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《英语国家概况》美国篇-期末整理

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2021-02-12 19:26
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2021年2月12日发(作者:ffg)



《英语国家概况》美国篇


整理



-


期末



The United States of America


Part 1




The Country and The American Identity


Common-sense Knowledge


1



全称:


The United States of America (


美利坚合众国


)


2


、简称:



the United States; the U.S.;



America.



3



National Anthem



《星条旗永不落》


< /p>



Banner


(同时可以叫做国旗)



年被美国国会正式定


为国歌。



4



National Flower



Rose


5



Jet lag: About 16 hours (west of America), and 13 hours


(east of America).


(了解)



6



The Capital: Washington D.C.



为纪念美国国父乔治


-


华盛顿和发现美洲新大陆的哥


伦布


Christophe


而定名



7


、绰号:山姆大叔(


Uncle Sam




Location


Canada on the north




Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico on


the south




1



Atlantic Ocean on the east




Pacific Ocean on the west.


— 《英语国家概况》


?美国?第


2


页—< /p>





2



The largest country in the world



Russia< /p>



Canada




China



America



brazil



Australia.


3



50 states in total


Alaska



the largest



Rhode Island (

< p>
罗德岛州


)



the


smallest



Texas


(德克萨斯州)



the largest on the


mainland


4


、著名城市


Boston



Massa chusetts


马萨诸塞州的首府



5


、两边两座山,中间一条河。



The eastern part



the highlands formed by the


Appalachian Range (


阿巴拉挈亚山脉


).


The western part



Rocky Mountains


(落基山)



the great


backbone of North America


The Mississippi River




6




The Great Lakes



1




Lake Michigan


密歇根湖



wholly within the


United States


唯一全在美国境内




2




Lake Erie


伊利湖和


Lake Ontario


安大略湖间有


Niagara Falls


尼亚加拉大瀑布




3




Lake Superior


苏必利尔湖


世界上最大的淡水湖




4




无特色的


Lake Huron


休伦湖



—《英语国家概况》


?美国?第


3


页—





Climate


1



Mainly temperate with some mild subtropical zones with


only the southern Florida and Hawaii being tropical.


大部


分是温带大陆性气候。< /p>



2



The Northeast


东北部著名城市有:


< br>(


1



Boston


波士顿




2



New York


纽约:




Situated on three islands



Manhattan Island


(曼哈顿


岛)


, Long Island


(纽约长岛)



and Staten Island


(斯塔顿


岛)



at the mouth of Hudson River


(哈德逊河)


.




Five boroughs



Manhattan


(曼哈顿)


, Brooklyn


(布鲁


克林)


, Bronx



布朗克斯)


, Richmond



里士满)



and Queens


(纽约皇后区)


.




the headquarter of the United Nations


(联合国总部)




The statue of liberty


自由女神像


The formal name is



3



The South


南部著名城市有:



New Orleans(


新奥尔良


)



Miami


(迈阿密);

< p>
Atlanta


(亚


特兰大)



4




The Midwest



the birthplace of the Republican Party


共和党的诞生地



中部著名城市有:



—《英语国家概况 》


?美国?第


4


页—

< br>





1



Chicago



the windy city; second most populous city


after New York



New York


最多)



5



The West


西部著名城市有:




1



San Francisco


圣弗兰西斯科


/


旧 金山有


Golden Gate


Bridge


(金门大桥)




2



Los Angels


洛杉矶有


Hollywood

< br>(好莱坞)位于


California


加州



The American Identity (People)


1




人口构成复杂



The White 75%



Native Indians & Hawaiians 0.9%


(不到


1%

);


The Black 12%



The Asians 43%



Mixed Races


2.5%.


The United States is a nation of many ethnic groups,


making it a “


melting pot



(大熔炉)


.


