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【雅思真题】剑
6Test1
阅读
Passage1
真题及解析
READING PASSAGE 1
You should
spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which
are based on Reading Passage 1
below.
AUSTRALIA'S SPORTING
SUCCESS
A They play hard,
they play often, and they play to win. Australian
sports teams win more than
their fair
share of titles, demolishing rivals with seeming
ease. How do they do it A big part of the
secret is an extensive and expensive
network of sporting academies underpinned by
science and
medicine. At the Australian
Institute of Sport (AIS), hundreds of youngsters
and pros live and
train under the eyes
of coaches. Another body, the Australian Sports
Commission (ASC), finances
programmes
of excellence in a total of 96 sports for
thousands of sportsmen and women. Both
provide intensive coaching, training
facilities and nutritional advice.
B Inside the academies, science takes
centre stage. The AIS employs more than 100 sports
scientists and doctors, and
collaborates with scores of others in universities
and research centres.
AIS scientists
work across a number of sports, applying skills
learned in one - such as building
muscle strength in golfers - to others,
such as swimming and squash. They are backed up by
technicians who design instruments to
collect data from athletes. They all focus on one
aim:
winning. ‘We can't waste our time
looking at ethereal scientific questions that
don't help the
coach work with an
athlete and improve performance,' says Peter
Fricker, chief of science at AIS.
C A lot of their work comes down to
measurement - everything from the exact angle of a
swimmer’s dive to the
second
-by-second power output of a
cyclist. This data is used to wring
improvements out of athletes. The focus
is on individuals, tweaking performances to
squeeze an
extra hundredth of a second
here, an extra millimetre there. No gain is too
slight to bother with.
It’s the tiny,
gradual improvements that add up to
world
-beating results. To demonstrate
how
the system works, Bruce Mason at
AIS shows off the prototype of a 3D analysis tool
for studying
swimmers. A wire-frame
model of a champion swimmer slices through the
water, her arms
moving in slow motion.
Looking side-on, Mason measures the distance
between strokes. From
above, he
analyses how her spine swivels. When fully
developed, this system will enable him to
build a biomechanical profile for
coaches to use to help budding swimmers. Mason's
contribution to sport also includes the
development of the SWAN (SWimming ANalysis)system
now used in Australian national
competitions. It collects images from digital
cameras running at
50 frames a second
and breaks down each part of a swimmer's
performance into factors that can
be
analysed individually - stroke length, stroke
frequency, average duration of each stroke,
velocity, start, lap and finish times,
and so on. At the end of each race, SWAN spits out
data on
each swimmer
D ‘Take a look,' says Mason, pulling
out a sheet of data. He points out the data on the
swimmers
in second and third place,
which shows that the one who finished third
actually swam faster. So
why did he
finish 35 hundredths of a second down ‘His turn
times were 44 hundredths of a
second
behind the other guy,' says Mason. ‘If he can
improve on his turns, he can do much
better’ This is the kind of accuracy
that AIS scientists' research is
bringing to a range of
sports.
With the Cooperative
Research Centre for Micro Technology in Melbourne,
they are developing
unobtrusive sensors
that will be embedded in an athlete's clothes or
running shoes to monitor
heart rate,
sweating, heat production or any other factor that
might have an impact on an
athlete's
ability to run. There's more to it than simply
measuring performance. Fricker gives the
example of athletes who may be down
with coughs and colds 11 or 12 times a year. After
years
of experimentation, AlS and the
University of Newcastle in New South Wales
developed a test
that measures how much
of the immune-system protein immunoglobulin A is
present in
athletes' saliva. If IgA
levels suddenly fall below a certain level,
training is eased or dropped
altogether. Soon, IgA levels start
rising again, and the danger passes. Since the
tests were
introduced, AIS athletes in
all sports have been remarkably successful at
staying healthy.
E Using
data is a complex business. Well before a
championship, sports scientists and coaches
start to prepare the athlete by
developing a ‘competition model', based on what
they expect will
be the winning times.
‘You design the model to make that time,' says
Mason. ‘A start of this
much, each
free-swimming period has to be this fast, with a
certain stroke frequency and stroke
length, with turns done in these
times.' All the training is then geared towards
making the
athlete hit those targets,
both overall and for each segment of the race.
Techniques like these
have transformed
Australia into arguably the world's most
successful sporting nation.
F Of course, there's nothing to stop
other countries copying-and many have tried. Some
years
ago, the AIS unveiled coolant-
lined jackets for endurance athletes. At the
Atlanta Olympic Games
in 1996, these
sliced as much as two per cent off cyclists' and
rowers' times. Now everyone uses
them.
The same has happened to the ‘altitude tent',
developed by AIS to replicate the effect of
altitude training at sea level. But
Australia's success story is about more than
easily copied
technological fixes, and
up to now no nation has replicated its all-
encompassing system.
Questions 1-7
Reading
Passage 1 has six paragraphs, A-F.
Which paragraph contains the following
information
?
Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes
1-7 on your answer sheet.
NB You may
use any letter more than once.
1 a
reference to the exchange of expertise between
different sports
2 an explanation of
how visual imaging is employed in investigations
3 a reason for narrowing the scope of
research activity
4 how some AIS ideas
have been reproduced
5 how obstacles to
optimum achievement can be investigated
6 an overview of the funded support of
athletes
7 how performance requirements
are calculated before an event
Questions 8-11
Classify the
following techniques according to whether the
writer states they
A are currently
exclusively used by Australians
B will
be used in the future by Australians
C
are currently used by both Australians and their
rivals
Write the correct letter, A, B
or C, in boxes 8-11 on your answer sheet.
