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(完整版)人教版初中英语语法和知识点总结以及练习题

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2021-02-09 11:32
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2021年2月9日发(作者:none是什么意思)





初一至初三全程英语知识点总结及练习



2.


this/that/these/those



(1)


this


常常用来指在时间 、地点上更接近讲话


初一年级


(



)



【知识梳理】



I.


重点短语



树上有只鸟。



人的人和事,



时间、地点上离讲话人更远一点的


1.


Sit down



2.


on duty



3.


in English



4.


have a seat



5.


at home



6.


look like



7.


look at



8.


have a look



9.


come on



10.


at work



11.


at school



12.


put on



13.


look after



14.


get up



15.


go shopping



1.


Good morning, Miss/Mr


2.


Hello! Hi!



3.


Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you, too.



II.


重要句型



4.


How are you? I'm fine, thank you/thanks. And


you?



1.


help sb. do sth.



2.


What about


?


?



3.


Let's do sth.



4.


It's time to do sth.



5.


It's time for


?



6.


What's


?


? It is


?


/ It's


?



7.


Where is


?


? It's


?


.



8.


How old are you? I'm


?


.



9.


What class are you in?



I'm in


?


.



10.


Welcome to


?


.


【名师讲解】



/on


在表示空间位置时,



in


表示在某个空间


on


表示在某一个物体的表面之上。



There is a picture on the wall.


5.


See you. See you later.



6.


Thank you! You're welcome.



7.


Goodbye! Bye!



8.


What's your name? My name is


9.


Here you are. This way, please.



10.


Who's on duty today?



11.


Let's do.



12.


Let me see.



III.


交际用语



人和事,



look in that one over there.



11.


What's


?


plus


?


? It's


?


.



12.


I think


?



13.


Who's this? This is


?


.



14.


What can you see




I can see


?


.



15.


There is (are)


?


.



16.


What color is it (are they)? It's (They're)



?



17.


Whose


?


is this? It's


?


.



18.


What time is it? It's


?


.



?


.



?


.



墙上有张图。



的范围以内,



例如:



There


is a bird in the tree.


these




this


的复数形式。



that


常常用来指在



those




that


的复数形式。



例如:



You look in this box and I'll


你看看这个盒子,我去看那边的那个盒


子。


IV.


重要语法




1





1.


动词



be


的用法;



2.


人称代词和物主代词的用法;



3.


名词的单复数和所有格的用法;



4.


冠词的基本用法;



5.


There be


句型的用法。


2





I want this car, not that car.


我想要这辆小汽车,不是那一辆。



Take these books to his room, please.


请把这些书拿到他房间去。



This is mine; that's yours.


这个是我的,那个是你的。



These are apples; those are oranges.


这些是苹果,那些是橘子。



(2)


在打电话的用语中,



this


常常指的是我,



that


常常指的是对方。例如:



This is Mary speaking. Who's that?


我是玛丽。你是谁?



3.


There be/ have



There be




,其确切含意为




某处或某时存在某人或某物。




其结构是:



There be +


某人或某物



+




示地点或时间的状语。



There be


后面的名词实际上是主语,



be


动词的形式要和主语在数上保持一致,



be


动词后面的名词是单数或不可数名词时用



is


,名词是复数时用



are


。例如:


(1) There is a big bottle of


coke



on the table.


桌上有一大瓶子可乐。



(2)


There is a doll in the box.


那个盒子里有个娃娃。



(3)


There are many apples on the tree.


那树上有许多苹果。



总之,



There be


结构强调的是一种客观存在的







have


表示




拥有,占有,具有




,即:某人有某物



(sb. have / has sth.)


。主语一般是名词或代词,与主语是所属关系。例如:



(4)


I have two brothers and one sister.


我有两个兄弟,一个姐姐。



(5)


That house has four rooms.


那所房子有四个房间。



4.


look/ see/ watch



(1)


look


表示“看、瞧” ,着重指认真看,强调看的动作,表示有意识地注意看,但不一定看到 ,以提醒




方注意。,如:



Look! The children are playing computer games.


瞧!孩子们在玩电脑游戏。



Look! What's that over there?


看!那边那个是什么?



单独使用是不及物动词,如强调看某人



/


物,其后接介词



at


,才能带宾语,如:



He's looking at me


。他


正在看着我。



(2)


see


强调“看”的结果,着重的是



look


这个动作的结果,意思是“看到” ,


see


是及物动词,后面能




接跟宾语。如:



What can you see in the picture?


你能在图上看到什么?



看黑板!你看到了什么?



Look at the blackboard. What did you see on it?


(3)


watch


“观看,注视” ,侧重于场面,表示全神贯注地观看、观察或注视某事务的活动,强调过程,常




于“看电视、看足球、看演出”等。如:



Yesterday we watched a football match on TV.


4.


put on/ / in



put on


意为“穿上,戴上” 。主要指“穿上”这一动作



,


后面接表示服装、鞋帽的名词。



in


是介词,表示“穿着”强调状态。在句中可以做定语、标 语和状语。如:



It's cold outside, put on your coat.


外面冷,穿上你的外衣。



He puts on his hat and goes out.


他戴上帽子,走了出去。



The woman in a white blouse is John's mother.


5.


house/ home/family



house


:“房子”,指居住的建筑物



; Home:


“家”,指一个人同家人共同经常居住的地方



; Family:


“家



昨天我们从电视上看了一场足球比赛。



穿白色衬衣的那个妇女是



John


的妈妈。



3





庭“,“家庭成员” 。例如:



Please come to my house this afternoon.


今天下午请到我家来。



He is not at home.


他不在家。



My family all get up early.


