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大学英语六级长难句解析100句

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2021-02-10 00:15
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2021年2月10日发(作者:sipc)


六级真题阅读长难句分析



1.


For hundreds of millions of years, turtles




海龟



have struggled out of the sea to lay


their eggs on


sandy beaches, long before there were nature


documentaries to celebrate them, or GPS satellites and marine biologists to track


them, or volunteers to handcarry the hatchlings




幼龟




down to


the water


'


s edge lest they become disoriented by headlights and crawl towards a


motel parking lot instead.



2009




6






【分析】本句为复合句,主架为



?



turtles have struggled


?




For hundreds of millions of


years


为介词短语作时间状语。



before


?



为时间状语从句,该从句





用的





there be


结构



,主



语为



or




接的三个



名词(



词组):



natural documentaries




GPS


satellites and marine biologists




volunteers


,主语



后的不定式均为主语的后置定语。



lest


“以免



”引导状语从句,采用虚拟语气。



【 译文】


数百万年以来,海龟们都挣扎着从海里爬出来,到沙滩上产卵,那时候

< p>


还没有自然纪录片来


记录它们的活动,没有



GPS


卫星和海洋生物学家跟踪它们,



没有志愿者用手把小海龟放到


水边以防它们被桅灯搞得迷失方向 而爬向旅馆的停



车场。



2.


The figures prompted Oceana to petition the government to upgrade the level of


protection for the North Atlantic loggerheads from



threatened



to



endangered


” —



meaning they are in danger of disappearing without additional


help.



2009




6





【分析】本句为复合句,主架为



The figures prompted Oceana


?




to petition the


government


为不定







prompted


的状







to upgrade the level of protection


?




不定式作



petition


的状语。



they are in danger


?



help




meaning


的宾语,相当于省略了


引导词



that


的宾语从句。



【译文】这些数字迫使



Oceana


向政府请求将对北大西洋大海龟的保护程度由



“受



到威


胁”提升到“濒临灭绝



”,这意味着如果没有额外的保护,



它们将面临消失的危



险。



3.


But Nature is indifferent to human notions of fairness, and a report by the Fish and


Wildlife Service showed a worrisome drop in the populations of several species of


North Atlantic sea turtles, notably loggerheads, which can grow to as much as 400


pounds.



2009




6





【分析】本句为并列复合句,主架为



Nature is indifferent


?



and


?



a report


?



showed


?



a


?



drop


?




But


表转折。



by the Fish and Wildlife Service


为介词



短语作



report


的后置定语。



which can grow to as much as 400 pounds


为非限



制性定


语从句,修饰



loggerheads



be indifferent to


意为“对


?

< br>无动于衷



”。


a drop in


指“在


?


方面下降



”。



【译文】但是大自 然对人们的平等观念却漠不关心,渔业和野生动物服务组织的



一项报告显


示,北大西洋好几种海龟的数量都在令人担忧地下降,尤其是一种能



够长到



400


磅重的大


海龟。



4.


The narrow strips of beach on which the turtles lay their eggs are being


squeezed on one side by development and on the other by the threat of rising sea


levels as the oceans warm.



2009




6





【分析】本句为复合句,



主架为



?



beach


?



are being squeezed



on which


?



eggs


为定


语从句,修饰



beach



squeezed


后接了两个由



on one side


?



and on the other


结构连接


的状语:



by development




by the threat



of rising sea levels




介词短语作



threat


的后置定语。



as the oceans warm


为原因状语从句。



【译文】一方面


是人类的开发,另一方面是海平面因海水变暖而上升,使得海龟



们产卵的狭窄沙滩正在缩


小。



5.


It turns out, according to Griffin, that while we have done a good job of protecting the


turtles for the weeks they spend on land



as egg- laying females, as eggs and as


hatchlings



, we have neglected the years they spend in the ocean.



2009




6






【分析】本句为复合句,主架为



It turns out


?



that


?



according to Griffin


为插入语。



that while


?



in the ocean


为宾语从句。



while


在这里为连词,表转



折。



they spend on


land


为省略了引导词的定语从句,修饰的是



the weeks


。括



号内内容进一步解释



they


spend on land



as


相当于



“作为



?


”。


they spend in the ocean


为省略了引导词的定语


从句,修饰



the years




【译文】按照



Griffin


的说法,答案是这样:虽然我们对保护海龟们(产卵的母



海龟,龟


卵,小海龟)在岸上度过的几个星期做得很好,但是我们却 忽略了它们



在海里度过的岁月。



6.


Ultimately we must get a handle on those issues as well, or a creature that outlived the


dinosaurs




恐龙




will meet its end at the hands of humans,


leaving our descendants to wonder how a creature so ugly could have won so much


affection.



2009




6





【分析】本句为复合句,



主架为



we must


?



or


?



or


表条件。


get a handle on sth.


指“着


手处理某事



”。


that


?



dinosaurs


为定语从句,修饰的是



a creature



leaving our


?



为现


在分词短语作结果状语。



how a


?



affection


为宾语从句,作



wonder


的宾语。固定短语



meet one


'


s end


指“迎接末日,即死亡



”,


at the hands of


为,



指“出自



?


之手,由



?


完成”。



【译文】最终,我们必须着手处理这些问题,否则,这种比恐龙寿命还要长的生



物将会在人


类手中灭绝,从而给我们的后代留下疑问:为什么这么丑的 生物却能



获得人们如此多的关


爱?



7.


But economists say families about to go into debt to fund four years of partying, as well


as studying, can console themselves with the knowledge that college is an investment


that, unlike many bank stocks, should yield huge dividends.



2009




6






【分析】本句为复合句,主架为



economists say families


?



can


?



about to go into debt




families


的后置定语,



to fund four years


为不定式作目的状语,



of partying, as well


as studying


为介词短语作后置定语。



that college


?



investment


为同位语从句,作



knowledge


的同位语;



that


?



should yield huge dividends


为定语从句,修饰的是



investment


,在该从句中,



unlike many bank stocks


为插入语。


< p>
【译文】但是,经济学


家说,那些即将要负债来支付四年的聚会和学习费用 的家



庭可以从以下事实得到一些安慰:


上大学是一项投资,与银行股票不同的是,这



项投资将有巨大的红利。



8.


