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历年考研英译汉全真试题及详解 (11)

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2021-02-09 15:39
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2021年2月9日发(作者:riverside)



Unit 6



< br>1999


年)





71



While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians



modern


practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the


significant events of the past. Caught in the web of its own time and place



each generation of


historians determines anew what is significant for it in the past. In this search the evidence found


is


always


incomplete


and


scattered;


it


is


also


frequently


partial


or


partisan.


The


irony


of


the


historians craft is that its practitioners always know that their efforts are but contributions to an


unending process.




< p>
72



Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of


history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.


While history once revered its affinity to literature and philosophy



the emerging social sciences


seemed


to


afford


greater


opportunities


for


asking


new


questions


and


providing


rewarding


approaches to an understanding of the past. Social science methodologies had to be adapted to a


discipline


governed


by


the


primacy


of


historical


sources


rather


than


the


imperatives


of


the


contemporary world.





73< /p>



During


this

< p>
transfer



traditional


historical


methods


were


augmented


by


additional


methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.




Methodology is a term that remains inherently ambiguous in the historical profession.





74< /p>



There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical


work


in


general


or


to


the


research


techniques


appropriate


to


the


various


branches


of


historical


inquiry.

< br>Historians



especially


those


so


blinded


by


their


research


interests


that


they


have


been


accused of “tunnel method



”frequently fall victim to the “technicist



fallacy.” Also common in


the


natural


sciences



the


technicist


fallacy


mistakenly


identifies


the


discipline


as


a


whole


with


certain parts of its technical implementation.



75



It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and


internal


criticism


of


sources.


And


to


social


science


historians


who


equate


their


activity


with


specific techniques.






Unit 6



翻译题解:



71




While


there


are


almost


as


many


definitions


of


history


as


there


are


historians,


modern


practice


most


closely


conforms


to


one


that


sees


history


as


the


attempt


to


recreate


and explain the significant events of the past.





句子分析:





第一、句子可以拆分为三段:



While


there


are


almost


as


many


definitions


of


history


as


there


are


historians,


/


modern


practice most closely conforms to one / that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the


significant events of the past.





第二、句子的结构:





1



主干结构是


While there are almost as... as there are... +


主句,


Wh ile


引导让步状语从句,


从句中


as ... as


结构是比较级,这句话直译为有多少历史学家,就有多少关于历史的定义。






2


)主句中


one

是宾语,后面的


that


从句是它的定语从句。

< p>




3



sees history as



……


看作是,不定式短语

< p>
to recreate and explain...


作名词


the attempt


的定语。





第三、词的处理:





While


虽然,尽管;


definitions


定义,界定;


modern practice


现代(补词:史学家的)


实践;


conforms to


符合于,趋向于认为;


attempt


试图,尝试;


to recreate


再现,重现


(不能说重新创造历史)



events


事件,结合上下文引申为史实





完整的译文:





71



几乎 每个历史学家对史学都有自己的界定,


但现代史学家的实践最趋向于认为,



史学是试图重现过去的重大史实并对其作出解释。






72




Interest


in


historical


methods


has


arisen


less


through


external


challenge


to


the


validity


of


history


as


an


intellectual


discipline


and


more


from


internal


quarrels


among


historians themselves.





句子分析:





第一、句子可以拆分为三段:



Interest


in historical


methods has arisen / less through external challenge to the validity of


history as an intellectual discipline / and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.





第二、句子的结构





1


)主干结构是一个简单句:


Interest... has arisen less through ...and more from...





2



并列状语


le ss through ...and more from


的翻译是关键,

< p>
through



from


意思完全相同,


表示原因,直译比较少的是因为


……


,更多的原因是


……





3



cha llenge


后面的不定式短语


to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline< /p>


是它的


定语,直译对历史作为一门学科的正确性提出异议,


internal quarrels


后面的介词短语


among


historians themselves



quarrels


的定语。





第三、词的处理:





Interest in historical methods


对历史方法的关注


(兴趣)

< br>;


arisen


来自于,


产生 于


challenge


质疑,挑战;


v alidity


真实性,正确性;


as an intellectual discipline


作为一门学问(一个


学科领域)



internal quarrels


内部意见不统一,内部分歧





完整的译文:





72


)< /p>


人们之所以关注历史研究的方法论,


主要是因为史学界内部意见不 一,


其次是因为


外界并不认为历史是一门学问。






73




During this transfer, traditional historical methods were augmented by additional


methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.





句子分析:





第一、句子可以拆分为三段:



During


this


transfer,


/


traditional


historical


methods


were


augmented


/


by


additional


methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.





第二、句子的结构:





1


)主干 结构是一个被动语态的简单句:


...methods were augmented by...





2


)过去分词短语


designed to...


作句子宾语


methodologies

< p>
的定语。





第三、词的处理:





transfer


转变;


augmented


充实,补充;


additional


methodologies


新方法;



designed


to

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