我们全家都起得很早。



6.


fine, nice, good, well


四者都可用作形容词表示



< p>



之意,但前三者既可作表语又可作定语,而后者


仅用作表语。主要区别在于:



(1)


fine


指物时表示的是质量上的




精细




,形容人时表示的是




身体健康




,也



可以用来指




天气晴朗




。例



如:



Your parents are very fine.


你父母身体很健康。



That's a fine machine.


那是一台很好的机器



It's a fine day for a walk today.


今天是散步的好时候。



< p>
2



nice


主要侧重于人或物的外表,有




美好






漂亮



的意思,也可用于问候或赞扬别人。



例如:



Lucy looks nice.


露西看上去很漂亮。



These coats are very nice.


那些裙子很好看。



Nice to meet you.


见到你很高兴。



It's very nice of you.


你真好。




3



good


形容人时指




品德好



,形容物时指




质量好




,是表示人或物各方面都好的普通用语。



例如:


Her


son is a good student.


她儿子是一个好学生。



The red car is very good.


那辆红色小汽车很好。



< p>
4



well


只可用来形容人的




身体好




,但不能作定语,它也能用作副词作状语,多放在所修饰的动词之


后 。



例如:



I'm very well, thanks.


我身体很好,谢谢。



My friends sing well.


我的朋友们歌唱得好。



【考点扫描】



中考考点在本单元主要集中在:



1.


动词



be


的用法;



2.


人称代词和物主代词的用法;



3.


名词的单复数和所有格的用法;



4.


冠词的基本用法;



5.


There be


句型的用法。



6.


本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型;



7.


本单元学过的日常交际用语。



考试形式可以是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空、完成句子。



【中考范例】



1.



2004


年北京市中考试题





Mary, please show


_


______



your picture.


A. my B. mine C. I D. me



【解析】答案:



D


。该题考查的是人称代词和物主代词的用法。本题中动词



show


后面跟双宾语,空白处



应填入人称代词的宾格



me


作宾语。



2.



2004


年上海市徐汇区中考试题






_


________ orange on the desk is for you, Mike. A. A C. / D. The



【解析】答案:


< p>
D


。该题考查的是冠词的基本用法。因为是特指课桌上的那个橘子,所以用 定冠词



the




3.



2004


年哈尔滨市中考试题





---What


_


_____


the number of the girls in your class?


A. is B. am C. are D. be



---About twenty.



【解析】



答案:



A


。该题考查的是动词



be


的用法和主谓一致。



the number


作主语,



应该是单数第三人


称,



动词



be


变为



is




4





4.



2004


年陕西省中考试题





There


_


_______


a football match on TV this evening.



A. will have B. is going to be


C. has D. is going to have



【解析】答案:



B


。该题考查的是



There be


?


句型和动词



have


用法区别。



There be


句型本身就表示“在



某个地方存在某个人或物” ,不能和动词



have


混在一起用。


5





初一年级


(



)



【知识梳理】



I.


重点短语



1.


a bottle of



2.


a little



3.


a lot (of)



4.


all day



5.


be from



6.


be over



7.


come back



8.


come from



9.


do one's homework



10.


do the shopping



11.


get down



12.


get home



13.


get to



14.


get up



15.


go shopping



16.


have a drink of



17.


have a look



18.


have breakfast



19.


have lunch



20.


have supper



21.


listen to



22.


not


?


at all



23.


put


?


away



24.


take off



25.


throw it like that



26.


would like



27.


in the middle of the day



28.


in the morning / afternoon/ evening


29.


on a farm



30.


in a factory



II.


重要句型



1.


Let sb. do sth.



2.


Could sb. do sth.?



3.


would like sth.



4.


would like to do sth.



5.


What about something to eat?



6.


How do you spell


?


?



7.


May I borrow


?


?



III.


交际用语





1.




Thanks very much!





You're welcome.



2.


Put it/them away.



3.


What's wrong?



4.


I think so.


I don't think so.



5.


I want to take some books to the classroom.



6.


Give me a bottle of orange juice, please.



Please give it / them back tomorrow. OK.



9. What's your favourite sport?



10. Don't worry.



11.


I'm (not) good at basketball.



12.


Do you want a go?



13.


That's right./ That's all right./ All right.


14.


Do you have a dictionary / any


dictionaries?



Yes, I do. / No, I don't.



15.


We / They have some CDs.



We / They don't have any CDs.



16.


---What day is it today / tomorrow?



---It's Monday.



17.


---May I borrow your colour pens, please?



---Certainly. Here you are.



18.


---Where are you from?



---From Beijing.



19.


What's your telephone number in New York?



20.


---Do you like hot dogs?



---Yes, I do. ( A little. / A lot. / Very much.)


---No, I don't. ( I don't like them at all.)



21.


---What does your mother like?



---She likes dumplings and vegetables very much.


22.


---When do you go to school every day?



---I go to school at 7:00 every day.



23.


---What time does he go to bed in the


evening?



---He goes to bed at 10:00.



IV.


重要语法




6








1.


人称代词的用法;



4


.动词



have


的用法;



5


.一般现在时构成和用法;



6


.可数名词和不可数名词的构成和用法


2.


祈使句;



3.


现在进行时的构成和用法;




【名师讲解】



1.


That's right./ That's all right./ All right.



That's right


意为“对的”,表示赞同对方的意见、



看法或行为,



肯定对方的答案或判断。



例如:



we must help the old man.


我想我们应该帮助这位老人。









说得对






That's all right.


意为“不用谢” 、“没关系”,用来回答对方的致谢或道歉。例如:






All right.


意为“行了”、“可以”,表示同意对方的建议或要求。有时还可以表示“身体很好”



tell me about it.


请把此事告诉我。




好吧。





Is your mother all right?


你妈身体好吗



2.


make/do



这两个词都可以解释为“做” ,但含义却不同,不能混用。



make


指做东西或制东西,



do


指做一件具体的



事。



Can you make a paper boat for me?


你能为我做个纸船吗?



