-
雅思阅读长难句分析
1. It is imagined by many that the
operations of the common mind can be by no means
compared with
these processes, and that
they have to be acquired by a sort of special
training.
2. Whether the
government should increase the financing of pure
science at the expense of technology
or
vice versa(
反之
) often depends
on the issue of which is seen as the driving
force.
3.
How
well
the
predictions
will
be
validated
by
later
performance
depends
upon
the
amount,
reliability, and
appropriateness of the information used and on the
skill and wisdom with which it is
interpreted.
is
no
agreement
whether
methodology
refers
to
the
concepts
peculiar
to
historical
work
in
general
or to the research techniques appropriate to the
various branches of historical inquiry.
rmore,
it
is
obvious
that
the
strength of
a
country
’
s
economy
is
directly
bound up
with
the
efficiency of its agriculture and
industry, and that this in turn rests upon the
efforts of scientists and
technologists
of all kinds.
-------------
--------------1-5
答案
---------
--------
1. It is imagined
by many that the operations of the common mind can
be by no means compared with
these
processes, and that they have to be acquired by a
sort of special training.
译文：许多人认为，普通人的
思维活动根本无法与科学家的思维过程相比，认为这些思维过程
必须经过某种专门训练才
能掌握。
要点：句子的框架是
it is
imagined
?
that
?
, and that
?。
这是典型的句型
it + is
+ p. p.
（过去
分词）
+
that
clause
。
it
是形式主语，句子真正的主语是两个并列的
t
hat
引导的主语从句，由连
词
and
连接。
operation
此处不能译成“操作”
，根据上下文应译成“活动”
< br>，这里的
processes
要译成“思维
过程”
，而不能简单地理解成“过程”
。
2. Whether the
government should increase the financing of pure
science at the expense of technology
or
vice versa(
反之
) often depends
on the issue of which is seen as the driving
force.
译文：政府究竟是以减少对技术的经费投入来增加对纯理论科学的经费投
入还是相反，这往往
取决于把哪一方看作是驱动的力量
要点：句子的框架是
whether
?
or
?
often depends on
?。
whether
?
or
引导了主语从句作句
子的主语，
financing
这里根据上下文要译成“经费投入”
；介词结构
of
which
is
seen
as
the
driving
force
是宾语
the
issue
的后置定语，
of
介词结构中又包含了
which
引导的介词宾语从
句。
3.
How
well
the
predictions
will
be
validated
by
later
performance
depends
upon
the
amount,
reliability, and
appropriateness of the information used and on the
skill and wisdom with which it is
interpreted.
译文：这些预测在多大程度上为后
来的表现所证实，这取决于所采用信息的数量、可靠性和适
宜性，以及解释这些信息的技
能和才智
要点：句子的框架是
how
?
depends
on
?
and
on
?
。句子的主语由
< br>how
引导的主语从句
担任；谓语动词词组
depends
on
后面跟了两个由
and
连接的并列宾语，在第二个宾语中，介词
wi
th + which
引导的定语从句修饰先行词
the
skill and wisdom
。
1
4. There is no
agreement whether methodology refers to the
concepts peculiar to historical work in
general or to the research techniques
appropriate to the various branches of historical
inquiry.
译文：所谓方法论是指一般的历史研究中的特有概念，还是指历史探
究中各个具体领域适用的
研究手段，人们对此意见不一。
要点：句子的框架是
there
is
no
agreement
whether
?
or
?
。主句是
there
is
no
agreement,
agr
eement
后面紧跟了由
whether
引导的同位语从句作同位语；在同位语从句中，谓语动词短语
refers to<
/p>
跟了两个由连词
or
连接的并列宾语：<
/p>
a. the concepts peculiar to historical
work in general; b.
the research
techniques appropriate to the various branches of
historical inquiry
。在第一个宾语中，
形
容词词组
peculiar to historical
work
和介词词组
in
general
作后置定语修饰
the concepts
；在第
二个宾语中同样有形容词词组
app
ropriate
?
to
?
of
historical
inquiry
作后置定语修饰
the
research
techniques
。
5. Furthermore, it is obvious that the
strength of a country
’
s
economy is directly bound up with the
efficiency of its agriculture and
industry , and that this in turn rests upon the
efforts of scientists and
technologists
of all kinds.
译文：再者，显而易见的是一个国家的经济实力与其工农
业生产效率密切相关，而效率的提高
则又有赖于各种科技人员的努力
要点：
句子的框架是
furthermore, it is obvious
that
?
