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英语省略与倒装
一
:
倒装语序的重点
< br>英语的基本语序
“
主语
+
谓语
”
,
这叫陈述句
语序。
如果将谓语的全部或一部分放在主语之前,
这种语序叫做
倒装语序。当谓语全部放在主语之前时,叫做全部倒装;当谓语的一部分
(
如
助动词或情态动词
)
放在
主语前面时,叫做部分倒装。以下几点是倒装的重点:
(1)
句首为下列副词的句子
Here,T
here,Now,Out,In,Up,Down,Away,Off,Then,
不加助动词直接倒装
.
例如:
Here is a ticket for
you.
这里有你一张票。
Down
came the bird.
那只鸟飞了下来。
Up went the
plane.
那架飞机冲入云霄。
注意
:
但是如果主语是代词就不倒装。
例如:
Here you are. There he
comes.
(2)
在下列副词为首的句型中,形成部分倒装
。
Only+
副词、介词短语、状语
从句
或
Often,Many a
time
。
①
Only then did I realize the
importance of English.
②
Only
in Beijing have I seen such a beautiful scenery.
③
Only when the war was over
in 1918 was he able to come back to work.
④
Often did we ask her not to
be late for school
⑤
Many a
time has he helped
us.
他曾多次帮助过我们。
(3)
用于前面所说的情况也适用于
另一人
(
或物
)
的肯定句或否定句中:
①
肯定重复倒装用
:
so
例如:
They have all
got up,and so has
Jack
他们都起来了,所以杰克也起来了。
②
否定重复倒装用:
nor,neither,no
more
。
例如:
If you don’t agree to our
plan,neither will they.
如果你们不同意我们的计划
,他们也不同意。
Tom
can’t speak (Neither)can Jack.
汤姆不会讲法语,杰克也不会讲。
(4)
在下列以否定意义的副词、短
语为首的句子或句型中,形成部分倒装:
never,
seldom ,at no time(
决不
)
,
(
注意
:in no
time
不倒装
) by no means(
决不
)
,
nowhere
,in no
case(
决不
),
little,
under(in)no
circumstances
,not
only
,neither
,nor
,no
sooner...than...,never
before, not until, hardly
(scarcely ,barely)...when...,not
only...but also....
例如:
Never
before have I seen such a wonderful park.
我从未看见过这样美丽的公园。
No
sooner had I gone out than it
rained.
我刚出去,就下雨了。
(5)
用于让步状语从句中
(
由某些连词连接的
)
:
no matter how
(who...),however,as
。
例如:
No matter how busy he
is,he has to attend the meeting.
无论多忙,他都得去参加会议。
However cold it is,he always goes
swimming.
无论多冷他总去游泳。
Brave as they are,they are afraid of
fight.
他们虽然很勇敢,但害怕斗争。
(6)so …that
句型中
,
so
放在句首
,
要用倒装
:
So loudly did he
speak that even people in the next room could hear
him.
So shallow was the river that
there were no fish in the lake.
(7)
省略
if
的虚拟条件句
Had I been
informed earlier ,I could have come .
Should anyone call ,tell him to wait
for me here.
(8)as
/though
p>
引导的让步状语从句中
,
把表语、宾语、状
语提到句首
,有的称为倒状,其实
主谓并没有倒状
Young as he is ,he is very brave.
Child as he is ,he knows a lot.
Try as he might ,he failed again.
Much as I
like the book ,I
won’t buy it.
(8
)
There be+
主语
+
其它
There is a book on the desk
(9)
分词放句首时起强调作用,句子全部倒装。
Gone are the days when we depended on
foreign oil.
(10)
句子的倒装
Not only…but also,
Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner…
than(
注意此处的时
态问题
:
Hardly/Scarcely…when, No
sooner… than
中
,Har
dly/Scarcely
加过去完成时
,when
后用
过去时
.No sooner
后用过去完成时
,than
后用过去时
)
1: Not only did he
refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the
sender.
2: Hardly had she
gone out when a student came to visit her.
3: No sooner had she gone
out than a student came to visit her.
4:No sooner___ than it began to rain
heavily.
A. the game began
B.
has the game begun
C. did
the game begin
D.
had the game begun
(11)
直接引语的全部或一部分放在句首时,主句中的主谓也常直接倒装。
(<
/p>
完全倒装)
e.g.
(12) A.
在疑问句中
各种疑问句一般地说都是倒装语序。例如:
1 :Will they come to see us this
weekend ?
2 :Are you talking about the
film you saw last Monday ?
3 :Can you
speak another foreign language except English?
4 :Where did you buy the dictionary, in
the book store nearby or in Xinhua bookstore?
5 :She is not a student, isn't she ?
她不是个学生,对吗?
(13).
在感叹句中某些感叹句也
用倒装语序。
例如:
Isn't it a beautiful garden !
多么美丽的花园啊!
What a
beautiful garden it is !
多么美丽的花园啊!
(在这种句式中,
主语在谓语之前,
属于自
然语序。对于主语和谓语而言,语序没有倒装。
)
Have you ever seen such a naughty
kid like him !
你见过那个孩子像他这么调皮!
(14)
由于修辞或是平衡句子的原因也可以用倒装句;也可
以不用。这不是一条必须的规定。
A
:Next to this one is another grand
hotel which is beautifully decorated .
这
家饭店隔壁还有一
家装修华丽的大饭店。
B : On either side of the great avenue
stood many block buildings.
这条大街的两侧都耸立着
许多综合楼。
(这类句子也可以不用倒装句。
)
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