He's doing his homework now.


他正在做他的作业。



3.


say/speak/talk/tell say


:是最口语化的最普通的一个词,意为“说出” 、“说道”,着重所说的话。


如:




I want to go there by bus


English .





, he said .


他说,“我要坐汽车到那里去。




Please say it in


用英语说。



speak :


“说话”,着重开口发声,不着重所说的内容,一般用作不及物动词




即后面不能直接接宾语







如:



Can you speak about him?


说话。



你能不能说说他的情况?



I don't like to speak like this.


我不喜欢这样



speak


作及物动词解时,只能和某种语言等连用,表达在对话中恰当使用词汇的能力。

< br>


如:



She speaks English well.


她英语说得好。



talk :




speak


意义相近,



也着重说话的动作,



而不着重所说的话,



因此,一般也只用作不及物动词,





过,


talk


暗示话是对某人说的,



有较强的对话意味,



着重指连续地和别人谈话。



如:


I would like to


talk to him about it .


我想跟他谈那件事。



Old women like to talk with children.


老年妇女喜欢和孩子


们交谈。



tell :


“告诉”


,


除较少情况外,一般后面总接双宾语。


He's telling me a story.


他在给我讲故事。



如:



tell a lie


撒谎



tell sb. to do sth. /tell sb. not to do sth


4. do cooking/ do the cooking



如:


.Miss Zhao often tells us to study hard.


特指某一顿饭或某一家人的饭。



cooking


为动名



读书



do some writing


写些东西



do cooking


作“做饭”解,属泛指。



do the cooking


词,不能用作复数,



但前面可用



some, much


修饰。从



do some cooking


可引出许多类似的短语:



do some



washing


洗些衣服



do some shopping


买些东西



do some reading


do some fishing


钓鱼



从以上短语可引申出另一类短语,不能用



some, much


或定冠词。



go shopping


去买东西



go fishing


去钓鱼



go boating


去划船



go swimming


去游泳



5.


like doing sth./ like to do sth.



like doing sth.




like to do sth.


意思相同,但用法有区别。前者强调一般性的爱好或者表示动作的习惯

< br>


7





性和经常性;后来表示一次性和偶然性的动作。例如:



He likes playing football, but he doesn't like to play football with Li Ming.


他喜欢踢足球,但是他不



喜欢和李明踢。



6.


other/ others/ the other/ another



other


表其余的,别的,如:



Have you any other questions?


你还有其他问题吗



?



others


别的人,别的东西



.


如:



In the room some people are American, the others are French.


在屋子



里一些人是美国人



,


其他的是法国人。



the other


表另一个


(


二者之中


)


one


?



the other


?


如:



One of my two brothers studies English, the


other studies Chinese.


我两个哥哥中的一个学习英文



,


另一个学中文。



another


表三者以上的另一个,另一些如:



There is room for another few books on the shelf.


书架上还



可以放点书。



7.


in the tree/ on the tree



in the tree




on the tree.


译成中文均为




在树上




但英语中有区别。



in the tree


表示某人、某事

(



属于



树本身生长出的别的东西


)


落在树上,表示树的枝、叶、花、 果等长在树上时,要使用



on the tree.


如:



There are some apples on the tree.


果。



There is a bird in the tree.


8.


some/ any



some




any


既可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词。但有以下两 点需要注意。



(1)


some


常用于肯定句中,



any


常用于否定句和疑问句中。如:



那棵树上有些苹


那棵树上有只鸟。



There is some water in the glass. Is there any water in the glass? There isn't any water in the glass.



(2)


在说话者希望得到肯定答复的一般疑问句中,



或在表示


请求,



邀请的疑问句中,我们依然用



some


。如:



Would you like some tea?



9.


tall/ high



(1)


说人,动物,树木等有生命的东西,



主要用



tall


,不用



high


,例如



a tall woman


一个高个子妇女



a


说一个不与地面接触的人和物的高时,要用



high


,而不用



tall horse


一个高大的马



(2)


tall


,比如人站在桌子上时,飞机飞上天时,



例如:



He is high up in the tree.


他高高地爬在树上。



The plane is so high in the sky.


飞机在空中这



么高。



(3)


指建筑物、山时要



tall




high


都可以,不过



high


的程度比



tall


高。



(4)


(5)


high


可作副词,



tall


不能。



tall


的反义词为



short, high


的反义词为



low.



10.


can/ could



(1)


can


表示体力和脑力方面的能力,或根据客观条件能做某种动作的




能力




。例如:



Can you ride a bike?


你会骑自行车吗



?What can I do for you


?要帮忙吗?



Can you make a cake


?你



会做


蛋糕吗?



(2)


can


用在否定句和疑问句中时有时表示说话人的


< br>


怀疑



猜测



或不肯定。例如:



Where can he be


?他会在什么地方呢?



Can the news be true


?这个消息会是真的吗?



It surely can't be six o'clock already


?不可能已经六点钟了吧?



You can't be hungry so soon




Tom




you've just had lunch.


汤姆,你不可能饿得这么快,你刚吃过午



8





饭。



What can he mean


?他会是什么意思?



在日常会话中,



can


可代替



may

表示



允许




may


比较正式。例如:



You can come in any time.


都可以来。



--- Can I use your pen


?我能用你的钢笔吗?



--- Of course




you can.


当然可以。



You can have my seat




I'm going now.


我要走了,你坐我的座位吧。



(3)


could



could




can


的过去式,表示过去有过的能力和可能性


(


在否定和疑问句中< /p>


)


。例如:



The doctor said he could help him.


(能力)医生说他能帮助他。



Lily could swim when she was four years old.


(能力)当丽丽四岁的时候她就会游泳。



At that time we thought the story could be true.