, and that
?。
这是典型的句型
it + is
+ obvious
+ that
clause
。
it
是形式主语，真
正的主语是由连词
and
连接的两个并列的主语从句：
a. that the
strength is
?
bound
with
?
; b. and that this
?
rests upon the
efforts
?。
第一个主语从句中的词组
be
bound up with
是
“与?有关联”
之意；
在第二个主语从句中，
代词
this
指代前文的
the efficiency
of its agriculture and industry
< br>，译为“效率的提高”
。
2
could
be
a
key
to
jet
lag
and
winter
blues
is
the
hormone
melatonin,
which
is
known
to
regulate body rhythms.
are now 31 million kids in the
12-to-19 age group, and demographers predict that
there will be
35 million teens by 2010,
a population bigger than even the baby boom at its
peak.
seemed almost
unbelievable but what appeared to be happening was
that the fault was actually
being
lubricated by the injection of the fluid.
is
scarcely
surprising,
then,
that
education
systems
have
for
several
decades
past
been
severely
criticized, partly
on the ground that education prepares people to
live in an already outdated society.
are strong grounds for thinking that
the health of both individuals and societies
derives from
what
we
’
re able to put into life,
rather than what we try to get out of it.
------------------------6-1
0
答案
-----------------------
6.
What
could
be
a
key
to
jet
lag
and
winter
blues
is
the
hormone
melatonin,
which
is
known
to
regulate body rhythms.
译文：能解
除时差综合症和冬季忧郁症的关键是荷尔蒙褪黑激素，人们知道这种激素能够调节
人体节
奏。
要点：句子的框架是
what
?
is the hormone
melatonin which is
?。
what
引导了一个主语从句，
而谓语部分中由
whi
ch
引导了非限制性定语从句
hormone
melatonin
。句中
jet-lag
是“时差综合
症”
，
blues<
/p>
不能译成“蓝色”
，而是“忧郁”之意。
7. There are now 31 million
kids in the 12-to-19 age group, and demographers
predict that there will
be 35 million
teens by 2010, a population bigger than even the
baby boom at its peak.
译文：
12
岁至
19
岁年龄组的孩子目前有
3100
万，人口学家预测，到
2010
年他们将达到
3500
万，比二战后生育高
峰期出生的孩子还多
要点：句子的框架是
there are
?
kids
?
, and demographers predict
that
?。这是一个并列复合
句，在第二个并列分句中，谓
语动词
predict
后面跟了一个
t
hat
引导的宾语从句；在
that
宾
语从
句中，
a population bigger
than even the baby boom at its
peak
是
35 million
teens
的同位语。
8. It seemed almost unbelievable but
what appeared to be happening was that the fault
was actually
being lubricated by the
injection of the fluid.
译文：地球内的断层正在被人们注
入的液体所润滑，这几乎是难以令人相信的，但是这确实正
在发生。
要点：句子的框架是
it
seemed
?
but what
?
was that
?。句子由
but
连接的两个并列分句构
成：
a. it seemed almost
unbelievable; b. what appeared to be happening was
that
?
在第二个分句
中，
what
引导了主语从句担任主语，
that
引导了表语从句。这里
inject
ion
不能译成“注射”
，根
据上下文
要译成“注入”
。
3
9. It is scarcely surprising, then,
that education systems have for several decades
past been severely
criticized, partly
on the ground that education prepares people to
live in an already outdated society.
译文
：那么教育体制在过去几十年中受到严厉的批评，就不那么令人感到惊讶了，批评者的部
分根据是，这种教育培养人们在一种已过时的社会中生存。
要点：句子的框架是
it is
?
surprising
?
that education
system have
?
been
?
criticized,
?
on the ground that
?。
it
是形式主语，真正的主语是
that
引导的主语从句，而主语从句又包含
< br>了
that
引导的同位语从句
t
hat education prepares people to live in an
already outdated society
作介
词词组
on the
ground
中
ground
的同位
语，
ground
这里的意思是“根据”
。
are strong
grounds for thinking that the health of both
individuals and societies derives from
what we
’
re able
to put into life, rather than what we try to get
out of it.
要点：句子的框架是
there
are
?
grounds
for
thinking
that
the
health
?
derives
from
what
?
,
rather than
what
?。介词结构
for thinking
?中包含了
that
引导的宾语从句作分词
thinking
的宾
语；而这个宾语从句中
又包含了两个并列的介词宾语从句：
a. what
we
’
re able to put into life;
b.
what we try to get out of it.
