-
News agency
AP-
associated press
美联社
UP-united press international
(
美
)
合众国际社
Reuters-
Reuter’s
News Agency
(
英
)
路透社
PA-press association
(
英
)
报纸联合社
DPA-Deutsche Presse Agentur
德新社
AFD-Agence
France Presse
法新社
ANSA-Agenzia Nazionale Stampa Associata
意大利安莎通讯社
What is
news?
News is the reporting of anything
timely, which has importance, use, or interest to
a considerable number of persons in a
publication audience.
News is any
event, idea or opinion
that is
timely, that interests or affects a
large
number of people in a community
and that is capable of being understood by them.
What are news values?
1.
Timeless and freshness
2. Importance,
consequences, impact or significance.
3. Prominence
4. Neamess,
proximity or locality
5. Unusualness,
bizarreness, oddity or novelty
6.
Interest
What is journalese?
Journalese: style of writing
新闻之风
English
of
a
style
featured
by
use
of
colloquialisms,
superficially
of
thought
or
reasoning, clever or sensational
presentation of material, and evidences of haste
in
composition,
considered
characteristic
of
newspaper
writing
‖
W
ebster’s
1
W<
/p>
ednesday
‖
.
What is journalism?
1.
What is
journalistic English?
新闻英语
Journalistic
English aims at
the study of
English,
newspapers,
periodicals, radio,
television and
other media of communication.
2.
What is
journalism
Journalism is the collection
and periodical publishing of news.
It
includes writing
for, editing and
managing such media as the newspaper and the
periodical.
Types of journalism
1.
news
消息
Pure hard news
( brief
栏
)
题材严肃，时新
性
Soft news
人情味浓，写法轻松活泼
2.
feature
特写
再现新闻事件，人物和场量
Suspended interest of form
3.
editorial
&commentary
社论和评论
代表低级或杂志编辑部发表的权威性评论，有时很难懂
OP-ED (the New Y
ork Times)
Opinion page (Newsweek)
Today and tomorrow (New Y
ork
herald tribune)
Advertisement
Newspaper format
1.
Broadsheet
大报（严肃的，高质量的，报道真相）
A1 paper
2
．
tabloid
小报（普通的，贫民的，引起轰动的，提供娱乐的）
A2
paper
有些小报也是严肃的大报，比如
：
2
The Christian Science Monitor
The Guardian
Emergence of newspaper sections
1.
news
2.
features
3.
sports
4.
business
5.
editorial/ OP-ED
6.
classifieds
7.
science and
technology
8.
life
9.
health
10.
entertainment
The front page
Fl
ag/nameplate/masthead
报头
Feasers
报耳
hold
全文报道
rail
预告栏
gutter
中缝
Byline
署名
jumpline
跳页指示
Dateline
电头
Dateline
.8
.10 (AP)
Associated
press
完整的新闻组成
(
倒金字
塔
)
Headline
The
lead
Body
消息主体：倒金字塔式
The
inverted pyramid form
1. Intro
containing most important or most interesting
information (more facts)
2. Supporting
information or background
3. Quotes or
more facts of lesser importance
4.
Minor detail
5. Least significant
information
Lead
导语
一般是消息的第一个自然段，有
时也有两个自然段，是消息的概括。
3
作用：
1.
用简单的文字反映消息要点，了解主要事实和主题思想
2.
引出主题，阐述，解释主题的新闻主体
3.
唤起读者的注意，吸引读者看下去
导语必备
5ws
和一个
H
要素（第一代导语）
1.
导语种类
2.
常用导语
Usually the
first paragraph of the message, and sometimes
there are two paragraphs, is the
generalization of the message.
Role:
1
）
、
Reflect the message points, simple text
to understand the principal
facts and the
main
idea.
2
）
、
Theme leads on to explain the
theme of news main.
3
）
、
Arouse the reader's attention, to
attract readers to imagine what will happen.
4
）
、
Guide
the
language
essential
5ws
and
the
H
elements
(first
generation
Lead)Guide
Language classes
2.
Common Lead
Chronological order form
(
如香肠
)
Suspended
interest form
(
用于特写
)
Interpretative reporting
form
（着重探讨理念）
Lead
消息导语
1.
2.
3.
4.
5
个
w
导语
descriptive lead
question lead
quotation lead
4
5.
delayed lead
(
掺进讽刺和幽默，不直接讲出新闻事实
)
pyramid form
编年体史，消息的特点
1
）
chronological
style
2
）
consists
of beginning, events of time, sequence ending
3
）
Pyramid form.
Climax
消息的另一种结构“多足鼎”
Not fit for man or
beast
—
bitter cold grips
northeast
1
、
What
is news value? What are some basic elements of
news value?
News value
refers to the importance of the facts and details
in the news that
satisfy
the
public’s
interest
in
news.