(可能性)那时我们以为所说的可能是真的。



could


可代替



can


表示现在时间的动作,但语气较为婉转。例如:



Could I speak to John




please


?我能和约翰说话吗?



你随时



Could you


?在口语中表示请求对方做事。例如:



Could you wait half an hour


?请你等半个小时好吗?



Could you please ring again at six


?六点钟请你再打电话好吗?




4




can


的形式



只有现在式



can


和过去式



could


两种形式。能表示一般现在和一般过去两种时态,有时也能表示将来。所




其他时态(包括将来时)须用



be able to


加动词不定式来表示。



例如:



They have not been able to come to Beijing.


他们没有能到北京来。



11.


look for/ find



look for


意为“寻找”,而



find


意为“找到,发现” ,前者强调“找”这一动作,并不注重“找”的结


果,



而后者则强调“找”的结果。例如:



She can't find her ruler.


她找不到她的尺子啦。



Tom is looking for his watch



but he can't find it.


汤姆正在寻找他的手表,但没能找到。



12.


be sleeping/ be asleep



be sleeping


表示动作,意思是“正在睡觉” ;


be asleep


表示状态,意思是“睡着了” 。



如:



---What are the children doing in the room?


孩子们在房间里做什么?



---They are sleeping.


他们



正在睡觉。



The children are asleep now.


现在孩子们睡着了。



13.


often/ usually/sometimes



often


表示




经常





sometimes


表示




有时候




,在表示发生频率上



often


要高于



usually



usually


要高




sometimes


。这三个词表示的是经常性,一般性的动 作或情况,常与一般现在时连用,常位于主要谓语动



词的前面,其他谓语动词(



be < /p>


动词,情态动词和助动词)的后面,有时也可位于句尾。如果要加强语气,



则放在句首。



We usually play basketball after school.


我们通常放学后打篮球。



Sometimes I go to bed early.


有时,



我睡觉很早。



He often reads English in the morning.


他经常在早晨读英语。



14.


How much/ How many



how much


常用来询问某一商品的价格,常见句式是



How much is the skirt?


How much is / are


?


?



这条裙子多少钱?



How much are the bananas?


这些香蕉多少钱?



how much


后加不可数名词,表示数量,意为“多少“,



how many


后加可数名词的复数形式。



9





How much meat do you want?


你要多少肉呀?



How many students are there in your class?


你们



班有多少人?



15.


be good for/ be good to/ be good at



be good for


表示




?


?


有好处



,而



be bad for


表示




?


?


有害

< p>



be good to


表示




?


?


友好



,而



be bad to


表示


< p>


?


?


不好




be good at


表示



擅长,在


?


?


方面做得好




,而



be bad at


表示




?


?


方面



做得不好






如:



Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.


做眼保健操对你的眼睛有好处。



Eating too much is bad for you health.


吃的太多对你的身体有害。



Miss Li is good to all of us.


李老师对我们所有的人都很友好。



The boss is bad to his workers.


这个老板对他的工人不好。



Li Lei is good at drawing, but I'm bad at it.


李雷擅长画画,但是我不擅长。



16.


each/ every



10





each




every


都有




每一个




的意思,但含义和用法不相同。



each


从个体着眼,



every


从整体着眼。



each


可用于两者或两者以上,



every


只用于三者或三者以上。



如:



We each have a new book.


街的两旁有树。



我们每人各有一本新书。



There are trees on each side of the street.



He gets up early every morning.


每天早晨他都起得早。



each


可以用作形容词、副词和代词;



every


只能用作形容词。如:



Each of them has his own duty.


他们




人有各人的义务。



They each want to do something different.


他们每个人都想做不同的事情。



17.


一般现在时



/


现在进行时


一般现在时表示经常性的或习惯性的动作或存在的状态,也表示说话者的能


力,还有 自然现象;而现在进



行时表示正在进行或发生的动作(构成方式为



I do my homework in the evening.


am/is /are/+doing


)。



我在晚上做作业。



I'm doing my homework now.


我现在正在做作



业。



现在进行时常与



now, these days, at the moment




Look, listen


等词连用;而一般现在时常与



often,


always, sometimes, usually, every day, in the morning, on Mondays


等连用。



We often clean the classroom after school.


我们经常放学后打扫教室。



Look! They are cleaning the classroom .


看!他们正在打扫教室呢。



【考点扫描】



中考考点在本单元主要集中在:



1< /p>


.动词一般现在时和现在进行时的用法,人称代词的用法,可数名词和不可


数名词的构成和用法。



2


.本册书中常见的交际用语



3


.本册书中一些重点的词组和短语



考试形式往往是单项填空、完形填空、短文改错和短文填空。



【中考范例】



1.



2004


年安徽省中考试题)



---Hurry up! We're all waiting for you.



---I


_


______



for an important phone call. Go without me.



A. wait B. was waiting


C. am waiting


D. waited



【解析】答案:



C


。表示现在正在进行的动作,用现在进行时。


2.



2004


年长春市中考试题





Could you help ___ with _


English, please?A. I, my


B. me, me C. me, my D. my, I



【解析】答案:



C

< br>。第一个空作宾语,应用人称代词的宾格



me,


第二个空作定语,应用形容词性物主代





my




3.



2004


年长春市中考试题





B. talk C. say D. tell


Dr. White can


______



French very well. A. speak



【解析】答案:



A


。说什麽语言常用动词



speak




4.



2004


年黄冈中考试题)



English is spoken by __people. A. a lot


B. much many C. a large number of


D. a great deal of


解析】答案:



C


。只有



a large number of


能用来修饰复数可数名词



people



4.


he, say, Beijing, big, beautiful, like, work, here



初二年级(上)



【知识梳理】




I.


重点短语



11





1. on time


2. best wishes


3. give a talk


4. for example


5. short for


6. a waste of time


7. go on a field trip


8. go fishing


9. I agree


10. next week


11. the day after tomorrow


12. have a picnic


13. have some problems doing sth.