两个宾语从句由
rather
than
连接。
译文：至于个人和社
会的健康可以以这样的理由来衡量，我们对生活能够付出多少而不是我们
能向生活取得多
少。
4
11. It therefore becomes more and more
important that, if students are not to waste their
opportunities,
there will have to be
much more detailed information about courses and
more advice.
12.
Experts
are
debating
whether
we
should
burden
young
children
with
mental
computation,
or
encourage the use of calculators to
relieve children of hard work and free their minds
to understand
math concepts.
13. The announcement by
Boeing that it has decided to scrap plans to build
a futuristic, high-speed
plane called
the sonic cruiser brings an end to one of the most
imaginative
–
and
some say quixotic
–
projects in recent aerospace
engineering
14. A religious
sect that contends that space travelers created
the human race by cloning themselves
declared Friday that the first cloned
human had been born, but it offered few details
and no evidence
to support the claim.
no
such
effect
had
been
detected
in
any
of
the
ingenious
and
delicate
experiments
that
physicists had devised:
the velocity
（速度）
of light
did not vary.
-------------
--------------11-15
答案
-------
--------------------
11. It
therefore becomes more and more important that, if
students are not to waste their opportunities,
there will have to be much more
detailed information about courses and more
advice.
译文：因此，如果要使学生充分利用他们（上大学）的机会，就得为他
们提供大量关于课程的
更为详尽的信息，做更多的指导。这个问题显得越来越重要了。<
/p>
要点：句子的框架是
it
?
becomes
?
that,
if
?
,
there
will
have
to
be
?。
it
是形式主语，
that
引导的主
语从句是句子的真正主语，在
that
从句中，
if
引导了条件状语从句。
12.
Experts
are
debating
whether
we
should
burden
young
children
with
mental
computation,
or
encourage the use of calculators to
relieve children of hard work and free their minds
to understand
math concepts.
译文：我们应该用心算来增加孩子们的负担，还是应该鼓励他们使用计算器来减轻其繁重的学
< br>习任务，使他们不再费神去理解（抽象的）数学概念，专家们对此尚未达成一致。
要点：句子的框架是
experts
are debating whether we should
?
, or encourage
?。
句子的主语部分
是
experts are debating
?，
而
whether
?
or
?
引导了宾语从句作谓语动词
are debating
的宾语。
其中
burden
?
with
?是“使?背上负担”之意；在后半句
or
encourage
the
use
of
calculators
to
relieve children of hard work and free
their minds to understand math concepts
中，两个并列的不定
式短语
to
relieve
?
of
?和
to
free
?
to understand
?作目的状语。
另外，
词组
rel
ieve somebody
of
something
指“减轻?”
。
13. The announcement by
Boeing that it has decided to scrap plans to build
a futuristic, high-speed
plane called
the sonic cruiser brings an end to one of the most
imaginative
–
and
some say quixotic
–
projects in recent aerospace
engineering.
译文：波音公司宣布放弃修建一种名叫“音速游艇”的新潮
、高速飞机的计划，这一决定使近
年来航空工程中最富想象力—还有人称纯属空想的计划
落了空。
要点：句子的框架是
the
announcement
?
that
is
has
decided
?
brings
an
end
to
?。主语
the
announcement
后面跟了一个
that<
/p>
引导的同位语从句，
在
that
从句中，
动词不定式短语
to
build
?
called the
sonic cruiser
作
plan
的后置定语，
而不定式短语中的过去分词短语
called
the sonic cruiser
作
plane
的后置定语；破折号之后的
and some
say
是插入语。
5
14. A religious sect that
contends that space travelers created the human
race by cloning themselves
declared
Friday that the first cloned human had been born,
but it offered few details and no evidence
to support the claim.
译文：一个宣
称人类是由外星人克隆而成的邪教组织于星期五宣布第一个克隆人已出生，但它
没有谈及
过多细节，也没有提供任何证据。
要点：句子的框架是
a religious
sect
?
declared
?
that
?
, but it offered
?。这个句子中，由
but
连接了两个并列分句。在前一个分句
中，由
that
引导的定语从句
tha
t contends that
?
by cloning
themselves
修饰先行词
a
religious
sect
，而定
语从句中又包含了
that
引导的宾语从句作动词
contends
的宾语。
no
such
effect
had
been
detected
in
any
of
the
ingenious
and
delicate
experiments
that
physicists had devised:
the velocity
（速度）
of light
did not vary.
译文：然而在任何物理学家所进行过的精细巧妙的实验中
，都没有发现这种影响：光速没有变
化。
要点：定语从句的结构是简单的主谓宾结构，翻译成前置的定
语词组。
6
16. If
the probe takes, say,
100
years to
make a copy of itself, then
the average speed at which all
probes
would spread throughout the galaxy
（星系）
would be about 1/25th
the speed of light
17. But
such troubles is confined mainly to the railways
on which the current is picked up from a third
rail rather than from overhead
conductors.
