


in that bag.



It may be a hat.


那可能是顶帽子。


(不能说


It maybe a hat.



It maybe is a


hat.




14. noise/ voice/ sound


noise


指嘈杂声,噪音大的吵杂声。

voice


是指说话的声音,嗓音,嗓子。


sound


是指耳朵


能够听到的声音、闹声等。它是表示声音之意的最普通的字 。有时还用作科学上的声音。例


如:



Don't make so much noise!


别那么大声喧哗!



I didn't recognize John's voice on the telephone.


在电话里我听不出约翰的声音。



He spoke in a low voice.


他低声说话。


We heard a strange sound.


我们听到了一种奇怪


的声音。



Sound travels fast, but light travels faster.


声音传得快,但是光传得更快。



【考点扫描】



中考考点在本单元主要集中在:




2


0


-


-


-


-


-


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