14. go the wrong way


15. hurry up


16. get together


17. in the open air


18. on Mid-Autumn Day


19. come over


20. have to


21. get home


22. agree with


23. in the country


24. in town


25. all the same


26. in front of


27. on the left/right side


28. next to


29. up and down


30. keep healthy


31. grow up


32. at the same time


33. the day before yesterday


35. last Saturday


36. half an hour ago


37. a moment ago


38. just now


39. by the way


40. all the time


41. at first


II.


重要句型



1. have fun doing sth.


2.


Why don't you


?


?



3.


We're going to do sth.



4.


start with sth.



5.


Why not


?


?



6.


Are you going to


?


?



7.


be friendly to sb.



8.


You'd better do sth.



9.


ask sb. for sth.



10.


say goodbye to sb.



11.


Good luck(with sb)!



III.


交际用语



1.


Welcome back to school!



2.


Excuse me. I'm sorry I'm late, because the traffic is bad.



doesn't matter.



Teachers' Day !



5.


That's a good idea.



6.


What are you going to do




7.


Where are we going ?



8.


What are we going to do ?



9.I'm good at


?



's not far from


?



11.


Are you free tomorrow evening?



12.


Would you and Lily like to come over to my home for Mid-Autumn


Festival?



13.I'm glad you can come.



for asking us.



about another one?



16.


May I have a taste?



17.


Let me walk with you.



18.


What do you have to do?



19.


Do you live on a farm?



20.


Which do you like better, the city or the country?



21.


Which do you like best, dogs, cats or chickens?



we go at ten? Good idea!



23.


---Let's make it half past one. ---OK.



24.


---Why not come a little earlier? ---All right.



25.


Excuse me. Where's the nearest post office, please?


12






's over there on the right.


27.I'm sorry I don't know.


28.


29.


30.


31.


32.


You'd better


?



Thank you all the same.


Which bus do I take?


Go along this road.


What day was it


did you call me?


36.I called to tell


?



IV.


重要语法



1.


2.


3.


4.


be going to


的用法;



形容词的比较级、最


高级;



形容词和副词的比较



一般过去时



yesterday? 33.I'm sorry to hear


that.


34.I hope you're better now.


【名师讲解】




1. on the street / in the street


表示“在街上” 时,


on the street




in the street


都可以,



在美国多用



on the street,


在英国多用



in


the street.


例如:



We have a house in the street.


我们在街上有座房子。



I met him on the street.


我在




上遇见了他。



2.


would like / like



would like




like


含义不同。



like


意思是“喜欢” ,“爱好”,而



would like


意思是“想要” 。试比


较:



I like beer.=I'm fond of beer.


我喜欢喝啤酒。



I'd like a glass of beer= I want a glass of beer.



我想要



你喜欢看电影吗?



Would you like to go to the cinema



一杯啤酒。



Do you like going to the cinema?


tonight?


你今晚想去看电影吗?



3.


another / the other



(1)


another


通常用于三个或三个以上或不确定数量中的任意一个人或




体。



例如:



May I have another apple, please?


This coat is too small for me. Please show me another


(2)


the other


通常指两者中的另一个。例如:



He


请在给我一个苹果好吗?



这件外套我穿太小,请再给我拿一件看看。



has two rulers. One is short. The other is long. brothers.


One works in Xi'an . The other works in Beijing.


北京工


他有两把尺子,



一把短的,



另一把长的。



I have


two


作。




4.


have to /must



(1)


have to




must


都可以用来谈论义务,但用法略有不同。如果某人主观上觉得必须去做而又想去时,



常用



must

。如果


谈论某种来自“外界”的义务,常用



have to


。例如:



I must stop smoking.


我必须戒



烟。


(


自己想戒烟


)


They have to work for the boss.


他们不得不为那个老板工作。


(


条件逼得他们去工作


)



(2)


have to


可用于多种时态,



must


只能用于一般现在时。例如:



I'll have to get up early tomorrow morning.


明天早晨我必须早早起床。



We had to work long hours



every day in order to get more money.


(3)


为了多挣钱,我们不得不每天长时间地工作。



用于否定句时,



mustn't


意思是



“决不能”,“禁止”,而



下一


don't have to


意思是



“不必”,相当于



needn't




例如:



You mustn't be late again next time.


次你决不能再迟到。



You don't have to go there today.



You can go there tomorrow.


你今天不必到那里去了。你可以明天去。



5.


hear sb. or sth. / herar sb. or sth. do sth.



hear sb. or sth.


意思是“听到某人或某物在做某事” ,而



hear sb. or sth. do sth.


意思“听到


13







人或某物做过某事” 。试比较:



I hear him singing an English song.


听见他在唱英歌曲。



I heard him sing an English song.


我听见他唱一首英文歌。



类似



hear


这种用法的还有



see, watch, listen, feel


等感官动词。



6.


any /some



any




some


都可以同不可数名词和可数名词的复数形式连用,但



some


一般用在肯定句中;



any


用在疑



问句和否定句中。



试比较:



I want some money.


我想要点钱。



Have you any money?


你有钱吗?



I don't



have any money.


我一点钱也没有。



some


有时也用于疑问句,表示说话人期待一个肯定回答或鼓励人家说“是” 。例如:



Would you like some more beer?


请你再来点啤酒好吗?



Could I have some rice, please?


请给我来点米饭好吗?



7.


hear /listen to



listen to




hear


都有“听”的意思,但含义有所不同。



Listen to


强调“听”的动作,



hear


强调“听”


的结果。例如:



Listen to me ,please! I'm going to tell you a story.


请听我说!我给你们讲个故事。



Listen! Can you hear someone crying in the next room?


I listened, but heard nothing.


