-
2016
年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）
真题及答案（完整版）
（注：以下选项标红加粗为正确答案）
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text.
Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank
and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10
points)
In Cambodia the choice of a spouse is a
complex one for the young male. It may involve not
only his parents and his
friends,
１
those of the young
women, but also a matchmaker. A young man can 2 a
likely spouse on his own and them ask his parents
to 3 the
marriage negotiations. or the
young man's parents may make the choice of a
spouse, giving the child little to say in the
selection. 4 , a
girl may veto the
spouse her parents have chosen. 5 a spouse has
been selected, each family investigates the other
to make sure its
child is marrying 6 a
good family.
The traditional wedding is a long and
colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days 7
by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day
and a half. Buddhist priests offer a
short sermon and 8 prayers of blessing. Parts of
the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, 9 cotton
threads soaked in holy water around the
bride's and groom's wrists ,and 10 a candle around
a circle of happily married and respected
couples to bless the 11 .Newlyweds
traditionally move in with the wife's parents and
may 12 with them up to a year, 13 they can build a
flew house nearby.
Divorce is legal and easy
to 14 ,but not common .Divorced persons are 15
with some disapproval. Each spouse retains 16
property he or she 17 into the
marriage, and jointly -acquired property is 18
equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a
gender
prejudice 19 up .The divorced
male doesn't have a waiting period before he can
remarry 20 the woman must wait the months.
1. [A] by way
of
[B] as well as
[C] on behalf of [D] with regard to
2. [A] adapt to
[B] provide for [C]compete with
[D] decide on
3. [A] close [B]
renew
[C]arrange
[D] postpone
4.
[A] In theory
[B]
Above all [C] In time [D] For
example
5. [A]
Although [B] Lest
[C]
After
[D] Unless
6.
[A]
into
[B] within [C] from
[D] through
7.
[A] sine [B] or
[C] but
[D] so
8. [A] test
[B]copy
[C]recite
[D] create
9.
[A] folding [B] piling [C] wrapping
[D] tying
10. [A] lighting
[B]
passing
[C] hiding
[D] serving
11.
[A] meeting [B] association [C]
collection
[D]union
12. [A] grow
[B] part [C] deal
[D]live
13. [A] whereas
[B] until
[C] for
[D] if
14.
[A] obtain
[B] follow
[C] challenge
[D]avoid
15.
[A] isolated [B] persuaded
[C] viewed
[D]
exposed
16.
[A]wherever
[B]
however [C] whenever
[D]whatever
17. [A] changed
[B]
brought
[C] shaped
[D] pushed
18.
[A] divided
[B] invested [C] donated [D]
withdrawn
19.
[A]clears [B] warms
[C]
shows
[D] breaks
20.
[A]while
[B] so what
[C]once [D] in that
Section II Reading
Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the
following four texts. Answer the questions below
each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your
answers on the ANSWER
SHEET. (40
points)
Text 1
France, which prides itself
as the global innovator of fashion, has decided
its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to
define
physical beauty for woman. Its
lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a
law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-
thin
models on runways.
The parliament also agreed
to ban websites that
Such measures have a couple of
uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not
be defined by looks that end up with impinging
on health. That's a start. And the ban
on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting
models from starring themselves to health -as
some have done. It tells the fashion
industry that it move take responsibility for the
signal it sends women, especially teenage girls,
about the social tape -measure they
must use to determine their individual worth.
The bans, if
fully enforced ,would suggest to woman (and many
men )that they should not let others be orbiters
of their beauty .And
perhaps faintly,
they hint that people should look to intangible
qualities like character and intellect rather than
dieting their way to sine
zero or wasp-
waist physiques .
The French measures, however, rely too
much on severe punishment to change a culture that
still regards beauty as
skin-deep-and
bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model
that does not meet a government-defined index of
body mess
could result in a $$85,000
fine and six months in prison.
The fashion industry knows
it has an inherent problem in focusing on material
adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark,
the United States, and a few other
countries, it is trying to set voluntary standard
for models and fashion images there rely more on
pear pressure for enforcement.
In contrast to
France's actions, Denmark's fashion industry
agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding
age, health, and
other characteristics
of models .The newly revised Danish Fashion
Ethical charter clearly states, we are aware of
and take
responsibility for the impact
the fashion industry has on body ideals,
especially on young people. The charter's main
toll of enforcement
is to deny access
for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen.
Fashion week, which is men by the Danish Fashion
Institute .But in general it relies on
a name-and -shame method of compliance.
