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2021-02-10 14:22
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2021年2月10日发(作者:tamu)


In the 1960s, medical researchers Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe developed a checklist of


stressful


events.


They


appreciated


the


tricky


point


that


any


major


change


can


be


stressful.


Negative events like “serious illness of a family member” were high on the


list, but so were some


positive


life-changing


events,


like


marriage.


When


you


take


the


Holmes-Rahe


test


you


must


remember that the score does not reflect how you deal with stress



it only shows how much you


have to deal with. And we now know that the way you handle these events dramatically affects


your chances of staying healthy.



By the early 1970s, hundreds of similar studies had followed Holmes and Rahe. And millions


of Americans who work and live under stress worried over the reports. Somehow the research


got boiled down to a memorable message. Women’s magazines ran headlines like “Stress causes


illness”


If


you


want


to


stay


physically


and


mentally


healthy,


the


articles


said


avoid


stressful


such simplistic advice is impossible to follow. Even


if stressful events are dangerous


many



like the death of a loved one



are impossible to avoid. Moreover,



any warning to avoid


all stressful events is a prescription (


处方


) for staying away from opportunities as well as trouble.


Since any change can be stressful, a person who wanted to be completely free of stress would


never marry, have a child, take a new job or move.



The notion that all stress makes you sick also ignores a lot of what we know about people. It


assumes we’re all vulnerable (


脆弱的


) and passive in the face of adversity (


逆境


). But what about


human initiative and creativity




Many come through periods of stress with more physical and


mental vigor than they had before. We also know that a long time without change or challenge


can lead to boredom, and physical and mental strain.



21. The result of Holmes-Rahe's medical research tells us ____ .








A


the way you handle major events may cause stress








B


what should be done to avoid stress








C


what kind of event would cause stress








D


how to cope with sudden changes in life



22. The studies on stress in the early 1970’s led to ____ .








A


widespread concern over its harmful effects










B


great panic over the mental disorder it could cause








C


an intensive research into stress-related illnesses








D


popular avoidance of stressful jobs


23. The score of the Holmes-Rahe test shows ____ .








A


how much pressure you are under








B


how positive events can change you life








C


how stressful a major event can be








D


how you can deal with life-changing events


24. Why is “such simplistic advice” Line 1


impossible to follow










A


No one can stay on the same job for long






{





B


No prescription is effective in relieving stress








C


People have to get married someday








D


You could be missing opportunities as well



25. According to the passage people who have experienced ups and downs may become ____ .








A


nervous when faced with difficulties








B


physically and mentally strained








C


more capable of coping with adversity








D


indifferent toward what happens to them




Psychiatrists


(精神病专家


) who work with older parents say that maturity can be an asset in


child


rearing


-


older


parents


are


more


thoughtful,


use


less


physical


discipline


and


spend


more


time


with


their


children.


But


raising


kids


takes


money


and


energy.


Many


older


parents


find


themselves balancing their limited financial resources, declining energy and failing health against


the growing demands of an active child. Dying and leaving young children is probably the older


parents' biggest, and often unspoken, fear. Having late-life children, says an economics professor.


often


means


parents,


particularly


fathers,



up


retiring


much


later.


For


many,


retirement


becomes an unobtainable dream.


Henry


Metcalf.


a


54-year-old


journalist,


knows


it


takes


money


to


raise


kids.


But


he's


also


worried that his energy will give out first. Sure, he can still ride bikes with his athletic fifth grader,


but he's learned that young at heart doesn't mean young. Lately he's been taking afternoon naps


(


午睡


)



to keep up his energy.


:



Often, older parents hear the ticking of another kind of biological clock. Therapists who work


with middle-aged and older parents say fears about aging are nothing to laugh at.


they'll be mistaken for grandparents, or that they'll need help getting up out of those little chairs


in nursery school,


there is often a much bigger one:


their child,



Many late-life parents, though, say their children came at just the right time. After marrying


late and undergoing years of fertility (


受孕


) treatment, Marilyn Nolen and her husband. Randy,


had twins.


have


given


the


couple


what


they


desired


for


years,



of


family.


Kids


of


older


dads


are


often smarter, happier and more sociable because their fathers are more involved in their lives.


'The dads are older, more mature,



36. Why do psychiatrists regard maturity as an asset in child rearing


A) Older parents can better balance their resources against children's demands.



B) Older parents are usually more experienced in bringing up their children.


C) Older parents are often better prepared financially.


D) Older parents can take better care of their children.


37.


What


does


the


author


mean


by


saying



many,


retirement


becomes


an


unobtainable


dream


A) They have to go on working beyond their retirement age.



B) They can't get full pension unless they work some extra years.



C) They can't obtain the retirement benefits they have dreamed of.



D) They are reluctant to retire when they reach their retirement age.


38. The author gives the example of Henry Metcalf to show that


A) many people are young in spirit despite their advanced age .



B) taking afternoon naps is a good way to maintain energy


C) older parents tend to be concerned about their aging bodies


D) older parents should exercise more to keep up with their athletic children


39. What's the biggest fear of older parents according to New York psychologist Joan Galst


A) Being laughed at by other people.



B) Slowing down of their pace of life.


$$



C) Being mistaken for grandparents.



D) Approaching of death.


40. What do we learn about Marilyn and Randy Nolen


A) They thought they were an example of successful fertility treatment.



B) Not until they reached middle age did they think of having children.


C) Not until they had the twins did they feel they had formed a family.


D) They believed that children born of older parents would be smarter.


