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考研英语语法讲解
二、不定式
1.
不定式做主语
(
1
p>
)做形式主语的代词:
不定式做主语,通常用
it
充当形式主语,把做主语的不定式短语后置。如:
It took me only
five minutes to finish the job.
To be
frank
,
it is a
great relief to have the task fulfilled in so
short a time.
(
2
)引导逻辑主语的介词:
不定式的逻辑主语一般由介词
p>
for
引导,但下列表示人的性格行为特征的形容词做表语
时,不定式的逻辑主语则由
of
引导:
absurd
,
bold
,
brave
,
courageous
,
careful
,
careless
,
clever
,
wise
,
foolish
,
silly
,
stupid
,
good
,
nice
,
kind
,
thoughtful
,
considerate
,
greedy
,
generous
,
honest
,
modest
,
polite
,
rude
,
cruel
,
selfish
,
lazy
,
wicked
,
wrong.
如:
Experts say
walking is one of the best ways for a person to
stay healthy.
It''s clever of you to have invented
such a device.
(
3
)不定式做主语补足语:
掌握常用不定式做主语补足语的句
型。注意不定式表示的动作发生的时间,并采用相应
形式。如:
said
reported
thought
be to do sth.
believed
known
supposed
Byron is said
to have lived on vinegar and potatoes.
The
bank
is reported
in
the
local newspaper to
have
been
robbed
in
broad daylight
yesterday.
2.
不定式做宾语
(
1
p>
)必须接不定式做宾语的动词:
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掌握要求接不定式做宾语的动词:
agree
,
afford
,
aim
,
arrange
,
appear
,
ask
,
attempt
,
choose
,
claim
,
decide
,
desire
,
determine
,
expect
,
fail
,
guarantee
,
hope
,
endeavor
,
intend
,
long
,
mean
,
manage
,
offer
,
ought
,
plan
,
pledge
,
pretend
,
prepare
,
promise
,
proceed
,
prove
,
resolve
,
refuse
,
request
,
swear
,
tend
,
try
,
venture
,
wait
,
wish.
如:
Even though the
children pretended to be
asleep
,
the
nurses were not deceived when
they came
into the room.
注意:
1
)有的动词要求特殊疑问词
+
不定式做宾语,这类动词有:
consider
,
discover
,
explain
,
forget
,
guess
,
know
,
learn
,
observe
,
remember
,
see
,
tell
,
understand
,
wonder
,如:
While still a
young boy
,
Bizet
knew how to play the piano well and as he grew
older
,
he wrote
operas
,
the most
famous of which is Carmen.
2
)如果该特殊疑问词在不定式中做介词宾语,介词往往置于该
特殊疑问词的前面。如:
The professor can hardly find
sufficient grounds on which to base his argument
in favor
of the new theory.
Without
facts
,
we
cannot
form
worthwhile
opinion
for
we
need
to
have
factual
knowledge upon which to base our
thinking.
(
2
)可以用不定式做宾语补足语(复合宾语)的动词:
< br>
下列动词可以用不定式做
宾语补足语(复合宾语)
:
advise
,
allow
,
ask
,
beg
,
cause
,
command
,
compel
,
enable
,
determine
,
encourage
,
expect
,
feel
,
find
,
force
,
hate
,
have
,
hear
,
help
,
inform
,
invite
,
let
,
like
,
make
,
mean
,
need
,
notice
,
notify
,
oblige
,
order
,
permit
,
persuade
,
remind
,
request
,
require
,
see
,
send
,
teach
,
tell
,
tempt
,
trouble
,
urge
,
want
,
warn
,
watch
,
wish.
注意:画线动词后面的不定式不带
to.
如:
Because of the
recent accidents
,
our parents forbid my brother and me to
swim in the
river unless someone agrees
to watch over us.
3.
不定式做定语
(
1
p>
)
被修饰的名词前有序数词、
形容词最高级
或
next
,
last
,
only
,
not a
,
the
,
very