英语四级长篇阅读段落信息匹配题练习及答案-4

英语四级长篇阅读段落信息匹配题练习及答案（

4

）

Directions:

In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten

statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of

the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.

You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a

letter.

长篇阅读

Definitions of Obesity

A) How does one define when a person is considered to be obese and not just

somewhat overweight? Height- weight tables give an approximate guideline as

to whether one is simply overweight or has passed into the obese stage.

B) The World Health Organization recommends using a formula that takes into

account a person's height and weight. The

calculated by dividing the person's weight in kilograms by the square of their

height in meters, and is thus given in units of kg/m2. A BMI of 18.5-24.9 is

considered to be the healthiest. A BMI of between 25 and 29.9 is considered to

be overweight, while a BMI of over 30 is considered to be obese.

C) However, it is recognized that this definition is limited as it does not take into

account such variables as age, gender and ethnic origin, the latter being

important as different ethnic groups have very different fat distributions.

Another shortcoming is that it is not applicable to certain very muscular people

such as athletes and bodybuilders, who can also have artificially high BMIs.

Agencies such as the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) in the USA

and the International Diabetes Foundation (IDF) are starting to define obesity in

adults simply in terms of waist circumference.

Health Effects of Obesity

D) Over 2000 years ago, the Greek physician Hippocrates wrote that

who are naturally very fat are apt to die earlier than those who are slender

This observation remains very true today. Obesity has a major impact on a

person's physical, social and emotional well-being. It increases the risk of

developing diabetes mellitus type 2 (

Type 2 diabetes more difficult to control. Thus weight loss improves the levels of

blood glucose and blood fats, and reduces blood pressure. The association

between obesity and coronary heart disease is also well-known.

Cancer

E) Furthermore, in 2001 medical researchers established a link between being

overweight and certain forms of cancer, and estimated that nearly 10,000

Britons per year develop cancer as a result of being overweight. This figure was

made up of 5,893 women and 3,220 men, with the strongest associations being

with breast and colon cancers. However, it is thought that being overweight

may also increase the risk of cancer in the reproductive organs for women and

in the prostate gland for men.

F) The link between breast cancer and nutritional status is thought to be due to

the steroid hormones oestrogen and progesterone, which are produced by the

ovaries, and govern a woman's menstrual cycle. Researchers have found that

the more a woman eats, or the more sedentary her lifestyle, the higher are the

concentrations of progesterone. This link could explain why women from less

affluent countries have lower rates of breast cancer. Women from less affluent

nations tend to eat less food and to lead lifestyles which involve more daily

movement. This lowers their progesterone level, resulting in

lower predisposition to breast cancer.

G) The Times newspaper, in 2002 reported that obesity was the main avoidable

cause of cancer among non-smokers in the Western world!

Aging

H) Research published by St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK in 2005 showed a

correlation between body fat and aging, to the extent that being obese added

8.8 years to a woman's biological age. The effect was exacerbated by smoking,

and a non-overweight woman who smokes 20 cigarettes a day for 20 years

added 7.4 years to their biological age. The combination of being obese and a