18.
As
brighter
areas
of
the
image
eject
more
electrons
than
the
darker
or
shaded
portions,
an
electronic
image
is
produced
in
which
varying
degrees of
positive
charge
duplicate
light
intensities
seen in the scene being pictured.
19.
To
kill
weed
which
may
sprawl
rampantly
among
crops
in
the
first
several
years,
effective
weedicide is needed to play the same
role as ploughing fields does to eliminate weed.
20. At a large terminal
railway station, the work of the station master is
largely administrative because
of the
extent of the operations and the staff of which he
is in command.
------------
------------16-20
答案
---------
--------
16. If
the probe takes, say,
100
years to
make a copy of itself, then
the average speed at which all
probes
would spread throughout the galaxy
（星系）
would be about 1/25th
the speed of light.
译文：如果探测
体需要，比如说，
100
年时间来生成自己的副体，那么所有探
测体传遍整个星
系的平均速度大约为光速的
1/25
17. but such troubles is
confined mainly to the railways on which the
current is picked up from a third
rail
rather than from overhead conductors.
译
文：但是，这样的问题主要局限于从第三轨而不是从高架线得到电力的那些铁路上。
要点：在限制性定语从句中有一个固定短语
rather th
an
，我们还是把它翻译成稍复杂的带“的”
的定语从句。
18.
As
brighter
areas
of
the
image
eject
more
electrons
than
the
darker
or
shaded
portions,
an
electronic
image
is
produced
in
which
varying
degrees of
positive
charge
duplicate
light
intensities
seen in the scene being pictured.
译文：因为图像的较明亮的部分比黑暗的部分或者阴影部分发射的电子更多，所以产生的电子
图像随正电荷的变化强度，使正在描述的荧幕上的光强度成倍增强。
要点：在这句的定语从句中，有现在分词作前置定语，及过去
分词作后置定语，翻译成前置的
定语词组会生涩拗口。因此，将从句与主句分开翻译，单
独成句。
19.
To
kill
weed
which
may
sprawl
rampantly
among
crops
in
the
first
several
years,
effective
weedicide is needed to play the same
role as ploughing fields does to eliminate weed. <
/p>
译文：在最初的几年里，杂草可能在农作物之间繁茂地蔓生，为了消灭这些杂草，需要有效
的
除草剂，发挥与耕地同样的消灭杂草的作用。
要点：这是一个典型的将定语从句译为前置的并列分句的例子。
7
20. At a large
terminal railway station, the work of the station
master is largely administrative because
of the extent of the operations and the
staff of which he is in command.
译文：在大的
铁路终点站，站长的工作主要是行政管理的，这是由于车站运营范围广、工作人
员多。<
/p>
要点：在本句的翻译中基本上看不出原句中定语从句
of
which he is in command
的痕迹。定语从
句完全融入汉语翻译中。
8
21.
Attending
services
at
the
Cathedral
of
Pisa,
he
found
himself
watching
a
swinging
chandelier,
which air currents shifted now in wide
arcs, now in small ones.
22. Although he got generally good
grades and was outstanding in mathematics,
Einstein hated the
academic
high
school
he
was
sent
to
in
Munich,
where
success
depended
on
memorization
and
obedience to arbitrary
authority.
23. One is the
visible edge of the sun, which is a gaseous
“
surface
”
from which visible light photons
（光子）
freely emerge.
24. Rockets perform best in
space, where there is no atmosphere to impede
their motion
25. Congress,
which had met to continue its protests to the
crown, found itself raising an army and
selecting George Washington as its
commander in chief.
-------
-----------------------21-25
答案
-------------------
21.
Attending
services
at
the
Cathedral
of
Pisa,
he
found
himself
watching
a
swinging
chandelier,
which air currents shifted now in wide
arcs, now in small ones.
译文：一次在比萨大教堂做礼拜
时，他发现自己正看着一个吊灯架，它随着气流时而划一个大
弧，时而划一个小弧。
要点：定语从句被翻译为后置的并列分
句，用人称代词“它”代替先行词“吊架灯”
。
22. Although he got
generally good grades and was outstanding in
mathematics, Einstein hated the
academic
high
school
he
was
sent
to
in
Munich,
where
success
depended
on
memorization
and
obedience to arbitrary
authority.