A 2008 study by two Harvard economists notes that the



labor-market premium to


skill


”—



or the amount college graduates earned that


'


s greater than


what high-school graduates earned




decreased for much of the 20th century, but


has come back with a vengeance




6





【分析】本句为复合句,主架为



A 2008 study


?



notes


?



by two Harvard


economists




study


的后置定语,



说明



study


的发起者。



that


引导一个很长的宾



语从


句,作



notes


的宾语。在该宾语从句中,主语为



the



labor-market premium to skill


”,


谓语有两个,由



but


连接,即



decreased




has comeb ack



for much of the 20th


century




since the 1980s


为时间状语,修饰谓语。两个破折号



中间的内容为插入语,解


释说明




labor-market premium to skill


”。在该插入语



中,



what


引导宾语从句,作



than


的宾语,相当于



the amount




【译文】



2008


年哈佛大学的两位经济学者所做的一项研究指出,



“劳动力市场给



技能的


额外收益



”——或者说大学毕业生比高中毕业生挣得多的那部分钱



——




< /p>


20


世纪的大部


分时间都在下降,但是从



20


世纪



80


年代起,开始迅速回升。



报复性地




since the 1980s.



2009




9.


But a look at the strange variations in tuition reveals that the choice about which


college to attend doesn


'


t come down merely to dollars and cents.



2009




6





【分析】本句为复合句,主架为



a look


?



reveals


?



that


引导宾语从句,作



reveals


的宾


语。



about which college to attend


为介词短语作



choice


的后置



定语。



which college to attend


为宾语从句,作



about


的宾语。



come down to


指“取决于



?


”。



【译 文】但是看一下学费的奇怪变化,就可以知道选择去哪所大学不仅仅取决于



金钱了。



10.


No, in this consumerist age, most buyers aren


investment, but rather as a consumer product


a house.



2009




6






'


t evaluating college as an




like a car or clothes or


【分析】本句为简单句,主架为



buyers aren


'


t evaluating college


?



as


?



but rather


as


?



in this consumerist age


为时间状语。破折号后的



like a


?



house


解释说明



consumer product



evaluate sth. as


?



指“将某物评定为



?


”。



【译 文】不,在这个消


费年主义代,大多数买家不是把上大学看作投资,而是看



作消费品



——就像汽车、衣服和


房子一样。



11.


As with automobiles, consumers in today


'


s college marketplace have vast


choices, and people search for the one that gives them the most comfort and


satisfaction in line with their budgets.



2009




6





【分析】本句为



and


连接的并列复合句,



主架为



consumers


?



have vast choices,


and people search for the one



in today


'


s college marketplace


为介词短



语作后置定语。



that gives


?



satisfaction


为定语从句,修饰的是



the one




in line with


their budgets


为介词短语作状语。



in line with


指“与


?


一致,按照


?


”。



【译文】与 买汽车


一样,消费者在如今的大学市场有很多选择,人们会按照自己


的预算寻找那些让他们感到最


舒服最满意的。

< p>


12.


Since 2001, more than 1,000 high school and college students in the U.S. have


participated in the Body Project, which works by getting girls to understand how they


have been buying into the notion that you have to be thin to be happy or successful.



2009




6






【分析】本句为复合句,主架为



?



students


?



have participated in the Body Project



Since 2001


为时间状语。



which


?



successful


为非限制性定语从句,



修饰的是



the Body


Project



by


?



understand


为方式状语。



how they


?



notion


为宾语从句,作



understand


的宾语。



that you


?



successful


为同位语从句,解



释的是



notion




buy into


指“接受并


受(某种思想、观点等)的影响



”。



【译文】从



2001


年起,在美国已经有超过



1000< /p>



高中和大学生参与了这项



“身体



计划



”,这一计划旨在让女孩们了解她们是如何被灌输那




“为了成功和幸福,你



必须瘦



”的思想的。



13.


Such lasting effects may be due to girls


'


realizing not only how they were being


influenced but also who was benefiting from the societal pressure to be thin.



2009




6





【分析】本句为复合句,主架为



?



effects may be due to


?




girls


'


realizing


为动


名词作宾语。



realizing


后接了两个由并列结构



not only


?



but also


?





接的宾语从句,



分别是



howt hey were being influenced




who was benefiting


?



to be thin




【译文】这些持续的效果可能是因 为女孩们不仅意识到了她们是如何受到影响的,



还意识到


了谁从这些让大家感到应该瘦身的社会压力中受益。



14.


The company did not have the money to hire



experts



, and there was no


established athletic footwear industry in North America from which to recruit those


knowledgeable in the field.



2008




12






【分析】本句为



and


连接的并列复合句,主架为



The company did not have the money


?



and there was no


?



industry



to hire



experts


”为动词不定式作目



的状语。



established athletic footwear




industry


的前置定语。



in North


America


为地点状语。



from which to recruit those knowledgeable in the field


为“介词




which


”引导的定语从句,修饰的是



North America




【译文】公司没有钱去雇佣



“专家



”,而且当时在北美也没有既成的运动鞋行业,



无法从这一领域招聘到有才能的


人。



15.


What


'


s more, demandf or animal products in developing countries is growing so fast


that meeting it will require an extra 300 million tons of grain a year by 2050.



2008




12






【分析】本句为复合句,主架为



?



demand


?



is growing so fast that


?



What


'


s


more


为插入语。



that


?



by 2050


为结果状语从句,其中



meeting it


为现在分词



短语作主


语。



【译文】此外,发展中国家对动物制品的需求上升很快,要满足这些需求,需要





2050



之前每年增加



3


亿吨谷粮。



16.


The key will be to abandon the rather simple and static measures of sustainability,


which centre on the need to maintain production without increasing damage.



2008




12





【分析】本句为复合句,



主架为



The key will be


?



to abandon


?



sustainability


为不定式


作表语。



which centre on the need


?



damage


为非限制性定语从句,



修饰的是



measures of sustainability




【译文】关键是要摒弃简单的、一成不变的可持续发展的方法,这些方法以满足



生产需要但


又不增加对环境的破坏为中心。



17.