8 cameras
9 sensors
10 protein tests
11 altitude
tents
Questions 12 and 13
Answer the questions below.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR
A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 12 and 13
on your answer sheet.
12 What is
produced to help an athlete plan their performance
in an event
?
13
By how much did some cyclists' performance improve
at the 1996 Olympic Games
READING PASSAGE
1
真题解析:
篇章结构
体裁
说明文
主题
澳大利亚的体育成就
结构
A
段:澳大利亚体育成绩斐然
B
段:科技是第一生产力
C
段:精确测量和数据分析
D
段:精确测量和数据分析的实例
E
段:数据的实际应用
F
段:不可复制的成功
必背词汇
A
段
fair adj.
合理的
pro
n.
职业运动员
demolish
v.
击败;破坏,毁坏
under the eye of
在
……
的注意下
rival n.
竞争者,对手
body n.
团体,机构
seeming adj.
表面上的
(
通常事实并非如此
) finance v.
< br>给
……
提供经费
ease n.
不费力,轻松
excellence n.
优秀,卓越
extensive
adj.
广泛的,涉及面广的
intensive
adj.
强化的
underpin
v.
以
……
为稳固基础
nutritional adj.
营养的
B
段
centre stage
中心地位
squash n.
壁球
collaborate v.
合作
instrument n.
仪器,器械
golfer n.
打高尔夫球的人
ethereal adj.
飘渺的,引申为不切实际的
C
段
come down
to(sth.)
可归结为
wire-frame
adj.
线框的
second-
by-second
每秒的
slice
v.
划开;切开
output
n.
输出
slow motion
慢动作
wring…out of
原义为扭,榨取,此处引申为从
……
中
(
经过努力
)
获得
side-on
从侧面
stroke n.
划动,划水
tweak v.
扭,用力拉
spine n.
脊柱
world-
beating adj.
举世瞩目的
swivel
v.
旋转
prototype
n.
原型
biomechanical adj.
生物力
(
学
)
的
profile
n.
原义为轮廓、外形,此处意为模型
velocity
n.
速度,速率
lap
n.
一圈
budding
adj.
发展中的
spit out
原义是吐出,此处引申为显示出、分析出
frame n.
帧,画面
D
段
turn time
转身时间
immunoglobulin n.
免疫球蛋白
unobtrusive
adj.
不显眼的,不醒目的
present
adj.
存在的
sensor
n.
传感器
saliva
n.
唾液
embed
v.
使插入;使嵌入
ease
v.
减轻,减弱
sweat
v.
出汗,发汗
remarkably
adv.
显着地,引人注目地;非常地
experimentation
n.
实验,试验
immune-
system
免疫系统的
E
段
complex adj.
复杂的
transform v.
转换,转变,改变
championship
n.
冠军赛
arguably adv.
可论证地
(
可辩论地
)
,有理由说地
gear v.
< br>调整,
(
使
)
< br>适合
segment
n.
部分
F
段
unveil v.
展示
(
新产品
)
;揭开
altitude tent
高原帐篷
coolant-lined
流线型散热
replicate
v.
复制
endurance
n.
耐力;忍耐力
encompass
v.
包含或包括某事物
slice
v.
减少,降低
难句解析
1. A lot of
their work comes down to
measurement
—
everything from
the exact angle of a
swimmer's dive to
the second-by-second power output of a
cyclist.
参考译文:许多工作都涉及具体测量,测量
内容包括从游泳运动员潜水的精确角度到自行
车运动员每秒功率输出的所有数据。
语言点:
come down
to
:归结为;涉及
If a complicated
situation or problem comes down to something,
that is the single most important thing
It all comes down to money in the
end.
归根到底,一切都是因为钱。
2. No gain is too slight to bother
with.
参考译文:无论多么微小的收获都值得为之努力。
语言点:
(1)too…to
的用法:表示否定的含义,译为
“
太
……
以致于不能
”
。本
句话虽然短,却因为有
no
否定词和
t
oo…to
句型而出现了肯定的意思,因此要格外注意。可以根据
“
负负得正
”
的
原则直接将原句翻译成肯定的意思,便于理解。
(2)gain n.
获得
①
[C] an advantage or
improvement, especially one achieved by planning
or effort
②
[U&C] an
increase in the amount or level of something
③
[U] financial profit,
especially when this seems to be the only thing
someone is interested in
The party made
considerable gains at local
elections.
该党派在地方选举中获得许多利益。
(3) bother v.
努力做
: to make the effort to
do something
①
(not) bother
to do something
He didn't bother to
answer the question.
②
(not)
bother about/with
He didn't bother with
a reply.
③
(not) bother
doing something
Many young people
didn't bother voting.
don't/didn't/won't etc. bother
‘ Do you want me to wait for you’ ‘No,
don't bother.’
Why bother to
go abroad when there are so many nice places
here
3. You design the model
to make that time A start of this much, each free-
swimming period
has to be this fast,
with a certain stroke frequency and stroke length,
with turns done in these
times.
参考译文:人们设计一
种模式以达到预期的速度,该模式规定了出发时间的长短、每次划
水的速率、一定的划频
和划距、转身所需的时间等等。
注意:代词
< br>this
和
that
,
these
等所指代的东西,需要通过上下文理解掌握。本句话中代词<
/p>
指的是
“
竞赛模式
”
下所预期的时间、速度等。
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