我听了听,但什么也听不见。



hear


后面如果接宾语从句,常常表示“听说” 。例如:



I hear some foreign students will visit our school.


我听说一些外国学生将要访问我们学校。



I hear there is going to be a film in our school this evening.


我听说今晚我们学校要演一场电影。



8.


Let's


?



/Let us


?



Let's


?





Let us


?


< br>都表示“让我们


?


?




,


如果



us


包括听话人在内,其含义相同,附带问句用



shall


we.


如果



us


不包括听话人在内,



其含义不同,



Let us


?


的附带问句要用



will you


。例如:


Let's go


shopping, shall we?


我们去购物好吗?



9.


take/ bring/ carry /get



听!你能听见有人在隔壁房间里哭吗?



这四个动词都有



“拿” 和“带” 的意思,



但含义有所不同。



take


意为“带走”,“拿走”,


bring


意为


“带来”,



“拿来”


, get


表示“到别的地方把某人或某物带来或拿来” ,


carry


不强调方向,



带有负重的


意思。



试比较:



My parents often take me there on holidays.


我父母常常带我到那里去度假。



I'm going to take you to Beijing.


我准备带你去北京。



Bring me a cup of tea, please.


请给我端杯茶来。



I'll bring the book to you tomorrow.


明天我把那本书给你带来。



The waiter carried the me to the table



服务员把肉送到桌上。



The monkey carried the bag on her back.


猴子把那个包背在背上。



She went back



to get her handbag.


他折回去拿他的手提包。



Let me get the doctor.


让我去请医生吧。



10.


far away /faraway



(1)far away


是一个副词短语,意思是“很远” 。例如:



Some are far away. Some are nearer.


有些离得很



远,有些离得近一些的。



The village is far away from here.


那个村子离这儿很远。



(2)faraway


是一个形容词,意思是“遥远的” ,可以在句中作定语。例如:



He lives in faraway mountain village.


他住在一个遥远的小山村。



11.


find / look for



find




look for


都有“找”的意思,但含义不同。



find


强调“找”的结果,而



look for


强调“找”的过



程。请看下列例句:



He is looking for his bike.


他在找他的自行车。



I'm looking for my watch, but


can't



find it.


我在找我的手表,但是找不到。



I hope you will soon find your lost ring.


希望你尽快找到丢失




14





戒指。



另外,



find


还有“发现” ;“感到”等意思。例如:



I found a wallet in the desk.


我在课桌里发现了一


个钱



包。



I find this book very interesting.


我觉得这本书很有意思。



12.


in front of /in the front of



In front of


表示在某物的前面,



不在某物的范围内。



In the front of


表示在某物的前部,



在某物的范围


内。



试比较:



My seat is in front of Mary's.


【考点扫描】



1.


be going to


的用法;



2.


形容词的比较级、最高级;



3.


形容词和副词的比较



4.


一般过去时



5.


本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型;



6.


本单元学过的日常交际用语。



我的座位在玛丽座位的前面。



He is sitting in the front of the car with the driver.


他和司机坐在小车的前部。



【中考范例】



1.



2004


年烟台市中考试题





In the exam, the


______


you are, the


______



mistakes you'll make.



A. carefully, little


more careful, fewer


D. more careful, less



B. more carefully, fewest C.


【解析】答案:



C

< br>。该题考查的是形容词和副词的比较以及他们的比较等级的用法。第一个空应填形容词


careful


的比较级,因为它在句中作表语,第二个空应填



few


的比较级,因为它修饰的是复数可数名词。



2.



2004


年河北省中考试题





Bob never does his homework


_


_______


Mary. He makes lots of mistakes.



A. so careful


B. as carefully as C. carefully D. as careful as



【解析】答案:



B

< br>。该题考查的是形容词和副词的用法比较。该空应填副词,因为它修饰的是动词



does




该题用的是



not as+


副词



+as


的结构,所以答案应是



B




3.



2004


年重庆市中考试题





That day I saw some parents


_


_______


at the back of the classroom,


_


__ to the teacher.



A. sitting, listened


B. sat, listened C. sitting, listening D. sat, listening



【解析】答案:



C


。该题考查的是



see sb. doing sth.


的句型结构和分词作状语的用法。第一个空



stting




句中作



saw


的宾语补足语,第二个空



listening


做伴随状语。



4.



2004


年杭州市中考试题





You


________


open the door before the train gets into the station.



A. don't have to


B. mustn't C. needn't D. may not



【解析】



答案



:B


。 该题考查的是几个情态动词否定式的用法区别。



don't have to




needn't


的意思都是



“不



必”,


may not


的意思是“可以不” ,只有



mustn't


表示“不许” ,“禁止”。



15





初二年级(中)



【知识梳理】



I.


重点短语




1. give a concert


16




2. fall down



3. go on




4. at the end of



5. go back



6. in ahurry



7. write down



8. come out



9. all the year round



10. later on



11. at times



12. ring sb. up



13. Happy New Year!



14. have a party



15. hold on



16. hear from



17. be ready



18. at the moment



19. take out



same as




21. turn over



22. get-together




23. put on



24. take a seat



25. wait for



26. get lost



27. just then



28. first of all



29. go wrong



30. make a noise



31. get on



32. get off



33. stand in line



34. at the head of



35. laugh at



36. throw about



37. in fact



38. at midnight



39. enjoy oneself



40. have a headache



41. have a cough



42. fall asleep



43. again and again



44. look over



45. take exercise




II.


重要句型



1. be good for sth.



2. I think


?



3. I hope


?



4. I love


?



5. I don't like


?



6. I'm sure


?



7. forget to do sth.



8. take a message for sb.



9. give sb. the message



10. help yourself to sth.



11. be famous for sth.



12. on one's way to


?



13. make one's way to


?



14. quarrel with sb.



15. agree with sb.



16. stop sb. from doing sth.