Basic
elements
of
news
value
are
as
follows:
A) Timelines
Is
it
a
recent
development
or
is
it
old
news?
Freshness
strengthens
a
new
story.
B) Proximity(
接近
)
Is the story relevant to
local readers? Close-to-home
events
naturally are of
interest to
media outlets.
C) Conflicts Is the
issue developing?
Has
it
been
resolved
or
does
anybody
care?
Whether
it
involves
people,
governmental bodies, or sports teams,
conflict is considered newsworthy.
D) Eminence(
著名
)or
prominence
5
Are noteworthy people
involved? If so, that makes the story more
important.
Some happenings simply are
more newsworthy when well-known people are
involved.
E)
Consequence or impact
What
effect
will
the
story
have
on
readers?
Few
developments
hit
a
community as hard
–
economically as well as
emotionally -- as
mass
layoffs
by major employers. It is not
surprising, then that media give prominent play
to these occurrences.
F) Human interest
Even
though
it
might
not
be
an
earthshaking
event,
does
it
contain
unique,
interesting elements? Hunan interest
stories often appeal to the
emotions of
readers,
pulling
them
into
the
lives
of
others
or
into
subjects
of
broad
concern.
2. What is news
lead? What are direct lead and delayed lead?
News lead refers to the first a few
paragraphs which indicate the five Ws and
an H (WHO, WHA
T, WHERE,
WHEN, WHY
, HOW ) of the news story.
There are
two kinds of
news
leads: direct lead and delayed lead.
A
direct lead tells readers
the
most important aspect of the story in a
direct and straightforward way, and is
often used in ―hard news‖ A delayed
lead att
racts readers by hinting the
content of
the
story.
It
is
usually
found
in
features
and
other
―soft
stories‖
that
put
more
emphasis on human
interest rather than timeliness of an event.
3. What is the body
structure of a news story? What are advantages of
it?
6
The body structure of a news story is
inverted pyramid (also called ―inverted
triangle‖)
,
which means the
most important aspect of a story is higher up in
the body of the story,
while
other
information
is
written
lower
down
in
order
of
importance.
Advantages
of
inverted pyramid are as follows: 1.
Easy for journalists to write, since
the structure
is
clear. 2.
Easy for editors to modify, since the lower parts
are less important thus can be
readily
cut off if necessary. 3. Easy for readers to grasp
the main idea and decide whether
to
read on --- time is money!
4
、
Significance of
Newspaper Reading
？
1
）
.
Good
learning
Resources
for
English
learners
for
the
rich
vocabulary,
which
includes
various idioms,
common sayings and diverse phrases.
2
）
. Enable the
learners to enhance their reading ability by
providing authentic English learning
material.
3
）
. Broaden the
readers
’
horizon,
being the major access to world news.
1.4
）
. Good helper
for the learners to improve their writing skill,
due to the expert use of various
5
、
Functions of
Headlines
1
）
Summarizing the
story
2
）
Arousing
the reader
’
s interest
3
）
Beautifying the
newspaper page
4
）
Indicating how
much importance each news item has
6
、
Categorization
of Headlines
one-column headline---
streamer/banner
通栏大标题
one-deck headline ---four-
deck headline
一层题
/
二层题
/
?
/
四层题
crossline
单行题
, flush-left
headline
靠左齐头形
, drop-line or
indented head
阶梯下坠形
, inverted pyramid
form
倒
金字塔形
, centered headline, jump
head
转页标题
7
、
Features of
headlines
1
）
Grammatical
features
Grammatical
features---- Omission
Omission of articles / pronoun/
“
and
”
/ auxiliary verbs
China launches first ICBM into pacific
7
Boys on cliff rescued
Mother, daughter share Fulbright year
Witty, Inventive furniture dominates
Milan Exposition
Forecast of Mexican
quake accurate, but ignored
Tourist
arrested for espionage charges
2
）
Grammatical
features---- Tense
Simple
present is the most commonly used tense in
headline to give the reader a sense of
“
timeliness
”
by giving a vivid, eyewitness account.
US and Egypt hold air
exercises
Women
’
s soccer
calls for support
But: Unemployment in
U.K. increased in October
(2) Future is always indicated by
infinitive
“
to +
do
”
, or in simple present
tense.
Russia to hold Polish border
manoeuvres
Shanxi to invest
large sums for tourism
2 EC officials
to visit U.S. to pave way for trade talks
(3)
“
V
-ing
”
form is often used to indicate an
ongoing action.
Radio ,TV coverage
widening
Deposits, loans
rising in HK
3
）
Grammatical
features---- Predicate
(1)
Adjective as predicate
US carmaker
ready to cut output
Buenos Aires
“
close
”
to deal on fresh IMF loan
8