-
Traditional
skills
一
、知识讲解及拓展
1. used
to
&
be
used
to
doing
&be
used
to
do
Used
to
do
sth
Be
used
to
doing
Be
used
to
do
过去常常做某事
习惯于做某事
被用于
......
只用于过去时态
可用于过去，现在，将来等时态
可用于任何时态
He
used
to
go
to
school
by
bike.
He
is
used
to
going
to
school.
=be
used
for
doing
Eg:
1
--How
is
your
grandma?
--She
is
fine.
She
used
to
________TV
at
home
after
supper.
But
now
she
is
used
to
_________
out
for
a
walk.
A
watch,
go
B
watching,
go
C
watching,
going
D
watch,
going
2
Bamboo
can
_______paper.
A
used
to
make
B
be
used
make
C
be
used
to
make
2
although
虽然，尽管
与
though
同义，
用来引导让步状语从句。
不能与
but
同时出现在句子中。
Although
比较正式，
常用于句首；
though
多用于非正式文体，表示强调。
Eg:
--The
boy
can
speak
both
English
and
Japanese_____he
is
only
ten.
--Wow,
what
a
clever
boy.
A
if
B
because
C
although
3
fit
adj.
健壮的，健康的
v.
合适，侧重于尺寸，大小合适。
To
keep
fit,
she
eats
a
lot
of
vegetables
and
fruits.
This
coat
doesn
’
t
fit
me.
4
up
to
到达，至多有；
up
to
now
到现在为止
=by
now
His
storybooks
are
up
to
50.
5
set
off
出发，动身
=set
out
They
set
off
at
night.
6
get/be
ready
for
为
......
做好准备，
be
ready
准备好的
.....
Be
ready
to
do
sth
准备做某事
Mother
gets
ready
for
dinner.
Tom
is
ready
for
the
exam.
7
tie...around..<
/p>
栓
......
在
......
周围
The
girl
ties
a
scarf
around
her
neck.
Tie
to
把
......
系在
< br>......
He
tied
the
horse
to
a
tree.
Tie
up
系好，捆好
Please
tie
up
your
safety
belt.
8
stop
...from
doing
阻止
< br>.......
做
......=prevent
...from=keep
...from
The
heavy
rain
prevented/kept
us
from
climbing
the
mountain.
9
reach& get& arrive
Reach
Get
Arrive
10 hang
悬挂，吊
悬挂：
hang-hung-hung;
绞死，吊死：
hang-hanged-hanged
及物动词，后直接跟表示地点的名词
Get
to
+
地点名词；
get
here/the
Arrive
at+
小地点；
arrive
in
+
大地点；可当不及物动词：
He
arrived.
Are
you
ready?
I
’
m
ready
to
go.
D
be
used
to
making
11 throw
短语
Throw ...into
把
......
扔进
.... Throw
away
扔掉
throw off
匆匆脱掉
throw at
向
......
扔去
He threw a stone into the river.
Throw away those old newspapers.
12 require& need
Require
Need
及物动词
及物动词
情态动词
Require to
be done;
require doing; require sb. to
do
Need to do; need to be done; need
doing
Need do
The room
needs to be cleaned.
You
needn’t
come.
Don’t
throw off your coat.
It’s
cold outside.
Tom threw stones at my
dog.
Plants require watering every day.
They require that I should appear.
I need to buy a new bike.
13 no more& no longer
No
more
不再
常用来修饰非延续性动词，表示今后不再重复以前发生的动作，多指数量上不再增加，程度
< br>不再加深。
=not ...anymore
No longer
不再
相当于
not ...any longer,
在句中起副词作用，用来修饰延续性动词，指某事从时间上讲以后不
再发生，其
时间不再延续。
He no more comes.
14 mistake
错误
Make a mistake
犯错误
by mistake
错误地，无意中
He
makes a lot of mistakes in grammar.
I
took her umbrella by mistake.
I often
mistake Lucy for Lily.