III.


交际用语



's the weather like today?



's cold, but quite suuny.



cold it is today!



, but it'll be warmer later on.



we make a snowman?



. Come on!



New Year!



I speak to Ann, please?




on, please.



a lot for inviting me to your


party.


. But I'm afraid I may be a little



late.



I take a message for you?



's OK. It doesn't matter.



14.I'm very sorry, but I can't come.



15.I'm sorry to hear that.



birthday!



you like ...? Would you like


to ...?


you think ...? Yes, I think so. /



No, I don't



think so.



you agree? Yes, I agree. / No,



really agree. I really can't agree.



are a few / a lot of ... / on


it.




don'


t



17





do we. 22.I'm happy you like it.



23.


24.


25.


26.


Which is the way to ..., please?



Turn right/left at the ... crossing.



Go on until you reach ...



How can I get to ...? Go down/up/along this


will come, too.



(2)


wish


可以接



sb. to do sth.



Do you wish me to come back later?



4.


be sure to do sth./ be sure of/about sb. or


sth. (1)be sure to do sth.



39.


You mustn't eat anything until you see the


road.



27.


What's the matter? 'll take you half


doctor.



40.


41.



What's the trouble?



What's the matter with


an hour to ... 'd better catch a bus.


may be in ... Ah, so it is



31.


32.


You must be more careful!



You mustn't cross the road now. you


?


?



didn't feel like eating anything.



43.


44.


45.


46.


Nothing serious.



Have/get a pain in


?



No problem.



Take this medicine three times a day.



want to cross a street, you must wait for the


green light.



stand in line. must wait for


your turn.



you don't go soon, you'll be late.



37.I


don't feel very well.



IV.


重要语法



38.


My head hurts.


【名师讲解】



1.


一般过去时;



2.


反意疑问句的用法;



on


指在某物的表面上,和某物接触;



above


指在某物的



over


指在某物的正上方,



不和某物接触。



试比较:



3.


一般将来时;



1.


above/ over/ on


这三个介词都表示“在


?


?



上” ,但含义不同。



上方,不和某物接触,




也不一定在某物的正上方;



is a book on the


desk.


课桌上有一本书



I raise my right hand above my head.


我把右手高举过


4.


感叹句;



There is a stone bridge over the river.





河面上有座石


2.


forget to do


sth./forget doing sth.


forget to do sth.


意思是


I forgot to tell him the news.


,实际上还没做;



5.


简单句的五种基本句型;



6.


情态动词



can, may




must, have to



,实



“忘记做某事” 际上已经做过


了。试比较:



I forgot


telling him


the news.


类似


我已经把这条消息告诉他了,我却忘了


用法;



等。



remember, regret


在汉语中都有“希望”的意思,但其含义和用法有所不同。主要区别


如下:



hope


只能用来表示可能实现的愿望。例如:



的词还有:



3.


hope/wish


hope




wish



(1)


我但愿自己能年轻二十岁。



我希望你能很快好起来。



wish


可以用来表示不


我希望他也能来。



可实现的愿望



I wish I were


20 years younger. I hope


的结构,而



hope


不可以。例如:



你是否希望我再来?



7.


时间状语从句和条件状语从句。



you'll be better soon. I wish the weather wasn't


so cold. I hope he


可以用来表示说话人给对方提出要求,意思是“务必” ,也可以用来表示说话人做




18





forget doing sth,


意思是“忘记做过某事” 我忘


记告诉他这条消息了。


19





的推断,意思是“一定” ,“肯定”。例如:



Be sure to lock the door when you leave.


你离开时务必把门锁好。



It's a good film. You are sure to enjoy it.


这是一部好电影,你肯定会喜欢的。



(2)be sure of/about sth.


可用来表示“某人对某事有把握” 。例如:



I'm sure of his success.


我相信他会成功。



I think it was three years ago, but I'm not sure about it.


我想那是三年前的事情,但我没有把握。



5.


hear from/hear of



hear


意思是“听到” ,从哪里听到要用



from


来表示。例如:



I've heard from Xiao Wu that we'll start out military training tomorrow.


我听小吴说,我们明天开始



军训。



Listen to the tape and write out what you hear from Han Mei.


到的内容。



听录音,并写出你从韩梅那里听



hear from


还有一个意思是“收到某人的来信” (


=receive a letter from sb.


I heard from my pen friend in the U.S.A. last month.


I heard from her last week.


我上周接到了她的来信。



)


。例如:



上个月我受到了美国笔友的来信。



hear of


和和



hear from


含义不同。



hear of


意思是“听说” ,“得知”(某事或某人的存在


)


,常用在疑问



句和否定句里。



例如:



Who is he? I've never heard of him.


他是谁?我从来没有听说过他。



I never


heard of such a thing!


这样的事我从来没有听说过。



6.


It's a pleasure./With pleasure.



It's a pleasure


这句话常用作别人向你表示致谢时的答语,意思是“那是我乐意做的” 。例如:



---Thank you for helping me.


谢谢你地帮助。



---It's a pleasure.


那是我乐意做的。



---Thanks a lot. Bye.


非常感谢。



再见。



---It's a pleasure.


那是我乐意做的。再见。



类似的话还有




Not at all.


” “


You are welcome.


” “


That's all right.



With pleasure


也用作客气的答语,



主要


用在别人要你做某事,



而你又非常愿意去做的场合。



例如:


---Will you please pass me the newspaper,


please?


---With pleasure.


当然可以。



7.


seem/look



(1)


二者都可以作



“看起来” 讲,但



seem


暗示凭借一些迹象作出的有根据的判断,


这种判断往往接近事


请你把报纸递给我好吗?



实;



look


着重强调由视觉得出的印象。



两者都可跟



(to be)+


形容词和



as if


从句。如:


He seems / looks


(to be) very happy today.