Communications technologies are far from equal when it comes to conveying the truth. The


first study to compare honesty across a range of communications media has found that people


are twice likely to tell lies in phone conversations as they are in emails. The fact that emails are


automatically recorded



and can come back to haunt (


困扰


) you



appears to be the key to the


findings.


Jeff


Hancock


of


Cornell


University


in


Ithaca.


New


York,


asked


30


students


to


keep


a


communications diary for a



it they noted the number of conversations or email exchanges they


had lasting more than 10 minutes, and confessed to how many lies they



then worked out the


number


of


lies


per


conversation


for


each


medium.


He


found


that


lies


made


up


14


per


cent


of


emails,


21


per


cent


of


instant


messages,


27


per


cent


of


face-to- face


interactions


and


an


astonishing 37 per cent of phone calls.


His results, to be presented at conference on human-computer interaction in Vienna, Austria,


in April, have surprised psychologists. Some expected e-mailers to be the biggest liars, reasoning


that because deception makes people uncomfortable, the detachment of emailing would make it


easier to lie. Others expected people to lie more in face-to-face exchanges because we are most


practiced at that form of communication.


%



But


Hancock


says


it


is


also


crucial


whether


a


conversation


is


being


recorded


and


could


be


reread, and whether it occurs in real time. People appear to be afraid to lie when they know the


communication


could


later


be


used


to


hold


them


to


account,


he


says.


This


is


why


fewer


lies


appear in email than on the phone.



People are also more likely to lie in real time



in an instant message or phone calls



than


they


have


time


to


think


of


a


response,


says


Hancock.


He


found


many


lies


are


spontaneous


responses to an expected question, such as: “Do you like me dress”



Hancock


hopes


this


research


will


help


companies


work


out


the


best


ways


for


their


employees to communicate. For instance, the phone might be the best medium for sales where


employees are


encouraged to


stretch


the


truth. But


given


his


results,


work


assessment,


where


honesty is a priority, might be best done using email.


57. Hancock’s study focuses on____________.



A



the consequences of lying in various communications media.


B



the success of communications technologies in conveying ideas


C



people’s preferences in selecting communications technologies.



D



people’s honesty levels across a range of communications media.




’s research finding surprised those who believed that_______


.


A



people are less likely to lie in instant message.






B



people are unlikely to lie in face-to- face interactions



C



people are most likely to lie in email communication




D



people are twice as likely to lie in phone conversation.


59.


According


to


the


passage,


why


are


people


more


likely


to


tell


the


truth


through


certain


medium of communication


A



They are afraid of leaving behind traces of lies.



B



They believe that honesty is the best policy.


C



They tend to be relaxed when using those media.


D



They are most practiced at those forms of communications.


60. According to Hancock, the telephone is a preferable medium for promoting sales because



A



salesmen can talk directly to their customs



<



B



salesmen may feel less restrained to exaggerate



C



salesmen can impress customers being trustworthy


D



salesmen may pass on instant messages effectively



61.



It can be inferred from the passage that _________.


A



honesty should be encouraged in interpersonal communications.


B



more employers will use emails to communicate with their employees



C



suitable media should be chosen for different communication purposes




D



email is now the dominant medium of communication within a company.



More


than


three


dozen


billionaires,


including


well-known


philanthropist


(


慈善家


)


David


Rockefeller, have promised at least half of their fortunes to charity, joining a programme that Bill


and Melinda Gates and Warren Buffett started in June to encourage other wealthy people to give.




The pledge is currently worth about $$ 150 billion, but the programme predicts it will eventually


be worth $$ 600 billion.




income of $$ 2200,


Giving Pledge,


to share with others.


The


pledge


has


been


a


matter


of


some


debate


in


philanthropic


and


non-profit


circles, with


some experts dismissing it as mere publicity and others predicting that it would produce a flood


of new money to support non-profit groups.


Buffett


said


the


real


value


of


the


pledge


was


found


in


the


example


it


set


and


in


the


sentiments (


情感


) expressed in the letters posted on the website.


Buffett and Gates will hold several dinners later this year to recruit more billionaires, and


members of the Giving Pledge will meet annually to discuss their philanthropy.


The pair are due to meet some wealthiest people in China next month and India in March.



think is a good idea and run with it, we will be cheering.



Buffett


said


the


number


of people


who had


agreed


to


sign


on


was


at


the


high


end


of


his


expectations. He said some people who declined to sign the pledge were planning to give away


most of their wealth but did not want to draw attention to those plans.


Energy tycoon (


大亨


) Pickens, who is worth about $$ 1 billion, said in his Giving Pledge letter:



long


stated


that


I


enjoy


making


money,


and


I


enjoy


giving


it


away.


I'm


not


a


big


fan


of


inherited wealth. It generally does more harm than good.


62. What's the purpose of the programme started by Bill and Melinda Gates and Warren Buffett


&



A) To spread the idea of charity around the world.



B) To publicise the pains and gains of charity work.


C) To involve more wealthy people in philanthropy.


D) To narrow the gap between the rich and the poor.


63. What message does Lorry Lokey intend to convey through his website posting


A) His family's income is far from large.



B) The spirit of giving runs in his family.


C) His family suffered during the Great Depression.


D) The wealth of his family has come the hard way.


64. Why are Buffett and Gates going to meet some wealthiest people in China and India


!



A) To share their experience with the newly rich there.



B) To publicise their generosity in helping the needy.


C) To persuade the wealthy people there to join their ranks.


D) To help the billionaires there see the true value of money.


65. What reason do some people give for declining to sign the pledge

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