译文：虽然爱因斯坦门门功课都很优异，数学尤为突出，但他很
讨厌上这所慕尼黑的中学。在
这所学校里成功取决于死机硬背和对专职权威的服从。
要点：
alt
hough
引导的让步状语从句和
where
< br>引导的非限制性定语从句。
23. One is the visible edge of the sun,
which is a gaseous
“
surface<
/p>
”
from which
visible light photons
（光子）
freely emerge.
译文：一个例子就是太阳的边缘，这是一个气状的表面，可见光的光子从中源源涌出。
要点：本句在非限制性定语从句里又包含一个限制性定语
从句，为了符合汉语表达习惯，我们
将两个定语从句都译为后置的并列分句。
24. Rockets perform
best in space, where there is no atmosphere to
impede their motion
译文：火箭在太空中运行最佳，因为在那儿
不存在阻碍他们运动的大气。
要点
：在语义上，定语从句与主句的关系为因果关系，
因此我们将定语从句译为原因状语从句
。
25. Congress,
which had met to continue its protests to the
crown, found itself raising an army and
selecting George Washington as its
commander in chief.
译文：代表大会先前已集会决定继续向英皇
提抗议，而现在则发展到招募兵员并推选乔治?
华
盛顿为总司令了。
要点：定语从句与先行词融合起来，翻译成时间状语从句。
9
26. This food supply will not increase
nearly enough to match this, which means that we
are heading
into a crisis in the matter
of producing and marketing food.
27.
Other
issues
that
concern
the
body
politic,
such
as
crime,
poverty,
and
welfare,
are
not
easily
linked to public
support of scientific research, save at the
educational level.
28. In
the Greek heritage of the west, myth has always
been in tension with reason, which signified the
rational and analytic mode of arriving
at a true account of reality.
29. Medicine, like all branches of
science, needs scholars who are able to develop
appropriate
evidence
and
then
apply
those
rules
to
the
continuously
flowing
stream
of
new
data
to
determine
what is relevant.
30. Behaviorists suggest that the child
who is raised in an environment where there are
many stimuli
which
develop
his
or
her
capacity
for
appropriate
responses
will
experience
greater
intellectual
development.
---
--------------------------26-30
答案
-------------
26. This
food supply will not increase nearly enough to
match this, which means that we are heading
into a crisis in the matter of
producing and marketing food.
要点：句子的框架是
the
food
supply
will
not
increase...
to
match
this,
which
means
that
we
are
heading into a crisis ..
.
。关系代词
which
引导非限制性
定语从句。其先行词是前面一整句。翻译
时译成另一个分句。在这个从句中又包含了一个
由
that
引导的名词从句作
mean
s
的宾语。指示
代词
this
在这儿指代上文的人口增长。
译文：食品供应的增加将赶不上人口的增长，这就意味着我们在粮食的生产和购销方面正陷入
危机。
27.
Other
issues
that
concern
the
body
politic,
such
as
crime,
poverty,
and
welfare,
are
not
easily
linked
to public support of scientific research, save at
the educational level.
要点：句子的框架是
other issues that
concern ...
，
are not easily
linked to...
，
save at...
。这是一个含
有
that
引导的定语从句的长主句，
other
issues
是主语，也是先行词。
such
as
引导并列成分。谓
语是
are
not
easily
linked
to
public
support
of
scientific
res
earch
。
save
在这个句子中相
当于
“
except
”
，意为“除了。
。
。
”
。
body
politic
可译为“国家”
。
译文：除了在教育层次上，其他一些与国家息息相关的问题，
如犯罪、贫穷和福利都难以与公
共支持的科研相提并论。
28. In the Greek heritage
of the west, myth has always been in tension with
reason, which signified the
rational
and analytic mode of arriving at a true account of
reality.
要点：句子的框架是
in the Greek
heritage..., myth has always been..., which signif
ied...
。关系代词
which
引
导非限制性定语从句，修饰
reason
。在这个句子中，
which
引导的非限制性定语从句兼
有状
语从句的功能，翻译时可视作原因状语从句翻译。
reason
在此句中不译为“原因、理由”
，
应译为“理性”
。
译文：在西方希腊遗
产中，神话与理性始终处于紧张冲突状态，因为理性意味着对现实进行合
情合理、符合实
际的分析和描述
10
29. Medicine, like all branches of
science, needs scholars who are able to develop
appropriate
evidence
and
then
apply
those
rules
to
the
continuously
flowing
stream
of
new
data
to
determine
what is relevant.
要点：
句子的框架是
medicine, like
all..., needs scholars who are able
to...