That is a much larger question than what should happen with undocumented workers,


or how best to secure the border, and it is one that affects not only newcomers but


groups that have been here for generations.



2008




12





【分析】本句为



and


连接的并列复合句,主架为



That is a


?



larger question


?



and it is


one


?


< br>much


修饰



larger



than


后接了两个由



or


连接的宾语从句:



what should


?



workers




how best


?



border



that


?



groups


为定语从句,修



饰的是



one


。在该定语


从句中,谓语



affects


后跟两个由并列结构



not only


?



but


?



连接的宾语,分别是



newcomers




groups



that have been here for generations


为定语从句,修饰的是



groups




【译文】这个问题,比



“对没有合法身份的工人应该采取什么政策



”、“怎样才能保



证边


境安全



”之类的问题要重要得多,



它不但影响到新移民,



也影响到那些在美国



生活了好


几代的族群。



18.


In time, Italians, Romanians and memberso f other so-called inferior races became


exemplary Americans and contributed greatly, in ways too numerous to detail, to the


building of this magnificent nation.



2008




12





【分析】本句为简单句,主架为



Italians, Romanians and members


?



became


?



Americans and contributed


?



to the building




of other so- called inferior races


为介词


短语作后置定语,修饰



members



in ways too numerous to detail


为插入语。



【译文】随着时间的流逝,意大利人、罗马尼亚人以及其他被称作



“劣等民族



”的



人成为


了美国人中的典范,他们以各种各样的方式为建设伟大的美国贡献良多。



19.


But as arguments about immigration heat up the campaign trail, we also ought to ask


some broader questions about assimilation, about how to ensure that people, once


outsiders, don


'


t forever remain marginalized within these


shores.



2008




12





【分析】本句为复合句,主架为



we


?



ought to ask


?



questions


?




But


表转折。



as


arguments


?



campaign trail


为时间状语从句。



about


?



, about


?


为介词短



语作后置定


语,修饰



questions



how to ensure


为宾语从句,作



about


的宾语。



that people


?


shores


为宾语从句,作



ensure


的宾语,在该从句中,


once outsiders


为插入语。



【译文】在总统竞选活动中,移民问题又再次升温,



我们应该问些更广泛的有关



“同



化”


的 问题,即如何保证这些过去的局外人不会在这个国度永远处于边缘地位。



20.


Sustainable development is applied to just about everything from energy to clean


water and economic growth, and as a result it has becomed ifficult to question either


the basic assumptions behind it or the way the concept is put to use.



2008




12






【分析】本句为并列复合句。



本句主干为



development is applied to everything, and it


has become difficult to question


?



from


?



to


?



意为


< /p>


“从


?



?


”,



from


?



to


?



growth


修饰



everything



as a result


表示结果。



either


?


or


?





为“或者


?


或者


?


”,



either


?



or the way




question


的宾语。



the concept is put to use


是定语从


句,先行词为



way


,在这里可以不用引导词。


< /p>


【译文】可持续发展被应用到了从能源到洁净水和经济增长的几乎每个领域。结

< p>


果,要想质


问这一概念背后的基本假设或者这一 概念是如何被执行的,就变得很



困难。



21.


This is especially true in agriculture, where sustainable development is often taken as


the sole measure of progress without a proper appreciation of historical and cultural


perspectives.



2008




12






【分析】



本句为复合句。



主句为



This is especially true in agriculture



where
























sustainable


?



perspectives
















agriculture




historical and cultural perspectives


意为



“从历史和文化的角



度”。



【译文】这一现象在农业领域 更是如此。在农业领域,可持续发展经常被当作进



步的唯一标


准,但人们忽略了从历史和文化的角度去合理地评价。



22.


Although children of Mexican immigrants do better, in terms of educational and


professional attainment, than their parents, UCLAs ociologist Edward Telles has found


that the gains don


'


t continue.


【分析】



本句为复杂句。



主句为



UCLAs ociologist Edward Telles has found that the


gains don


'


t continue



Although


引导让步状语从句。



in terms of


意为“在


??



方面”,



in terms


?



attainment


在句中作插入语。



that


引导的宾语从句作



find


的宾语。



【译文】尽管墨西哥移民的 孩子在教育和职业造诣方面比他们的父母做得要好,



但加利福 尼


亚大学洛杉矶分校的社会学家爱德华



·泰勒斯却发现,



他们的收入没有



增加。



23.


Telles fears that Mexican-Americans may be fated to follow in the footsteps of


American blacks




that large parts of the community may become mired




陷入




in


a seemingly permanent state of poverty and underachievement.


【分析】本句为复合


句。句子主干为



Telles fears that


?




that


引导的宾语从



句作



fears

< br>的宾语。破折号后的


内容对前面的内容进行解释说明,说明美籍墨西



哥人正在步美国黑人的后尘。



【译文】泰勒斯担心,美籍墨西哥人注定要步美国黑人的后尘



——



大部分人都可



能陷入看似永远的贫困和失意。



24.


It is sitting at a record low against the euro and at a 30-year low against the Canadian


dollar.



2008




6






【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为



It is sitting


?




It


指代的是前文中的美



元。


at


?



the Canadian dollar


为介词短语。



against


在这里表示美元与其他外



币的兑换比


率。


【译文】美元对欧元的比率也跌破记录,美元对加拿大元的比率更是跌到近三十



年的最低


点。



25.


Many Europeans may view the U.S. as an arrogant superpower that has become


hostile to foreigners.



2008




6






【分析】本句为复合句。句子主干为



Europeans may view the U.S. as a


superpower



view


?



as


意 为“把


?


看做”;第一句中的



that


引导定语从句,先行



词为



arrogant superpower




【译文】 许多欧洲人会认为美国是一个傲慢自大的超级大国,对外国人不友好。



但是,没有


什么比疲软的美元更让他们觉得美国温暖的了。


26.


Wes ee our kids


'


college background as a prize demonstrating how well we


'


ve raised


them.