Relying on
ethical persuasion rather than law to address the
misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even
better would be to
help elevate notions
of beauty beyond the material standards of a
particular industry.
21. According to the first paragraph,
what would happen in France?
[A] Physical beauty would
be redefined
[B] New runways would be constructed
[C] Websites
about dieting would thrive
[D] The fashion industry would decline
22. The phrase
[A] heightening
the value of
[B] indicating the state of
[C] losing faith in
[D] doing harm
to
23. Which of the following is true of
the fashion industry
[A] The French measures have already
failed
[B] New
standards are being set in Denmark
[C] Models are
no longer under peer pressure
[D] Its inherent problems
are getting worse
24. A designer is most likely to be
rejected by CFW for
[A] setting perfect physical conditions
[B] caring too
much about models' character
[C] showing little concern
for health factors
[D] pursuing a high age
threshold for models
25. Which of the following maybe the
best title of the text?
[A] A challenge to the Fashion
Industry's Body Ideals
[B] A Dilemma for the
starving models in France
[C] Just Another Round of struggle for
beauty
[D] The
Great Threats to the Fashion Industry
Text 2
For the first time in the
history more people live in towns than in the
country. In Britain this has had a curious result.
While polls
show Britons rate
proudest of their country, this has
limited political support.
A century ago Octavia Hill launched the
National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to
save
everyone forever
Hill's
pressure later led to the creation of national
parks and green belts. They don't make countryside
any more, and every year
concrete
consumes more of it .It needs constant
guardianship.
At the next election none of the big
parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The
Conservatives' planning reform explicitly
gives rural development priority over
conservation,
even authorizing
profitable.
Labour likewise wants to discontinue local
planning where councils oppose development. The
Liberal Democrats are silent
only u
sensing its chance, has sides with those pleading
for a more considered approach to using green
land. Its campaign to protect
Rural
England struck terror into many local conservative
parties.
The
sensible place to build new houses factories and
offices is where people are in cities and towns
where infrastructure is in place.
The
London agents Stirling Ackroyed recently
identified enough sites for half of million houses
in the Landon area alone with no
intrusion on green belts. What is true
of London is even truer of the provinces. The idea
that
meadows
George Osborne
favours rural new-build against urban renovation
and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites
against high
streets. This is not a
free market but a biased one. Rural towns and
villages have grown and will always grow. They do
so best where
building sticks to their
edges and respects their character. We do not ruin
urban conservation areas. Why ruin rural ones?
Development
should be planned, not let trip, After the
Netherlands, Britain is Europe's most crowed
country. Half a century of town
and
country planning has enable it to retain an
enviable rural coherence, while still permitting
low-density urban living. There is no
doubt of the alternative-the corrupted
landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland.
Avoiding this rather than promoting it should
unite the left and right of the
political spectrum.
26. Britain's public sentiment about
the countryside
[A] is not well reflected in
politics
[B] is fully backed by the royal family
[C] didn't
start fill the Shakespearean age
[D] has brought much
benefit to the NHS
27. According to paragraph
2
，
the achievements of the
National Trust are now being
[A] largely overshadowed
[B] properly
protected
[C]
effectively reinforced
[D] gradually destroyed
28. Which of
the following can be offered from paragraph 3
[A] Labour is
under attack for opposing development
[B] The Conservatives may
abandon
[C]
Ukip may gain from its support for rural
conservation
[D] The Liberal Democrats are losing
political influence
29. The author holds that George
Osbornes's preference
[A] shows his disregard for the
character of rural area
[B] stresses the necessity of easing
the housing crisis
[C] highlights his firm stand against
lobby pressure
[D] reveals a strong prejudice against
urban areas
30. In the last paragraph the author
show his appreciation of
[A] the size of population in Britain
[B] the
enviable urban lifestyle in Britain
[C] the town-and-country
planning in Britain
[D] the political life in
today's Britain
Text 3
use
its resources and engage in activities designed to
increase its profits.
corporate social
responsibility(CSR) policies as a waste of
shareholders's money, things may not be absolutely
clear-act. New research
suggests that
CSR may create monetary value for companies at
least when they are prosecuted for corruption.
The largest
firms in America and Britain together spend more
than $$15 billion a year on CSR, according to an
estimate by EPG, a
consulting firm.
This could add value to their businesses in three
ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a
company's products are of high quality.
Second, customers may be willing to buy a
company's products as an indirect may to donate to
the good causes it helps. And third,
through a more diffuse
consumers and
others.