他今天看起来很高兴。



It looks (seems) as if it it is going to rain.


(2)


但下列情况中只用



seem


不用



look




1)


后跟不定式



to do


时。如:



He seems to know the answer.


他似乎知道答案。



2)




It seems that ...


结构中。如:



It seems that he is happier now than yesterday.


好像要下雨了。



他像比昨天高兴




了。



8.


be ready to do/be ready for/ get ready to do/get ready for



(1)be ready to do




be ready for


?


表示“已作好


?


的准备” ,强调状态



(2)get ready to do




get ready for < /p>


?


表示“为


?


做 准备” ,强调行为。如:



I'm ready to do anything you want me to do.


我愿意



/


随时准备做一切做你要我做的事。



20





I'm ready for any questions you may ask.


我愿意



/


随时准备回答你可能问的问题。



He's getting ready to leave for Tokyo.


他正准备动身去东京。



Let's get ready for the hard moment.


我们为这一艰难时刻作好准备吧。



(3)


ready to do


表示



be ready to do


通常可理解“乐于做某事” ,即思想上总是有做某事的准备。



be not


“不轻易做某事” 。如:



He's usually not ready to listen to others.


9.


at table/at the table



他通常不轻易听从别人。



at table


在吃饭,



at the table


在桌子旁边。例如:



The Greens are at table.


格林一家人在吃饭。



Mr. Black is sitting at the table and reading a book.


布莱克先生坐在桌旁读书。



10.


reach, arrive/get to


三者都有



到达



之意。


reach


是及物动词,后直接加名词,



get



arrive


是不及


物动词,不能直接加名词,



须借助于介词。



get to


后加名词地点,若跟副词地点时,



to


去掉;



arrive at


+


小地方,



arrive in+


大地方。



如:



Lucy got to the zoo before 8 o'clock.


露西



8


点前到了动物园。



When did your parents arrive in Shanghai?


你父母何时到上海的?



It was late when I got home.


我到家时


天色已晚。



11.


sick/ill


二者都是形容词。当“生病的,患病“之意时,



ill


只作表语,不作定语;而



sick


既可作表


语也可作定语。



sick




呕吐,恶心




的意思,只能作表语,而



ill


无此意。如:



Li Lei was ill last week.




只作表语





李磊上周生病了。



He's a sick man.


(作定语)他是病人。不能


说成:



He's an ill grandfather was sick for a month last year.


(作表语)我祖父去年病了一个


月。



12.


in time/on time in time




及时



的意思,



on time




准时,按时




。如:



I didn't get to the bus


stop in time.


我没有及



时赶上汽车。



We'll finish our job on time.


我们要按时完成任务。



13.


may be/maybe



It may be in your inside pocket. = Maybe it is in your inside pocket.


也许在你里边的口袋里。第一句





may be


是情态动词



+be


动词构成的谓语部分,意思是




也许是






可能是




;第二句中的



maybe


是副



词,意思是




可能



,常位于句首,不能位于句中,相当于另一副词

< p>


perhaps


。再如:



Maybe you put it in



that bag.


也许你放在了那只包里。



(不能说



You maybe put it in that bag.




It may be a hat.


那可能是


顶帽子。



(不能说



It maybe a hat.




It maybe is a hat.




14.


noise/ voice/ sound noise


指嘈杂声,噪音大的吵杂声。



voice


是指说话的声音,嗓音,嗓子。



sound


是指耳朵能够听到的声



音、闹声等。它是表示声音之意的最普通的字。有时还用作科学上的声音。例如:



Don't make so much noise!


别那么大声喧哗!



I didn't recognize John's voice on the telephone.


在电话里我听不出约翰的声音。



我们听到了一种奇怪的声音。



He spoke in a low voice.


他低声说话。



We heard a strange sound.


Sound travels fast, but light travels faster.


声音传得快,但是光传得更快。



21





【考点扫描】



中考考点在本单元主要集中在:



1.


一般过去时;



2.


反意疑问句的用法;



3.


一般将来时;



4.


感叹句;



5.


简单句的五种基本句型;



6.


情态动词



can, may




must, have to


的用法;



7.


时间状语从句和条件状语从句;



8.


本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型;



9.


本单元学过的日常交际用语。



考试形式可以是单项填空、完型天空、短文填空和完成句子。



【中考范例】



1.



2004


年长沙市中考试题





---Do you know if we will go to the cinema tomorrow?



---I think we'll go if we


_ too much homework.



A. will have B. had C. won't have D. don't have



【解析】答案:



D


。该题考查的是条件状语从句的时态。在条件和时间状语从句里通常用一般现在是表示

< br>



来的动作。



2.



2004


年佛山市中考试题





You have been to Tibet,


___ ? I was told that the snow-covered mountains were very beautiful.



A. have you


B. haven't you C. don't you



【解析】答案:



B

< br>。该题考查的是反意疑问句的构成。反意疑问句的前一部分是肯定句,后一部分就应该是

< br>


否定的疑问部分,而且要和前一部分保持时态上的一致。



3.



2004


年扬州市中考试题





---Jacky, look at that Japanese sumoist




相扑手




. ---Wow,


___________


!



A. How a fat man


B. What a fat man


C. How fat man


D. What fat man



【解析】答案:



B

< br>。该题考查的是感叹句的构成。这个感叹句省略了主谓部分,只保留了感叹部分。如果以

< br>


What


开头,就应该是



What a fat man!


如果是



How


开头,就应该是



How fat!



4.



2004


年福建省泉州市中考试题





---Thanks for your help. --- ______________



A. It doesn't matter


B. Don't thank me C. You're welcome D. That's right



You're


【解析】答案:



C

< br>。该题考查的是日常交际用语。回答别人的道谢通常用“



That's all right.



或”



welcome.




22



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-


-


-


-


-


-


-



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