(完整word版)2018年上海高考英语选词填空专项练习(2)

WORD

格式整理

Section B

Directions:

Complete

the

following

passage

by

using

the

words

in

the

box.

Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than

you need.

A. accurate

B.

alteration

F. enormously

K. prediction

Beyond two or three days, the world’s best weather forecasts are

based on guesswork, and beyond six or seven they are worthless.

The Butterfly Effect is the reason. For small pieces of weather

—

and

to

a

global

forecaster,

small

can

mean

thunderstorms

and

snowstorms

—

any

___41___

fails

rapidly.

Errors

and

uncertainties

___42___,

gathering

upward through a chain of unstable features, from

dust devils

(

尘旋风

)

and

windstorms

up

to

continent-size

eddies

(

旋风

)

___43___

satellites

can

see.

The modern

weather

models work

with

a network of points of the order

of sixty miles apart, and even so, some ___44___ data has to be guessed,

since ground stations and satellites cannot see everywhere. But suppose

the earth could

be covered

with sensors spaced one foot apart, rising at

one-foot

___45___

all

the

way

to

the

top

of

the

atmosphere.

Suppose

every

sensor

gives

perfectly

___46___

readings

of

temperature,

pressure,

dampness,

and

any

other

quantity

a

meteorologist

(

气象工作者

)

would

want.

Exactly at noon a(n) ___47___ powerful computer takes all the data and

___48___

what

will

happen

at

each

point

at

12.01,

then

12.02,

then

12.03

…

The computer will still be unable to predict whether Princeton, New

Jersey,

will

have

sun

or

rain

on

a

day

one month

away.

At

noon

the

spaces

G. initial

H. intervals

I. merely

J. multiply

C. average

D. calculates E. conceal

专业知识分享

WORD

格式整理

between

the

sensors

will

___49___

alterations

that

the

computer

will

not

know

about,

tiny

variations

from

the

___50___.

By

12.01,

those

alterations

will

already

have

created

small

errors

one

foot

away.

Soon

the

errors

will

have multiplied to the ten-foot scale, and so on up to the size of the

globe.

Keys:

41-45 KJIGH 46-50 AFDEC

Section B

Directions:

Complete

the

following

passage

by

using

the

words

in

the

box.

Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than

you need.

A.

B.

C. comparison

D.

countless

exhausted

essential

G.

H. cleared

I.

J.

relatively

unfortunately

recycled

E.

F.

estimates

distinctive

K.

restricts

Rain

forests,

found

in

Earth’s

temperate

and

tropical

(

热带的

)

zones,

are some of the most biologically varied ecosystems on the planet. All

rain

forests

share

certain

___41___

features,

including

a

closed

canopy,

thedensevegetation

of

thetop

branches

that

forms

a

roof

above

the

forest

floor,

a

damp

and

warm

climate,

and

___42___

constant

temperatures

throughout the year. Most of the forest’s insect and animal life grows

well

in

the

canopy’s

leafy

and

sunlit

environment.

The

forest’s

groundcover, by comparison, is small. Less than 2 percent of the sun’s

light makes its way through the canopy and the darkness below. This

darkness,

along

with

the

poor

quality

of

the

soils,

___43___

plant

growth.

Rain forests are a(n) ___44___ part of Earth’s total ecology. Huge

amounts of water are absorbed into tree roots and ___45___ into the

专业知识分享

WORD

格式整理

atmosphere from the tree leaves through a process called

transpiration

(

蒸发

).

Tree

roots

also

fix

the

soil

in

place

and

slow

the

runoff

of

rains

into rivers and oceans. Through the process of

photosynthesis

(

光合作

用

),

rain

forests

absorb

more

carbon

dioxide

and

give

off

more

oxygen

than

any other ecosystem.

The rain forests are ___46___ shrinking at a rapid rate as a result

of

the

profitable

ventures

of

farming,

logging,

and

mining.

When

tropical

rain

forests

are

___47___

in

order

to

raise

cattle

and

crops,

the

nutrient-poor soils are quickly ___48___. When farmers move on to new

areas,

heavy

rains

and

baking

sun

leave

the

land

fruitless

and

lifeless.

Logging and mining cause similar damage to the land and destroy the

territory of ___49___ millions of birds, insects and animals. By some

___50___,

an

area

of

tropical

rain

forest

the

size

of

the

state

of

Delaware

disappears in this way every month.

Keys:

41-45 F G K D J

46-50 I H B A E

Section B

Directions:

Complete

the

following

passage

by

using

the

words

in

the

box.

Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than

you need.

A. challenged B. functions C. solved D. deserves E. mirrors

F.

practical G.

further H.

urge I.

presence J.

opposing K.

survival

“In

wilderness

is

the

preservation

of

the

world.”

This

is

a

famous

saying

from

a

writer

regarded

as

one

of

the

fathers

of

environmentalism.

The

frequency

with

which

it

is

borrowed

41

a

heated

debate

on

environmental

protection:

whether

to

place

wilderness

at

the

heart

of

what

is to be preserved.

专业知识分享

WORD

格式整理

As

John Sauven

of Greenpeace

UK

points out,

there is a strong appeal

in

images

of

the

wild,

the

untouched;

more

than

anything

else,

they

speak

of

the

nature

that

many

people

value

most dearly.

The 42 to

leave

the

subject of such images untouched is strong, and the danger exploitation

brings

to

such

landscapes

is

real.

Some

of

these

wildernesses

also

perform

43 that

humans

need

—

the

rainforests,

for

example,

store

carbon

in

vast

quantities.

Lee Lane, a visiting fellow at the Hudson Institute, takes the 44

view.

He

acknowledges

that

wildernesses

do

provide

useful

services,

such

as water conservation. But that is not, he argues, a reason to avoid all

human 45 ,

or

indeed

commercial

and

industrial

exploitation.

There

are

ever more people on the Earth, and they reasonably and rightfully want

to have better lives, rather than merely struggle for 46 . While the

ways of using resources

have improved, there

is still a

growing need for

raw materials, and some wildernesses contain them in abundance. If they

can be tapped without reducing the services those wildernesses provide,

the

argument

goes,

there

is

no 47 reason

not

to

do

so.

Being

untouched

is not, in itself, a characteristic worth valuing above all others.

I

look

forward

to

seeing

these

views

taken

further,

and

to

their

being

48 by

the

other

participants.

One

opinion

is

that

both

cases

need

to

take

on the question of spiritual value a little more directly. And there is

a 49 question as to whether wildernesses can be exploited without

harm.

This is a topic that calls for not

only free expression

of feelings,

but also the guidance of reason. What position wilderness should enjoy

in

the

preservation

of

the

world

obviously

50

much more serious

thinking.

KEYS

专业知识分享