2008




6





【分析】本句为复合句。主句为



Wes ee our kid


'


s college background as a prize




see


?



as


意为



“把


?


看做



”;


demonstrating


为现在分词作定语修饰



prize



how well


we


'


ve raised them




demonstrating


的宾语从句。



【译文】我们将孩子的 大学背景看做是对自己辛苦抚养他们的奖励。



27.


Underlying the hysteria




歇斯底里




is the belief that scarce elite degrees must be


highly valuable.



2008




6





【分析】本句为复合句。主句为



Underlying the hysteria is the belief




Underlying the


hysteria


为现在分词做主语,



that


引导同位语从句,修饰



belief




【译文】支撑这种疯狂

< p>
的是这样一种信念:稀有的精英学位必定价值颇高。



28.


I


'


m now applying to graduated school, which means someday I



2007




12





'


ll return to


a profession where people need to be nice to me in order to get what they want.


【分析】本句为复合句。主句为



I


'


m now applying to graduated school




which


引导非


限制性定语从句,作从句的主语。在定语从句中包含了一个省 略了引导词



that


的宾语从句,





means


的宾语。



宾语从句中又嵌套了一个



where


引导的定语



从句,修饰



profession,


where


在从句中作状语。在这个定语从句中又包含一个



what


引导的宾语从句,作



get


的宾


语。



【 译文】目前,我在申请研究生学历,这就意味着有一天我重回职场时,人们会



为了一己之


利而对我献媚。



29.


Like most people, I


'


ve long understood that I will be judged by my occupation, that my


profession is a gauge people use to see how smart or talented I am.



2007




12





【分析】



本句为并列复合句。



主句为



I


'


ve understood


。主句谓语动词



understood


后有


两个并列的



that


引导的宾语从句。在第二个宾语从句中包含一个省略



that


的定语从句



people use


?



,修饰



gauge


,还包含一个



how


引导的宾语从句。


< p>
【译文】像大多数人一


样,长期以来,我一直认为人们会以职业来评判我, 我的



职业才是人们用来评价我的聪明才


智的标准。



30.


According to an International Energy Agency study, if consumers chose those models


that would save them the most money over the life of the appliance, they


'


d cut global


residential power consumption



and their utility bills



by 43 percent.



2007




12






【分析】本句为复合句。主句为



they


'


d cut


?



by 43 percent




if


引导条件状



语从句,在


从句中包含了一个



that


引导的定语从句,修饰



models


。这个条件状



语从句为虚拟语气,


表示对现在的假设,从句谓语用过去时态,主句谓语 动词用



would do




【译文】



一份国际能源署的研究表明,



如果消费者选择在使用期间能节省电器费



用的家电


型号,他们将节省



43%


的全球居民用电量





和电费







31.



Men in my generation



aged 25-40



have a fear of becoming dads because we


have no role models,



says Jon Smith, a writer.



2007




12





【分析】本句为复合句。句子主干为




Men have a fear of becoming dads,



says Jon


Smith


。在直接引语中有一个



because


引导的原因状语从句。



在宾语从句为直



接引语的

< p>
句子里,若全部或部分直接引语位于主句之前则用倒装。



【译文】



“跟我同时代的男性




25


岁到



40


岁之间



都害怕当爸爸,这是因为我们没




学习的榜样,



”作家乔



·史密斯这样说道。



32.



Our nation


'


s core bargain with the middle class is disintegrating,



lamented








the 117th richest man in America.



2007




12







分析



】本



句为







句。



本句



主干为




bargain with the middle class is


disintegrating,



lamented the richest man


。直接引语作



lament


的宾语从句。



在宾语


从句为直接引语的句子里,若全部或部分直接引语位于主句之前,常用倒



装。



【译文】



“我们国家与中产阶级讨价还价的核心条件正在瓦解,



”一位在美国富豪



排行榜


排名



117


位的富翁哀叹道。



33.


If you love the social aspects of your job, but are stuck inside on office or



chained to


your desk



most of the time, vow to follow your instinct and investigate alternative


careers and work that allow you more time to interact with others.



2007




6





【分析】本句为复合句。主句为一个祈使句



vow to


?



,其中包含一个



that


引导



的定语从


句,修饰



work



that


在从句中作主语。



If


引导条件状语从句。从句中



包含一个



but


连接


的并列结构。


< br>【译文】如果你喜欢自己的工作具有社会性,然而大部分时间你却被拴在办公


室< /p>



里或者



“被绑在办公桌上



”,那就发誓按照自己内心的想法行事,去调查一下那些




以让你有更多的时间与他人进行交流的行业。


34.


Miller developed a 7-step process to help potential job seekers assess


their current situation and beliefs, identify their real passion, and start on a journey that


allows them to pursue their passion through work.



2007




6






【分析】本句为并列复合句。本句主干为



Miller developed a process to help job seekers


assess their situation


?


start on a journey




that


引导定语从



句修饰



journey


,作从句的主语。主句中



assess, identify, start


都是



help




并列补语。



【译文】米勒发明了七个 步骤帮助那些潜在的求职者评估他们目前的处境及信念,



激发 他们


真正的热情,然后踏上能让他们通过工作寻求激情的新征程。



35.


Obviously, there


'


s a difference between getting rid of possessions and losing them


through a natural disaster without having a say in the matter.



2006




12





【分析】本句为简单句。



句子主干为



there


'


s a difference



between


?



and


?





出并列


结构,



between


为介词,后跟名词、



代词或动名词。



介词



without


表示否



定,后跟名


词、代词或动名词。



【译文】显然,丢弃财产和在毫无征兆的自然灾害中丧失财产是完全不同的。



36.


The Bush administration seems bent on satisfying the small but vocal group of


Americans who oppose stem cell research under any conditions.



2006




12






【分析】本句为复合句



。主句为



The Bush administration seems bent on satisfying the


small but vocal group of Americans


。定语从句



who oppose stem cell research under


any conditions


修饰



Americans




【译文】布什政府似乎下定决心要 满足那一小部分大声疾呼在任何条件下都反对



干细胞研究


的美国人。



37.