。
like all branches of s
cience
是插入语。关系代词
who
引导定语修饰
scholars
。在这个从句中包含一个名词
从句—
what
is
releva
nt
作
determine
的宾语。<
/p>
flowing stream of new data
在此译
为
“新数据流”
。
apply...t
o
在此句
中译为“把??应用于??”
。
译文：正像所有的科学分支一样
，医学也需要这类学者，他们既能开发适当的“实证规则”
，又
能把那些规则应用到不断变化的新数据流中去，进而确定哪些信息是相关的。
30. Behaviorists suggest
that the child who is raised in an environment
where there are many stimuli
which
develop
his
or
her
capacity
for
appropriate
responses
will
experience
greater
intellectual
development.
要点：
句子的框架是
behaviorists suggest
that the child who is...environment where there
are...stimuli
which
develop...will
experience
greater...
。
that
引导名词从句做
suggest
的宾语。在这个
从句中又
包含三个定语从句，一层套一层。从句中的主语是
th
e
child
，谓语是
will
experience
greater
intellectual development
。关系代
词
who
引导定语从句修饰
child
。关系副词
where
引导定语从句<
/p>
修饰
environment
。关系代词
which
引导定语从句修饰
stim
uli
。
stimuli
译为“刺激物
”
。
译文
：行为主义者指出，如果一个孩子在有很多刺激物的环境中长大，那么这个儿童将会有更
高的智力发展。
11
31.
My
idea
of
a
good
P.E.
class
is
one
where
youth
are
involved
in
at
least
20
minutes
of
basic
movement that gets their heart rates
up.
32. That summer, those
who remained were found fleeing down rivers to
return home to England by
new settlers
with fresh supplies, who encouraged them to
reconsider.
33. These new-
age executives are likely to cause trouble in
companies where longer-serving middle
managers,
who
have
done
their
time
in
a
less-privileged
environment,
resent
the
concessions
the
recruits are winning.
34.
This
is
an
elegant,
antimagnetic,
waterproof,
shock-protected
and
heat-resistant
watch
which
is
made of
stainless steel and high-precision fittings.
35. They send out pulses of
sound waves, pitched at 50,000 cycles per second,
far above the limits of
the human ear,
which can hear sounds up to frequencies of about
20,000 cycles per second.
-
------------------------------31-35
答案
---------------------
31.
My
idea
of
a
good
P.E.
class
is
one
where
youth
are
involved
in
at
least
20
minutes
of
basic
movement
that gets their heart rates up.
要点：句子的框架是
my idea of a good
P.E. class is one where youth are ... movement
that gets their
heartrates
u
p
。关系副词
where
引导定语从句
修饰
one
，而关系代词
that
引导定语从句修饰
movement
。
one
指代
a good P.E.
class
。
译文：谈到一堂好的体育课，
我的想法是，青年人在体育课中至少要进行
20
分钟使他们心跳加
快的基本运动。
32. That summer,
those who remained were found fleeing down rivers
to return home to England by
new
settlers with fresh supplies, who encouraged them
to reconsider.
要点：
句子的框架是
that
summer, those who remained were found fleeing down
... by new settlers ...,
who encouraged
them
...
。这是一个被动句，翻译时译成主动句。
who
remained
是限制性定语从
句修饰主语
those
。
谓语部分是
we
re found fleeing down...
。
第二个
who
引导定语从句，
它的先行
词是
new
settlers
。介词短语
with
fresh
supplies
作
new
settlers
的定语。
them
指代
those
who
remained
。
译文：那年夏天，带着给养刚刚到来的拓居者发现前期的幸存
者们顺着河流逃往英国，便劝说
他们三思而行。
33. These new-age
executives are likely to cause trouble in
companies where longer-serving middle
managers,
who
have
done
their
time
in
a
less-privileged
environment,
resent
the
concessions
the
recruits are winning.
要点：句子的框架是
these
new-age executives are likely to
cause
?
companies where
longer-serving
middle
mangers,
who
have
?
,
resent
the
conces
sions...
。关系副词
where
引导定语从句，修饰先行词
companies
。在这个从句
中，谓语
resent the concessions
被
由关系代词
who
引导的非限制性定语
从句隔开。
the
recruits
are
winning
是一个省略了关代词
that
的定语从句，修饰
concessions
。
concessions
译为“特许权”
。
the recruits
译为“新手，新成员”
。
译文：这些新时代的理人员很有可能在一些公司制造事端，因为在这些里，在特权现象较少的
环境里，有较长工作年限的中等经理对这些新成员所赢得的特许权深感不满。
< br>
12
34.