Previous studies on CSR have had
trouble differentiating these effects because
consumers can be affected by all three. A recent
study attempts to separate them by
looking at bribery prosecutions under American's
Foreign Corrupt Practices Act
（
FCPA
）
.It argues
that since prosecutors do not consume a
company's products as part of their
investigations
，
they could be
influenced only by the halo
effect.
The study found
that
，
among prosecuted
firms
，
those with the most
comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more
lenient
penalties. Their analysis ruled
out the possibility that it was firm's political
influence, rather than their CSR stand, that
accounted for the
leniency: Companies
that contributed more to political campaigns did
not receive lower fines.
In all, the study concludes that
whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case
based on its merits, they do seem to be
influenced by a company's record in
CSR.
or increasing corporate giving by
about20% result in fines that generally are 40%
lower than the typical punishment for bribing
foreign
officials.
Researchers admit that
their study does not answer the question at how
much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it
reveal how much companies are banking
on the halo effect, rather than the other possible
benefits, when they companies get into
trouble with the law, evidence of good
character can win them a less costly punishment.
31. The author
views Milton Friedman's statement about CSR with
[A]uncertainty
[B]skepticism
[C]approval
[D]tolerance
32. According to Paragraph
2, CSR helps a company by
[A]guarding it against malpractices
[B]protecting
it from consumers
[C]winning trust from
consumers.
[D]raising the quality of its products
33. The
expression
[A]less controversial
[B]more lasting
[C]more effective
[D]less
severe
34. When prosecutors evaluate a case, a
company's CSR record
[A]comes across as reliable evidence
[B]has an
impact on their decision
[C]increases the chance of
being penalized
[D]constitutes part of the
investigation
35. Which of the following is true of
CSR according to the last paragraph?
[A] The necessary amount of
companies spending on it is unknown
[B] Companies'
financial capacity for it has been overestimated
[C] Its
negative effects on businesses are often
overlooked
[D]It has brought much benefit to the
banking industry
Text 4
There will
eventually come a day when The New York Times
ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly
when that day will be
is a matter of
debate.
Nostalgia for ink on paper and the
rustle of pages aside, there's plenty of incentive
to ditch print. The infrastructure required to
make a physical newspaper - printing
presses, delivery trucks - isn't just expensive;
it's excessive at a time when online - only
competitors don't have the same set of
financial constraints. Readers are migrating away
from print anyway. And though print ad sales
still dwarf their online and mobile
counterparts, revenue from print is still
declining.
Overhead may be high and circulation
lower, but rushing to eliminate its print edition
would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO
Jonah Peretti.
Peretti says the Times shouldn't waste
time getting out of the print business, but only
if they go about doing it the right way.
most loyal customers really
upset with you.
Sometimes that's worth making a change
anyway. Peretti gives the example of Netflix
discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to
focus on streaming.
The
most loyal customers would still get the product
they favor, the idea goes, and they'd feel like
they were helping sustain the
quality
of something they believe in.
it at a
higher rate each year and essentially try to
generate additional revenue.
make it for
the people who are already obsessed with it. Which
may be what the Times is doing already. Getting
the print edition seven
days a week
costs nearly $$500 a year - more than twice as much
as a digital - only subscription.
we're going to
have questions like that where we have things
we're doing that don't make sense when the market
changes and the
world changes. In those
situations, it's better to be more aggressive that
less aggressive.
36. The New York Times is considering
ending it's print edition partly due to
[A] the
increasing online and sales
[B] the pressure from its
investors
[C]
the complaints from its readers
[D] the high cost of
operation
37. Peretti suggests that in face of
the present situation, The Times should
[A] make
strategic adjustments
[B] end the print sedition
for good
[C]
seek new sources of leadership
[D] aim for efficient
management
38.
It can be inferred from paragraphs 5and 6 that a
[A] helps
restore the glory of former times
[B] is meant for the most
loyal customers
[C] will have the cost of printing
reduced
[D]
expands the popularity of the paper
39. Peretti believes that
in a changing world
[A] traditional luxuries can stay
unaffected
[B]
cautiousness facilitates problem-solving
[C]
aggressiveness better meets challenges
[D] legacy
businesses are becoming out dated
40. which of the following
would be the best title of the text?