Fortunately, Grove and others are more interested in advancing scientific research that


could benefit the large number of Americans who suffer from Parkinson


'


s disease,


nerve injuries, heart diseases and many other problems.



2006




12





【分析】本句为复合句。主句为



advancing scientific research


Grove and others are more interested in



that


引导定语从句,修饰



research, that




定语从句中作主语。



who


引导定语从句,修饰



Americans, who


在从句中作主语。



Parkinson


'


s disease, nerve injuries, heart diseases




many other problems


是并列成


分,作



suffer from


的宾语。



advancing


是动名词形式,不是形容词。



【译文】幸好,还




Grove


和其他一些人致力于推进科学研究,以造福众多深受



帕金森症、神经创伤、心脏


病及许多其他疾病折磨的美国人。

< p>


38.


Using this information, the amygdale




扁桃核




appraises a situation




I


think this charging dog wants to bite me




and triggers a response by


radiating nerve signals throughout the body.



2006




12





【分析】本句为并列句。句子主干为



the amygdale appraises a situation and triggers a


response




using this information


是方式状语,



I think this


charging dog wants to bite me


解释说明



situation


,是插入成分。



【译文】



运用这些信息,



扁桃核对情况作出估计



——我认为这只迎面跑来的狗要



咬我




—然 后启动全身的神经信号,激发反应。



39.


Of the 78 existing stem cell lines which Bush said are all that science would ever need,


only one is in this country



at the University of Wisconsin



, and only five are ready


for distribution to researchers.



2006




12






【分析】本句为并列复合句。主句为



only one is in this country, and only five


?



to


researchers




which Bush said are all that science would ever need


是定语从句,修饰



stem cell lines



Bush said


是插入语。



that


引导定语从



句,先行词是



all




【译文】



布什称现存的



78


项干细胞系已能够满足科研所需,



但这



78


个干细胞系



中只有


一个在美国




威斯康星大学





,而且只有五个准备分配给研究人员。



40.


Once on the inside of the government they have both political parties busily tearing up


all the regulations


that protect the rest


of us from the greed


of the rich.



2006




12





【分析】本句为复合句。本句主干为



they have political parties



that


引导



定语从句,修饰



regulations




that


在从句中作主语。



on the inside


的主语是



they


,所以


省略



they are,


其完整形式是



once they are on the inside




【译文】



而一旦进入政府,



他们就让两党赶快撕毁所有保护我们这些人免受富人



贪婪压榨


的规章制度。



41.



By and large, I clearly had not found a way to help classes full of MBAs see that


there is more to life than money, power, fame and self- interest,



he wrote at the


time.



2006




12





【分析】本句为复合句。主句为



I clearly had not found a way to help classes see


?




to


help classes full of MBAs see


是动词不定式短语作后置定语,修





way



that there is more to life than money, power, fame and self- interest




see



宾语。



【译文】“总的说来,



我显然还没有找到一种方法,



让那么多班集的



MBA


们明白生


活中


有比金钱、权力、名誉和一己私利更重要的东西,



”他当时这样写道。



42.


That is, as LeDoux says,



if you put that system into a brain that has




2006




12





consciousness, then you get the feeling of fear.


【分析】本句为复合句。本句主干为



That is



if you put that system into a brain, you get


the feeling of fear.


”。直接引语是主句的表语。



as LeDoux says


是方式状语从句。直接


引语中,


if


引导条件状语从句,主句是



you get the feeling of fear



that has


consciousness


是定语从句,修饰



brain




【译文】



也就是,正像雷杜克斯说的那样,



“如果你把那个系统放入有意识的大



脑里,你


就会感觉到恐惧。





43.


Humans, says Edward M. Hallowell, have the ability to call up images of bad things


that happened in the past and to anticipate future events.



2006




12






【分析】本句为复合句。主句为



Human have the ability to call up images of bad things


?



to call up images




to anticipate future events


是不定式



短语作后置定语,修饰



ability



that happened in the past


是定语从句,修饰



bad


things




【译文】



爱德华



·


M


·哈洛韦尔说,人可以回忆起过去发生的不快乐的事情,也能



够预测将


来的事情。



44.


Those would-be executives had, says Etzioni, little interest in concepts of ethics and


morality in the boardroom




and their professor was met with blank stares when he


urged his students to see business in new and different ways.



2006




12





【分析】本句为并列复合句。本句主干为



executives had little interest in concepts and


their professor was met with blank stares



says Etzioni




插入语。在第二个分句中,



when


引导时间状语从句。



【译文】



伊兹欧尼说,



那些未来将坐在董事会会议室里的管理人员对伦理道德是



没有什么


兴趣的



——



当教授敦促学生要从新的、不同的角度看待商业时,回应他



的却是茫然困惑的


眼神。



45.


From offering classes that teach students how to legally manipulate contracts, to


reinforcing the notion of profit over community interests,


Etzioni has seen a lot that


'


s left him shaking his head.



2006




12





【分析】本句为复合句。主句为



Etzioni has seen a lot


?



。第一个



that


引导



定语从句,先行词为



classes



how to


?





teach


的间接宾语;



from


?



to


?




示“从


?



?


”,连接两个平行结构。



第二个



that


引导定语从句,



先行词为



a lot




【译文】从开

设课程教学生如何合法地操纵合同,到强调



“利润高于公共利益



”的



观念,伊兹欧尼已见

< p>
到很多使他摇头兴叹的例子。



46.


This is awkward for universities, which must spend extra money building separate labs


and keeping rigorous records proving no federal funds were involved.



2006




12





【分析】本句为复合句。主句为



This is awkward for universities



which




导非限制性定语从句,修饰



universities, which


在从句中作主语。



building


separate labs




keeping rigorous records


是平行结构,作



spend


的宾语(



extra


money


)的补足语。



proving


?



involved


是目的状语。



no federal funds were involved


是省略



that


的宾语从句,作



proving


的宾语。



【译文】



这一情况让各大学很为难,



因为他们不得不另外掏钱修建独立的实验室,



还要保存能证明这些实验室与联邦基金并无关联的严格记录。



47.