This
is
an
elegant,
antimagnetic,
waterproof,
shock-protected
and
heat-resistant
watch
which
is
made of
stainless steel and high-precision fittings.
要点：句子的框架是
this is
an
?
watch which is made of
?。这个句中的中心名词
watch
既有形容
词作前置定语，又有定语从句作后置定语。一般在翻译时，将前置定语后置。
译文：这是一只由不锈钢和高精度配件制成的
手表，它既美观、又防磁、防水、抗震、耐热。
35. They send out pulses of sound
waves, pitched at 50,000 cycles per second, far
above the limits of
the human ear,
which can hear sounds up to frequencies of about
20,000 cycles per second.
要点：句子的框架是
they
send
out
pulses
of
?
,
far
above
?
the
human
ear,
which
can
hear
sounds
?。关系代词
which
引导定语从句，修饰
human
ear
。过去分词短语
pitched
at
?和介词短
语
far above
?作
sound waves
的定语。
th
ey
指代前文的蝙蝠。
pitch
原意
为
“投，
高音，
足球场”
，
在此译为“发出”
。
译文：人类的耳朵仅能听见最高频率为
20000
赫兹的声音，蝙蝠却可以发送出大超过这个限制
的
高达
50000
赫兹的声波脉冲。
13
36. When they
analyzed these rocks, they found
“
shocked
”
quartz grains-slivers with a particular
arrangement of micro cracks believed to
represent the relic left by an extraterrestrial
impact.
37.
As
land
developed,
rain
water
and
rivers
dissolved
salts
and
other
substances
from
rocks
and
carried
them to the oceans, making the ocean salty.
38. That summer, those who
remained were found fleeing down river to return
home to England by
new settlers with
fresh supplies, who encouraged them to reconsider.
39. By and large, the
American diet continued to reflect a considerable
reliance upon animal products,
rather
than on grains, which meant that a relatively
large acreage was required to feed the American
public.
40.
These new-age executives are likely to cause
trouble in companies where longer-serving middle
managers,
who
have
done
their
time
in
a
less-privileged
environment,
resent
the
concessions
the
recruits are winning.
-----------------36-40
答案
--------
36. When they analyzed these
rocks, they found
“
shocked
”
quartz grains-
slivers with a particular
arrangement
of micro cracks believed to represent the relic
left by an extraterrestrial impact.
要点：
when
引导的时间直接翻译为“在
?的时候”
。
译文：在分析这些岩芯
时，他们发现“冲击”石英颗粒——带有特殊排列的微裂缩缝的薄片，
科学家认为他们外
层空间来的物体与地球碰撞留下来的遗迹。
37.
As
land
developed,
rain
water
and
rivers
dissolved
salts
and
other
substances
from
rocks
and
carried
them to the oceans, making the ocean salty.
要点：
as
在句中引导的是一个时间状语从句。
译文：在陆地形式时，雨水和河水溶解了岩石中盐和其他物质并把他们带入海洋，使海水
变咸。
38. That
summer, those who remained were found fleeing down
river to return home to England by
new
settlers with fresh supplies, who encouraged them
to reconsider.
要点：
句子的框架是
that summer, those who remained were
found fleeing down
?
by new settles
?
,
who encouraged them
?。
这是一个被动句，
翻译时译成主动句。
who remained
是限制性定语从
< br>句修饰主语
those
。谓语部分是
were found fleeing
down
?。第二个
who
引导定语从句，它的先
行词是
new
settlers
。
介词短语
with fresh supplies
作
new
settlers
的定语。
them
指代
those who
remained
。
译文：那年夏天，带着给养刚刚到来的拓居者发现前期的幸存
者们顺着河流逃往英国，便劝说
他们三思而行。
39. By and large, the American diet
continued to reflect a considerable reliance upon
animal products,
rather than on grains,
which meant that a relatively large acreage was
required to feed the American
public.
要点：句子的框架是
by and
large, the American diet continued
to
?，
rather than on grains,
which
meant that
?。关系代词
which
引导非限制性定语从句，其先行词是上文的一整句。在这个从句<
/p>
中又包含一个由
that
引导的名词从句
作
meant
的宾语。
by and
large
意为
“总之，
总而言之”
rather
than
意为“而不是”
。
14
译文：总的说来，美国人的膳
食仍大量依赖家畜产品而不依赖粮食，这就意味着需要比较大的
土地面积来养活美国公众
。
40. These new-
age executives are likely to cause trouble in
companies where longer-serving middle
managers,
who
have
done
their
time
in
a
less-privileged
environment,
resent
the
concessions
the
recruits are winning.