[A] shift to online
newspapers all at once
[B] Cherish the Newspapers still in
Your Hand
[C]
keep Your Newspapers Forever in Fashion
[D] Make Your
print Newspapers a luxury Good
Part B
Directions:
Read the
following text and answer the questions by
choosing the most suitable subheading from the
list A-G for each of the
numbered
paragraphs (41-45). There are two extra
subheadings. Mark your answers on the ANSER SHEET.
(10 point)
[A]
Create a new image of yourself
[B] Decide if the time is
right
[C] Have
confidence in yourself
[D]Understand the context
[E]Work with professionals
[F]Make it
efficient
[G]Know your goals
No matter how formal or
informal the work environment, the way you present
yourself has an impact. This is especially true in
the
first impressions. According to
research from Princeton University , people assess
your competence, trustworthiness, and likeability
in
just a tenth of a second, solely
based on the way you look.
The difference between today's
workplace and the
have evolved and
fragmented. In some settings, red sneakers or
dress T-shirts can convey status; in other not so
much. Plus, whatever
image we present
is magnified by social-media services like
LinkedIn. Chances are, your headshots are seen
much more often now
than a decade or
two ago. Millennials, it seems, face the paradox
of being the least formal generation yet the most
conscious of style
and personal
branding. It can be confusing.
So how do we navigate this?
How do we know when to invest in an upgrade? And
what's the best way to pull off one than
enhances our goals? Here are some tips:
41___[
B] Decide if the time
is right
As an executive coach, I've seen image
upgrades be particular helpful during transitions-
when looking for a new job, stepping into
a new or more public role, or changing
work environments. If you're in a period of change
or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be
a good time. If you're not sure, ask
for honest feedback from trusted friends,
colleagues and professionals. Look for cues about
how
others perceive you. Maybe there's
no need for an upgrade and that's OK
42_____[
G]Know
your goals
Get clear on what impact you're hoping
to have. Are you looking to refresh your image or
pivot it? For one person, the goal may be
to be taken more seriously and enhance
their professional image. For another, it may be
to be perceived as more approachable, or
more modern and stylish. For someone
moving from finance to advertising, maybe they
want to look more
characterizations
like that )
43
____[
D]Understand the
context
Look at your work environment like an
anthropologist. What are the norms of your
environment? What conveys status? Who are
your most important audiences? How do
the people you respect and look up to present
themselves? The better you understand the
cultural context, the more control you
can have over your impact.
44 _____[
E]Work with
professionals
Enlist the support of professionals and
share with them your goals and context. Hire a
personal stylist, or use the free styling
service of a store like J. Crew. Try a
hair stylist instead of a barber. Work with a
professional photographer instead of your spouse
or
friend. It's not as expensive as you
might think.
45
______[
F]Make it efficient
The point of a
style upgrade isn't to become more vain or to
spend more time fussing over what to wear.
Instead, use it as an
opportunity to
reduce decision fatigue. Pick a standard work
uniform or a few go-to options. Buy all your
clothes at once with a stylist
instead
of shopping alone, one article of clothing at a
time.
Part C
Directions:
Read the
following text carefully and then translate the
underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation
should be written neatly
on the ANSWER
SHEET. (10 points)
Mental health is our birthright. (46)
we don't have to learn how to be mentally healthy,
it is built into us in the same way that our
bodies know how to heal a cut or mend,
a broken bone. Mental health can't be learned,
only reawakened. It is like immune system of
the body, which under stress or through
lack of nutrition or exercise can be weakened, but
which never leaves us. When we don't
understand the value of mental health
and we don't know how to gain access to it, mental
health will remain hidden from us. (47) Our
mental health doesn't go anywhere; like
the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily
hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being
restored in an instant.
Mental health is the seed
that contains self-esteem -confidence in ourselves
and an ability to trust in our common sense. It
allows
us to have perspective on our
lives-the ability to not take ourselves too
seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see the
bigger picture, and to
see that things
will work out. It's a form of innate or unlearned
optimism. (48) Mental health allows us to view
others with sympathy if
they are having
troubles, with kindness if they are in pain, and
with unconditional love no matter who they are.
Mental health is the
source of
creativity for solving problems, resolving
conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful,
managing our home life, or coming
up
with a creative business idea or invention to make
our lives easier. It gives us patience for
ourselves. And toward others as well as
patience while driving, catching a
fish, working on our car, or raising a child. It
allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each
moment in nature, in culture, in the
flow of our daily lives.
(49)Although mental health is the cure-
all for living our lives, it is perfecting
ordinary as you will see that it has been there to
direct
you through all your difficult
decisions. It has been available even in the most
mundane of life situations to show you right from
wrong,