2




Uneven distribution


人口分布不均



东北多西南少



The most densely populated region



the northeastern part


The Great Plains



a comparatively small population


The South



a population of almost 57.5 million people


The West



not densely populated


3




Civil Rights Movement


民权运动



—《英语国家概况》


?美国?第


5


页—





Martin Luther King





I Have a Dream




4


Hispanics



the Spanish-speaking population of the


United States



第二语言


Spanish


Three major Hispanic groups: Mexican- Americans



Puerto Ricans



Cuban-Americans


Part 2




History


整理脉络:发现新大陆——殖民——独立战争 ——联邦政府的建立——内战——


西部大扩张——两次世界大战中的美国——当下的美国



发现新大陆时期


:


1




Mount Rushmore


总统山


/


拉什莫尔山,


位于南达科他


州。< /p>



2




哥伦布


Columbus


发现新大陆。



3




Name


的由来


: Ameriga Vespucci


(阿美利歌


-


韦斯 普


奇)



proved that the land was not India, but a new


continent. Therefore, the land was named America after


him.


4




Native Americans



the Indians


—《英语国家概况》


?美国?第


6

< br>页—





5




In 1565, the Spanish established the first permanent


European settlement (


移民地


) in the continental U.S. at


St. Augustine, Florida.


最早移民为西班牙人。



6




John Cabot was the first English explorer to travel to


the New World and claimed the first piece of land for


England by the end of the 15th century.


7




最早有


13


个殖民地。


1607-1733< /p>


,英国在美国建立


13


个殖民地。



They were Virginia, Maine, New Hampshire,


Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, Rhode Island,


Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, New Jersey,


Pennsylvania and Georgia.


8




In 1620, A group of English Puritans(


英国清教徒


),


now known as the Pilgrim Fathers



清教徒先祖


/


朝拜者)


,


landed at Cape Cod


(科德角)


, near Boston, after ailing


in the small ship the Mayflower


“五月花号“



for months.


Landed at now known Plymouth, Massachusettes.


注意:“五月花号”



9




Thanksgiving Day


—《英语国家概况》


?美国?第


7


页—





1863


年,美国总统林肯宣布每年十一月的第四个星期四


为感恩节。首个庆祝的感恩节在


1621


年。



殖民地时期:



1




北美十三个殖民地



2



The reasons of Europeans




coming to America


(看下即


可)



(1) The need for increased trade;


(2) The zeal of Spanish priests to convert the native


Indians to Christianity;



(3) The need of European religious and political


dissenters for refuge from persecution in their


homelands;


(4) The thirst for adventure of some individuals.


独立战争时期


The War of Independence/ American revolution




1



The Causes:




With the development of economy, the people in the


colonies wanted more power to determine their own


business


(自决权)


. But the policy of the British


government was to bring the development under control


—《英语国家概况》


?美国?第


8


页—





(把经济发展控于股掌)


and collect more taxes from the


colonies.



The Boston Tea Party(


波士顿茶叶事件


): In 1773,


several dozen Boston residents dressed as Indians boarded


the ships of the British East India Company



登 上英国东印


度公司的船)



and threw the tea into the harbor.


注意:波士顿茶叶事件


The Boston Tea Par ty



1773


年和

< br>英国东印度公司


the British East India Company


2




The Continental Congress


大陆会议,中英文会表达。



以下表格很重要。




The First


Continental


Congress


The Second


Continental


Congress


Time


1774


1775


Place


Philadelphia


费城



备注




Philadelphia


与莱克星 顿


费城



的枪声


The


fire of


Lexington


同在


1775



发生,时隔


—《英语国家概况》


?美国?第


9


页—





三周。



3




In September, 1783, the Treaty of Paris


巴黎条约


was


signed. Britain recognized the independence of the


United States.


注意:巴黎条约的签订代表了美国的真正独立。



联邦政府的建立时期


Establishment of a federal form of government




领土扩张和西进运动时期


Territorial expansion and the westward Movement




1



Forced England to give up the Old Northwest


(迫使英


格兰放弃旧西北地区)



2



Purchased the Louisiana


from Nepoleon.(1790’s)


向拿


破伦购买路易斯安那州(使得国土面积变身原先两倍)

< br>


3



Forced Spain to cede Florida and the Gulf coast


迫使西


班牙放弃弗罗里达和墨西哥海岸



4



Texas added to the Union(1845) 1845


年,


德克萨斯加入


联邦(


1845


年之前,德克萨斯属于 墨西哥)



5



Obtained California and New Mexico from Mexico by


the war with Mexico (1846-1848)

< br>从墨西哥战争


1846-4848


得到加利福尼亚和新墨西哥。



6



The Gadsden Purchase(1853) another 30,000 square


miles of Mexican land were added to the territory of the


—《英语国家概况》


?美 国?第


10


页—



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