Their selfishness is most shamelessly expressed in downsizing and outsourcing





产品包给外公司做




because these business maneuvers don


'


t act to create new jobs


as the founders of new industries used to do, but only to cut out jobs while keeping the


money value of what those jobs produced for themselves.



2006




12





their selfishness is most shamelessly


expressed in downsizing and outsourcing




because


引导原因状语从句。



not


?



but


?



连接两个平行结构,表示



“不是


?


而是”。第一个平行结构中包含了一个



as


引导的方式状


语从句,第二个中 包含了一个



what


引导的宾语从句,作介词



of




宾语。



【分析】本句为复合句。主句为



【译文】



他们的自私最无耻地表现在裁员和业务外包上,



因为与过去那些新产业



的创立者


们不同,这些商业操纵者不是去创造就业机会,而是削减就业机会,同



时还将这些职位所创


造的价值据为己有。

< br>


48.


The president himself is constantly leaving Washington and the business of the nation


because he is summoned to



fundraising dinners



where fat


cats pay a thousand or so dollars a plate to worm their way into government not


through service but through donations of vast amounts of money.



2006




12






【分析】本句为复合句。主句为



The president himself is constantly leaving Washington


and the business of the nation



because


引导原因状语从句。



where


引导定语从句,修




fundraising dinners




where


在从句中作地点状语。



not


?



but


?



连接两个平行结构,


意为


< p>
“不是


?


而是


?


”。



【译文】



总统自己经常离开华盛顿,



脱身于国家大事,



因为他被邀请参加一次接



一次的


筹款晚宴。在宴会上,那些有钱人为一道菜花费上千美元,目的仅仅是为


了慢慢进入政府,


他们凭借的不是对国家的服务而是大量 捐赠金钱。



49.


The president


'


s decision a year ago to allow research on already existing stem cell


lines was portrayed as a reasonable compromise between scientists


'


needs for cells


to work with, and concerns that this kind of research could lead to wholesale creation


and destruction of humane mbryos




胚胎




, cloned infants and a general contempt


for human life.



2006


12





【分析】本句为复合句。主句为



The president


'


s decision was portrayed as a


reasonable compromise


。不定式短语



to allow


?



lines


作后置定语修饰



decision




that


this kind of research


?



for human life




concerns


的同



位语从句。



between


?



and


?



连接两个平行的结构。



【译文】



一方面,科学家们需要干细胞用于研究;



另一方面,



人们又担心这种研



究可能

< p>
导致大规模制造和销毁人体胚胎、克隆婴儿,甚至造成对人类生命的普遍



蔑视,而总统一年


前允许现存的干细胞系研究继续进行的决定被 描绘为这两者之



间一个合理的折衷。





50.


Hindered by limits President Bush placed on stem cell research a year ago, scientists


are turning to laboratories that can carry out work without using federal money.



2006




12






【分析】本句为复合句。主句为



scientists are turning to laboratories


。过



去分词短语



Hindered by


?



作原因状语,相当于原因状语从句



Because they are hindered


by


?





President Bush placed on stem cell research a year ago


是省略关系代词



that


的定语从句,修饰



limits




that


在从句中作宾语时可以省



略。



that can carry out work


without using federal money


是定语从句,修





laboratories




【译文】



由于一年前布什总统对干细胞研究设置了种种限制,



科学家们目前正纷



纷转到那


些不依赖联邦资金就可以开展研究的实验室。



51.


After all, a little healthy worrying is okay if it leads to constructive action




like having


a doctor look at that weird spot on your back.



2006




12






【分析】本句为复合句。主句为



a little healthy worrying is okay




if


引导



条件状语从句。



like having a doctor look at that weird spot on your back


是插入成分,


表示举例说明。



【译文】



毕竟,存在一些对健康状况的担忧还是好的,



如果它能够有所助益的话



——比如< /p>


让医生检查你背上的那块奇怪的斑。



52.


Though we


'


ve never had a catastrophic loss such as that, Gibbs and I did have a


close call shortly before we decided to simplify.



2006




12





【分析】本句为复合句。主句为



Gibbs and I did have a close call shortly before we


decided to simplify



Though


引导让步状语从句。



before


引导时间状语从句。



【译文】



尽管我和吉布斯从未经历过像那样的灾难性的损失,



但在我们决定精简



东西之前确实差一


点就遭意外。



53.


As increasing numbers of friends


'


children are prescribed medications




stimulants to deal with inattentiveness at school or anti-depressants to help with the


loss of interest and joy in their lives


role of kids


'


boredom in some of the diagnoses.



2006




I question the




12





【分析】本句为复合句。主句为



I question the role of kids


'


boredom in some of the


diagnoses




as


引导时间状语从句,意为



“当



??



时候,随着



”。两个破折



号间的



stimulants




anti- depressants




medications


的同位语,进一步解释



说明。动词不定式



to deal




to help


都作后置定语,分别修饰



stimulants




anti-depressants




【译文】



我越来越多的朋友的孩子都在接受药物治疗



——用兴奋剂类药品治疗课



堂注意力


不集中,或者用抗抑郁药品帮他们重新找回生活中的乐趣



——



我却很怀



疑病情诊断是如何


定义孩子们的厌倦状态的。



54.


I watch my little daughter


'


s face as she absorbs the powerful onslaught




冲击




of arousing visuals and bloody special effects in movies.



2006




12






【分析】本句为复合句。主句为



I watch my little daughter


'


s face




as


引导



时间状语从句,意为



“当

< p>
??


时候”,主句是



I watch my little daughter


'


s face




【译


文】



据 我观察,当面对电影里那些色情画面和血腥的特效场面产生的巨大冲



击时,我小女


儿的表情总是十分专注。



55.


Then, as we stepped off the ride, he shrugged and, in a distressingly calm voice,


remarked that it was not as exciting as other rides he


'


s been


on.



2006




12





【分析】本句为并列复合句。主句为



he shrugged and remarked that it was not as


exciting as other rides he


'


s been on


。第一个



as


引导时间状语从句,意



为“当


??


