-
Unit 6
(
< br>1999
年)
(
71
)
While
there are almost as many definitions of history as
there are historians
,
modern
practice most closely conforms to one
that sees history as the attempt to recreate and
explain the
significant events of the
past. Caught in the web of its own time and
place
,
each generation of
historians determines anew what is
significant for it in the past. In this search the
evidence found
is
always
incomplete
and
scattered;
it
is
also
frequently
partial
or
partisan.
The
irony
of
the
historians craft is that its
practitioners always know that their efforts are
but contributions to an
unending
process.
(
72
)
Interest in
historical methods has arisen less through
external challenge to the validity of
history as an intellectual discipline
and more from internal quarrels among historians
themselves.
While history once revered
its affinity to literature and
philosophy
,
the emerging
social sciences
seemed
to
afford
greater
opportunities
for
asking
new
questions
and
providing
rewarding
approaches to an understanding of the
past. Social science methodologies had to be
adapted to a
discipline
governed
by
the
primacy
of
historical
sources
rather
than
the
imperatives
of
the
contemporary world.
(
73<
/p>
)
During
this
transfer
,
traditional
historical
methods
were
augmented
by
additional
methodologies
designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in
the historical study.
Methodology is a term that remains
inherently ambiguous in the historical profession.
(
74<
/p>
)
There is no agreement
whether methodology refers to the concepts
peculiar to historical
work
in
general
or
to
the
research
techniques
appropriate
to
the
various
branches
of
historical
inquiry.
< br>Historians
,
especially
those
so
blinded
by
their
research
interests
that
they
have
been
accused of “tunnel
method
,
”frequently fall
victim to the “technicist
fallacy.” Also common in
the
natural
sciences
,
the
technicist
fallacy
mistakenly
identifies
the
discipline
as
a
whole
with
certain parts of its technical
implementation.
(
75
)
It
applies equally to traditional historians who view
history as only the external and
internal
criticism
of
sources.
And
to
social
science
historians
who
equate
their
activity
with
specific techniques.
Unit 6
翻译题解:
71
)
While
there
are
almost
as
many
definitions
of
history
as
there
are
historians,
modern
practice
most
closely
conforms
to
one
that
sees
history
as
the
attempt
to
recreate
and
explain the significant events of the past.
句子分析:
第一、句子可以拆分为三段:
While
there
are
almost
as
many
definitions
of
history
as
there
are
historians,
/
modern
practice most closely
conforms to one / that sees history as the attempt
to recreate and explain the
significant
events of the past.
第二、句子的结构:
1
)
p>
主干结构是
While there are almost
as... as there are... +
主句,
Wh
ile
引导让步状语从句,
从句中
as
... as
结构是比较级,这句话直译为有多少历史学家,就有多少关于历史的定义。
2
)主句中
one
是宾语,后面的
that
从句是它的定语从句。
3
)
sees history as
把
……
看作是,不定式短语
to recreate and explain...
作名词
the
attempt
的定语。
第三、词的处理:
While
虽然,尽管;
definitions
定义,界定;
modern practice
现代(补词:史学家的)
实践;
conforms
to
符合于,趋向于认为;
attempt
试图,尝试;
to recreate
再现,重现
(不能说重新创造历史)
;
events
事件,结合上下文引申为史实
完整的译文:
71
)
几乎
每个历史学家对史学都有自己的界定,
但现代史学家的实践最趋向于认为,
历
史学是试图重现过去的重大史实并对其作出解释。
72
)
Interest
in
historical
methods
has
arisen
less
through
external
challenge
to
the
validity
of
history
as
an
intellectual
discipline
and
more
from
internal
quarrels
among
historians
themselves.
句子分析:
第一、句子可以拆分为三段:
Interest
in historical
methods has arisen / less through
external challenge to the validity of
history as an intellectual discipline /
and more from internal quarrels among historians
themselves.
第二、句子的结构
1
)主干结构是一个简单句:
Interest... has arisen less through ...and
more from...
p>
2
)
并列状语
le
ss through ...and more from
的翻译是关键,
through
和
from
意思完全相同,
表示原因,直译比较少的是因为
……
,更多的原因是
……
3
)
cha
llenge
后面的不定式短语
to the
validity of history as an intellectual discipline<
/p>
是它的
定语,直译对历史作为一门学科的正确性提出异议,
internal
quarrels
后面的介词短语
among
historians themselves
作
quarrels
的定语。
第三、词的处理:
Interest in historical
methods
对历史方法的关注
(兴趣)
< br>;
arisen
来自于,
产生
于
challenge
质疑,挑战;
v
alidity
真实性,正确性;
as an
intellectual discipline
作为一门学问(一个
学科领域)
;
internal quarrels
内部意见不统一,内部分歧
完整的译文:
72
)<
/p>
人们之所以关注历史研究的方法论,
主要是因为史学界内部意见不
一,
其次是因为
外界并不认为历史是一门学问。
73
)
During this transfer, traditional
historical methods were augmented by additional
methodologies designed to interpret the
new forms of evidence in the historical
study.
句子分析:
第一、句子可以拆分为三段:
During
this
transfer,
/
traditional
historical
methods
were
augmented
/
by
additional
methodologies
designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in
the historical study.
第二、句子的结构:
1
)主干
结构是一个被动语态的简单句:
...methods were augmented
by...
2
)过去分词短语
designed
to...
作句子宾语
methodologies
的定语。
第三、词的处理:
transfer
转变;
augmented
充实,补充;
additional
methodologies
新方法;
designed
to
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