15 after& later
After
Later
介词
副词
形容词
常用于过去时态，
after+
一段时间表示某段时间后
常用于过去时或将来时，一段时间
+later
意为
“
后来的
”
，修饰名词
Mistake A for
B
把
A
错认成
B
We are no longer students.
He is no more a student.= He
isn’t
a student any more.
After two years, he died in London.
Tom left for Shanghai two weeks later.
16 keep
短语
Keep sb/sth +
形容词：
使
......
保持
......;
keep
+
形容词：保持某种状态；
keep (sb)
doing
：
不停地做某事
Coats
will keep you warm.
We should keep
out school clean and tidy.
17
名词
+y=
形容词
Health(
健康）
+y=he
althy
（健康的）
luck(
幸运）
+y=lucky
（幸运的）
In
good/bad/poor health
健康状况好
/<
/p>
不好
keep healthy
保持健康
For luck
为了吉利；
18 be made
from& be made of
Be made from
< br>由
......
制成；看不出原材料
Be made of
由
......
制成；看得出原材料
bad luck
倒霉
good luck
好运
The shop keeps open twelve hours a day.
Don’t
keep talking.
Be made up of
由
......
组成
Be made into
被制成
.....
They
made wine from rice.
Paper is made
from wood.
19 voice& noise& sound
V
oice
Noise
Sound
二、语法——被动语态
嗓音；指喉咙发出的声音
噪声
泛指一切声音
Be made in
在
......
制造
< br>
The house is made of wood,
The doll is made up of four parts.
The girl has a beautiful voice.
Don
’
t make any
noise!
At midnight he heard a strange
sound.
英语动词有两种语态：
___________
_____
和
___________________
。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被
动语态表示主语是动作的承受
者。
1
、被动语态的构成
：
英语动词的被动语态由
____________________________
构成。
助动词
be
必须与主语的人称和数量保持一
致，
并有时态的变化。例如：
The man was
fooled by the two book has been translated into
several languages.
2
、被动语态的用法
（
1
）动作的执行者不知道是谁或难以说明时常用被
动语态。例如：
Street lights are
often turned on at six in winter.
The new test book will be used next
term.
（
2
）
当动作的承受者比起动作的执行者来说更能引起人们的关心而需要加以强调时，
要用被动语态。
例如：
This
kind of bicycle is not sold in our shop.
The thief was caught by a policeman
yesterday.
（
3
）
含有双宾语的句子，
主动句中的间接宾语或者直接宾语都可变为被动
语态中的一个主语，
另一个保留不
变。变为主语的若是主动句中
的直接宾语在变为间接宾语前则需加介词
to
或
for
。
例如：
The pianist
gave the pupils(
间接宾语
)some
advice(
直接宾语
)
→The
pupils were given some
advice by the pianist.
→Some
advice was given to the pupils by the pianist.
(4)
在主动语态句中动词
make
、
have
、
let
、
see
、
w
atch
、
hear
、
feel
等后接动词不定式作宾语补足语，动词不
定式
不加
to
。但变成被动语态时后面的不定式都须加上
to
。
例如：
The boss made
them work ten hours a
day.→
They were made to work ten hours a day.
A boy saw him enter the
house.→
He was seen to enter
the house.
3
、被动语态的时态
一般现在时构成：助动词
be +
动词的过去分词
例如：
This kind of car is made
in shanghai.
一般过去时构成：助动词
was/were +
动词的过去分词
现在进行时构成：
be + being +
动词的过去分词
例如：
The bridge was built in
1992.
例如：
A new bridge is
being built in my hometown.
过去进行时构成：
was/were + being +
动词的过去分词
例如：
The plan was being
discussed by them at that time .
一般将来时构成：
will/be going to do
+ be +
动词的过去分词
例如：
These books are going to
be posted tomorrow.
过去将来时构成：
would/was(were
)going to do + be +
动词的过去分词
现在完成时构成：助动词
have/has + been +
动词的过去分词
例如：
The room would be painted
.
例如：
Has his work been
finished?
过去完成时构成：助动词
had +
been +
动词的过去分词
例如：
The news had
been told to him by us .