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考研英语语法讲解(不定式)

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2021-02-10 16:38
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2021年2月10日发(作者:地上衡)


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考研英语语法讲解



二、不定式





1.


不定式做主语






1


)做形式主语的代词:





不定式做主语,通常用


it


充当形式主语,把做主语的不定式短语后置。如:





It took me only five minutes to finish the job.




To be frank




it is a great relief to have the task fulfilled in so short a time.





2


)引导逻辑主语的介词:





不定式的逻辑主语一般由介词


for


引导,但下列表示人的性格行为特征的形容词做表语


时,不定式的逻辑主语则由


of


引导:





absurd




bold




brave




courageous




careful




careless




clever




wise




foolish




silly




stupid




good




nice




kind




thoughtful




considerate




greedy




generous




honest




modest




polite




rude




cruel




selfish




lazy




wicked




wrong.


如:





Experts say walking is one of the best ways for a person to stay healthy.




It''s clever of you to have invented such a device.





3


)不定式做主语补足语:





掌握常用不定式做主语补足语的句 型。注意不定式表示的动作发生的时间,并采用相应


形式。如:





said




reported




thought




be to do sth.




believed




known




supposed




Byron is said to have lived on vinegar and potatoes.




The


bank


is reported


in


the


local newspaper to


have


been


robbed


in


broad daylight


yesterday.




2.


不定式做宾语






1


)必须接不定式做宾语的动词:



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掌握要求接不定式做宾语的动词:





agree




afford




aim




arrange




appear




ask




attempt




choose




claim




decide




desire




determine




expect




fail




guarantee




hope




endeavor




intend




long




mean




manage




offer




ought




plan




pledge




pretend




prepare




promise




proceed




prove




resolve




refuse




request




swear




tend




try




venture




wait




wish.


如:





Even though the children pretended to be asleep




the nurses were not deceived when


they came into the room.




注意:





1


)有的动词要求特殊疑问词


+


不定式做宾语,这类动词有:





consider




discover




explain




forget




guess




know




learn




observe




remember




see




tell




understand




wonder


,如:





While still a young boy




Bizet knew how to play the piano well and as he grew older




he wrote operas




the most famous of which is Carmen.




2


)如果该特殊疑问词在不定式中做介词宾语,介词往往置于该 特殊疑问词的前面。如:





The professor can hardly find sufficient grounds on which to base his argument in favor


of the new theory.




Without


facts




we


cannot


form


worthwhile


opinion


for


we


need


to


have


factual


knowledge upon which to base our thinking.





2


)可以用不定式做宾语补足语(复合宾语)的动词:

< br>




下列动词可以用不定式做 宾语补足语(复合宾语)






advise




allow




ask




beg




cause




command




compel




enable




determine




encourage




expect




feel




find




force




hate




have




hear




help




inform




invite




let




like




make




mean




need




notice




notify




oblige




order




permit




persuade




remind




request




require




see




send




teach




tell




tempt




trouble




urge




want




warn




watch




wish.




注意:画线动词后面的不定式不带


to.




如:





Because of the recent accidents




our parents forbid my brother and me to swim in the


river unless someone agrees to watch over us.




3.


不定式做定语






1



被修饰的名词前有序数词、


形容词最高级 或


next




last




only




not a




the




very

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