时候”,


in a distressingly calm voice


是插入的状语。



that


引导宾



语从句,作



remarked


的宾语。



not as


?



as


意为



“不如,不及



”,引导比较状语从



句,省略从句谓语



were



he


'


s been on


是一个省略



that


的定语从句,



修饰



rides




【译文】



然后,当我们从过山车上下来的时候,



儿子耸耸肩,



用平静但有点不爽



的口气

< p>
说,这并不比他以前坐过的过山车更刺激。



56.


In the past, the people of the middle class mostly deemed that they


rich themselves someday or have a good shot at becoming rich.



2006


12





'


d be




【分析】本句为复合句。主句为



the people of the middle class mostly deemed


?




they


'


d be rich themselves someday or have a good shot at becoming rich




that


引导的宾


语从句,作



deemed


的宾语。



【译文】



以前,中产阶级大都认为总有一天他们会自己富起来,



至少他们会努力



去变富。



57.


He hoped his work at the university would give him insight into how questions of


morality could be applied to places where self-interest flourished.



2006




12





【分析】本句为复合句。



主句为



He hoped


?



hoped


后面是省略



that


的宾语从句。



从句


中,



how


引导宾语从句,





into


的宾语。


where


引导定语从句,



修饰



places




where


在该从句中作地点状语。



【译文】



他希望在这所大学的工作能 使他洞察到道德如何在私欲膨胀的地方发挥



作用。



58.


The middle class may also wake up to forget its loyalty to the so-called free enterprise


system altogether and the government which governs only the rest of us while letting


the corporations do what they please with our jobs.



2006




12





【分析】本句为复合句。句子主干为



The middle class may wake up to forget its loyalty


to the system and the government




loyalty to


有两个宾语



free


enterprise




government



which


引导定语从句,修饰



government



while


引导



让步状


语从句,从句省略主谓结构



it is




what they please with our jobs




宾语从句,作



do


的宾语。



【译文】



中产阶级也该觉醒了,完全 忘掉对所谓的自由公司体系和对政府的忠诚,



政府只管理我们 这些人,却放任那些公司随心所欲地处理我们的工作。



59.


Yet I have been reflecting more and more on how the pace of life and the intensity of


stimulation may be contributing to the rising rates of psychiatric problems among


children and adolescents in our society.



2006




12






【分析】本句为复合句。主


句为



I have been reflecting



how


引导宾语从句,





on


的宾语。



more and more


?



意为



“越来越



??


”。



【译文】



我开始越来越多地反思:



我们的生活节奏和所受刺激的强度是如何导致



社会上儿


童和青少年精神问题患病率的增长的。



60.


The landlords lobby protested that it would involve too much paperwork over too little


money




less than $$10 interest a year on a $$1,000 deposit, at


current rates.



2006




12





【分析】本句为复合句。主句为



The landlords lobby


protested


?



that


引导



宾语从句,作



protested


的宾语。



at current rates


是插入成分。



【译文】



房东游说团反对说,



这将会因为一点小钱而增加太多的文书工作



——





照现在


的利率计算,



1000


美元押金每年的利息还不到



10


美元。



61.


The day the report was released, the U.S. House, in a tie vote, upheld the government


'


s right to obtain bookstore and library records under a provision of the USA Patriot


Act.



2006




12






【分析】本句为复合句。主句为



the U.S. House upheld the government


'


s right to obtain


bookstore and library records



The day the report was released


是时间状语从句。



in a tie vote


为插入成分。



【译文】



报道发表的那一天,



在投票结果不分胜负的情况下,



美国议院赞成政府



按照《美


国爱国者法案》的规定,获得书店和图书馆的记录信息。



62.


Today, school is where most people come into contact with a formal instruction and


explanation of science for the first time, at least in a systematic way.



2006




12






【分析】本句为复合句。主句为



school is where people comei nto contact with a formal


instruction and explanation of science



where


引导表语从句,放



在系动词



is


后面。



at least in a systematic way


为插入成分。



【译文】



现在,学校成为许多人首次接受正规教育和科学解释的地方,



至少以比



较系统的


方式。



63.


And because of what he


'


s seen taught in business schools, he


'


s not surprised by the


latest rash of corporate scandals.



2006




12






【分析】本句为复合句。主句为



he


'


s not surprised by the latest rash of corporate


scandals




because of


引出原因状语。



what


引导宾语从句,作介词



of


的宾语。



taught


是后置定语修饰这个宾语从句。



【译文】



因为见过商学院里的教学情况,



所以他对最近一连串的公司丑闻并不感



到吃惊。



64.


As a result, children memorize processes such as mathematical formulas or the


periodic table, only to forget them shortly afterwards.



2006




12





【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为



children memorize processes




such as


表示举例


说明。




only to+


动词



”是固定结构,作结果状语,一般位于一个句子中



的第二部分,表


示一系列事情中



“较晚



”发生的。这种不定式经常用来描写出乎意


< br>料的或者是不受欢迎的


事件,有的时候可以省略



only




【译文】



结果,孩子们记忆像数学公式或周期表这样的程序,



过后不久就忘掉了。



65.



It is, more important, an educational campaign to highlight the contemporary reality of



racial deficits




赤字





of all kinds, the unequal conditions that impact blacks


regardless of class.



2006




6





【分析】本句为复合句。



主句为



It is an educational campaign



more important


是插入


成分。



to highlight


?



of all kinds


是不定式短语作后置定语,修饰



campaign




the


unequal conditions




reality


的同位语。



that


引导的定语从



句修饰



conditions




【译文】更重要的是要开展教育运 动,使人们重视当代出现的各种



“种族赤字



”,



也就是


要重视影响各阶层黑人的不平等条件。



66.


This group will still include middle- income seniors on Medicare, who


'


ll


have to dig deeply into their pockets before getting muchf rom the new drug benefit


that starts in 2006.



2006




6






【分析】本句为复合句。句子主干为



This group will still include


?




who


引导定语从句,


先行词为



middle-income seniors on Medicare


;第二个定语从



句是



that starts in 2006


,其先行词是



the new drug benefit



【译文】这个群体也包括


那些中等收入的依赖美国医疗保障制度的老年人,在从



2006


年实施的新药品福利中受益之< /p>


前,他们也不得不大大支出一笔费用。



67.


