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语法填空之构词法

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2021-02-09 19:51
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2021年2月9日发(作者:慢慢地)


语法填空解题指导之一——构词法



1.


英语常见构词法有:派生


,复合,转类,缩略,逆生,拟声。例:派生


im-possible,


复合


..


pair- work


,转类


a glass of water&water the flower,


缩略


PL A


,逆生


television



televise,




shh


2.


派生法:在词根上加前缀或后缀的方式形成新词的一种构词法。


3.


常见前缀:





1


)表否 定


/


相反的前缀:


un-,



non-,



ir-,




dis-,



il-,



im-,



de-



counter-, ab-


eg: unfair,unhappy






nonsmoker,nonsense,nonviolent,





irregular











dislike,disloyal, discontent,





illegal













impossible





decrease











counter-terrorist, counterstrike





abnormal


(2)


表错语


/


失当的前缀:


mis-




misunderstand, mislead


(3)


表反抗,反对的前缀:


anti-




antiwar, antisocial


(4)


表程度的前缀:


super-





supermarket, superstar


(5)


表时间的前缀:



pre-, fore- , post-


eg



prewar,



foretell, forecast,



postgraduate, postwar


(6)


表方法的前缀



sub-





subway, submarine,

























inter-



international, interaction


(7)


转化为动词的前缀




en-




enlarge


4.


常见后缀:



(1)



动词转化为名词



-(at)ion,



act



action, trans port



transportation


-ment ,




arrange



arrangement,









mov e



movement



- al ,






approve



approval













-ure



please

< p>


pleasure



-er/or





teach



teacher,






edit



editor,







act



___,


(-ist






science

< br>→


scientist, piano



____,art



____


-ian






physics

< br>→


physician, music



____)


-ee






employ



employee,int erview



_____


-age





cover



coverage, s tore



_____



marry



____



(2)


形容词转化为名词



-ness



ill



illness, happ y



____,sad



_____


-ity




diverse



diversity , active



activity


-ism



social



socialism




-ist



allergic



allergist


-th



wide



width, long



length,



(3)


名词转化为形容词



-y



sand



___, sun



___,rain



___,wind



___,cloud



____


-ish



England



English, child



______,fool



_____


-ful



help



____, colour



_____, use



____, joy



____


-less use



____, home



_____,care



_____, hope



____

-


-


-


-


-


-


-


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