要点：句子的框架是
these
new-age executives are likely to
cause
?
companies where
longer-serving
middle mangers, who
have
?
, resent the concession
s...
。关系副词
where
引导定
语从句，修饰先行
词
companies
。
在这个从句中，
谓语
resent
the concessions
被由关系代词
who
引导的非限制性定
语从句隔开。
the
recruits are winning
是一个省略了关代词
that
的定语从句，修饰
concessions
。
concessions
译为“特许权”
。
the recruits
译为“新手，新成员”
。
译文：这些新时代的理人员很有可能在一些公司制造事端，因
为在这些里，在特权现象较少的
环境里，有较长工作年限的中等经理对这些新成员所赢得
的特许权深感不满。
15
41.
This
is
an
elegant,
antimagnetic,
waterproof,
shock-protected
and
heat-resistant
watch
which
is
made of
stainless steel and high-precision fittings.
42. They send out pulses of
sound waves, pitched at 50,000 cycles per second,
far above the limits of
the human ear,
which can hear sounds up to frequencies of about
20,000 cycles per second
43. When they analyzed these rocks,
they found
“
shocked
”
quartz grains-slivers
with a particular
arrangement of micro
cracks believed to represent the relic left by an
extraterrestrial impact
44.
As
land
developed,
rain
water
and
rivers
dissolved
salts
and
other
substances
from
rocks
and
carried
them to the oceans, making the ocean salty.
45. On the other hand, the
person who is really guilty and whose past
experience has prepared him for
such
tests
can
distort
the
results
by
anticipating
the
crucial
questions
or
deliberately
giving
exaggerated responses
to neutral ones.
----------
---------41-45---------------------
41.
This
is
an
elegant,
antimagnetic,
waterproof,
shock-protected
and
heat-resistant
watch
which
is
made of stainless steel and high-
precision fittings.
要点：句子的框架是
this is
an
?
watch which is made of
?。这个句中的中心名词
watch
既有形容
词作前置定语，又有定语从句作后置定语。一般在翻译时，将前置定语后置。
译文：这是一只由不锈钢和高精度配件制成的
手表，它既美观、又防磁、防水、抗震、耐热
42.
They send out pulses of sound waves, pitched at
50,000 cycles per second, far above the limits of
the human ear, which can hear sounds up
to frequencies of about 20,000 cycles per second
要点：句子的框架是
they
send
out
pulses
of
?
,
far
above
?
the
human
ear,
which
can
hear
sounds
?。关系代词
which
引导定语从句，修饰
human
ear
。过去分词短语
pitched
at
?和介词短
语
far
above
?作
sound
waves
的定语。
they
指代前文的蝙蝠。
pitch
原意为“定基音”
，在此译
为“发出”
。
译文：人类
的耳朵仅能听见最高频率为
20000
赫兹的声音，蝙蝠却可以
发送出大超过这个限制
的高达
50000
赫兹的声波脉冲。
43.
When they analyzed these rocks, they found
“
shocked
”
quartz grains-slivers with a particular
arrangement of micro cracks believed to
represent the relic left by an extraterrestrial
impact
要点：
when
引导的时间直接翻译为“在?的时候”
。
译文：在分析这些岩芯时，他们发现“冲击”石英颗粒——带
有特殊排列的微裂缩缝的薄片，
科学家认为他们外层空间来的物体与地球碰撞留下来的遗
迹。
。
44.
As
land
developed,
rain
water
and
rivers
dissolved
salts
and
other
substances
from
rocks
and
carried
them to the oceans, making the ocean salty.
要点：
as
在句中引导的是一个时间状语从句。
译文：在陆地形成时，雨水和河水溶解了岩石中盐和其他物质并把他们带入海洋，使海水变咸。
< br>
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45. On the other hand, the
person who is really guilty and whose past
experience has prepared him for
such
tests
can
distort
the
results
by
anticipating
the
crucial
questions
or
deliberately
giving
exaggerated responses
to neutral ones.
要点：句子的框架是
on the
other hand, the person who is
?
and whose past
experience has
?
can
distort the results by
anticipating
?
or
giving
?。
这是一个简单复合句。
句子的主语
the person
和
谓语
can distort the results
被两个并
列的定语从句隔开，分别由关系代词
who
和
< br>whose
引导。
介词短语
by anticipating
?，作状语。代词
ones
指代
questions
。
译文：另一方面，一个
真正犯了罪的人由于过去的经验使他对这种测验有所准备，或对关键问
题早有所料，或对
中性问题故作夸大的反应，他是能使测验结果出现反常现象的。
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