WhenJ onathan Freedman, a social psychologist at the University of Toronto, reviewed


the literature, he found only 200 or so studies of television- watching and aggression.



2006




6


































he found only 200 or so studies of


television-watching and aggression




a social psychologist at the University of


Toronto




Jonathan Freedman


的同位语。



when


引导时间状语从



句。



【译文】



加拿大多伦多大学的社会心理学教授乔纳森



·弗里德曼仔细审阅了这些



文献资料


后发现,只有大约



200


份研究涉及看电视与攻击行为。



68.


The intent of the new Harvard Center on Media and Child Health to collect and


standardize studies of media violence in order to compare their methodologies,


assumptions and conclusions is an important step in the right direction.



2006




6






【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为



The intent is an important step



to collect and


standardize


是动词不定式作定语,修饰



intent




【译文】



新建立的哈佛大学媒体与儿 童健康中心意图收集并以统一标准衡量媒体



暴力,以


便能够比较它们背后的方法论、假设及结论,这是在正确的研究方向上



迈出的重要一步。



69.


Skeptics were dismayed several years ago when a group of societies including the


American Medical Association tried to end the debate by issuing a joint statement:




At this time, well over 1,000 studies point


overwhelmingly to causal connection between media violence and aggressive


behavior in some children.




2006




6





【分析】本句为复合句。主句为



Skeptics were dismayed several years ago




when


引导时间状语从句。直接引语部分是同位语,具体说明



statement


的内容。



【译


文】



几 年前,包括美国医学会在内的几家团体试图通过发表联合声明来终止



这种争论,声


明中说:



“到目前为止,已有



1,000


多项研究以压倒性优势指出了媒



体暴 力与一些儿童的


攻击行为之间存在因果关系。



”这令怀疑论者们很是沮丧。



70.



The First Reconstruction



1865-1877



ended slavery and briefly gave black men


voting rights, but gave no meaningful compensation for two centuries of unpaid labor.



2006




6






【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为



The First Reconstruction ended slavery and gave


black men rights, but gave no compensation


。三个谓语动词,即



ended




gave




gave


,分别由



and



but


连接。



【译文】



第一次重构




1865



1877



结束了奴隶制并很快赋予了黑人男性选举权,



但是


却没有对两个世纪以来的无偿劳动给 予有意义的补偿。



71.


And educators are trying to get the message to parents that they should be on the alert


for the first signs of potential problems.



2006




6





【分析】本句为复合句。主句为



educators are trying to get the message to parents


?



that


引导同位语从句,具体说明



message


的内容。



to parents


分隔



了中心词和同位语。



【译文】



而且教育家们正试图让家长 明白他们应该警惕潜在问题的最初征兆。



72.



Buoyed



支持



by laws and court decisions, more and more older Americans are


declining the retirement dinner in favor of staying on the job




thereby lessening


employment and promotion opportunities for younger workers.



2006




6





【分


析】本句为简单句。



句子主干为



more and more Americans are declining the retirement


dinner


。过去分词



Buoyed


作原因状语,它的逻辑主语是



older Americans




old


Americans




buoy


所表达的关系是被动承受。现在分词短语



lessening


?



作结果状语。



【译文】



在法律和法庭判决的支持下,



越来越多的美国老年人正在拒绝退休而宁



愿选择继


续工作



——



因此减少了年轻人的就业和升职机会。



73.


Practically unheard of a generation ago, the discounts have become a


routine part of many businesses




as commona s color televisions in model rooms


and free coffee on airliners.



2006




6





【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为



the discounts have become a part of businesses



过去分词短语



unheard of a generation ago


作状语,它的逻辑主



语是



the discounts


。破折号后的内容是插入成分。



as


?



as


结构表示同级比较,



意为“和


?


一样”。



【译文】



实际上,



人们在二三十年前还没听说过折扣,



但现在折扣已经成为许多



行业的


惯常行为了



——



就像样板间里的彩电和飞机上的免费咖啡一样普通。



74.


Senior citizen discounts only enhance the myth that older people can


'


t take care of


themselves and need special treatment; and they threaten the creation of a new myth,


that the elderly are ungrateful and taking for themselves at the expense of children and


other age groups.



2006




6





【分析】



本句为并列复合句。



句子主干为



Senior citizen discounts enhance the myth


and they threaten the creation of a new myth


。句中的两个



myth


后面



都是



that


引导的同位语从句,解释说明两种观念的内容。



【译文】



老年人折扣只是加强了这样一种观念,



即认为老年人不能照顾自己而需



要特 殊对


待;它们也预示了一种新观念的形成,即老年人实际上并不感谢这种特



殊对待,并且让孩子


和其他年龄群的人负担自己。



75.


When I think about all the problems of our overpopulated world and look at our boy


grabbing at the lamp by the sofa, I wish I could have turned to Planned


Grandparenthood when my parents were putting the grandchild squeeze on me.



2005




12






【分析】本句为复合句。主句为



I wish I could


?



squeeze on me



句首



When


引导时间状语从句。



I wish


后面是省略



that


的宾语从句,其中又包含由



when




导的时间状语从句。



wish


后的宾语从句表示与过去事实情况相反的愿望,



因此使



用了


虚拟语气。



【译文】



当我想到有关世界人口过剩的所有问题,



看着我们的儿子抓起沙发旁的



台灯时 ,


就在想如果那时在父母逼着我生孩子的时候,



自己能够求助于



“有计划地



成为祖父母




这一组织就好了。



76.


At the same time, the politicians demand of scientists that they tailor their research to




economic needs



, that they award a higher priority to


research proposals that are



near the market



and can be translated into


the greatest return on investment in the shortest time.



2005




12





【分析】本句为复合句。主句为



the politicians demand of scientists


?


。句



中前两个



that


引导的宾语从句都作



demand< /p>


的宾语,从句中用了虚拟语气,谓语



构成为




s hould+




原形动词。最后一个



that


引导定语从句,修饰



proposals


。定



语从句中,



are




can be


translated


是并列谓语。



注意



demand+of+sb.+that




句的结构。


-


-


-


-


-


-


-


-



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