-
《英语国家概况》美国篇
整理
-
期末
The United States of America
Part 1
The Country and The American Identity
Common-sense Knowledge
1
、
全称:
The United States
of America (
美利坚合众国
)
2
、简称:
the United States; the U.S.;
America.
3
、
National
Anthem
:
《星条旗永不落》
<
/p>
Banner
(同时可以叫做国旗)
p>
年被美国国会正式定
为国歌。
4
、
National
Flower
:
Rose
5
、
Jet lag: About
16 hours (west of America), and 13 hours
(east of
America).
(了解)
6
、
The Capital:
Washington D.C.
为纪念美国国父乔治
p>
-
华盛顿和发现美洲新大陆的哥
伦布
Christophe
而定名
7
、绰号:山姆大叔(
Uncle
Sam
)
Location
Canada on the
north
;
Mexico and
the Gulf of Mexico on
the south
;
1
、
Atlantic Ocean
on the east
;
Pacific Ocean on the west.
—
《英语国家概况》
?美国?第
2
页—<
/p>
2
、
The largest
country in the world
:
Russia<
/p>
,
Canada
,
China
,
America
p>
,
brazil
,
Australia.
3
、
50
states in total
Alaska
—
the
largest
;
Rhode Island (
罗德岛州
)
—
the
smallest
;
Texas
p>
(德克萨斯州)
—
the largest
on the
mainland
4
、著名城市
Boston
是
Massa
chusetts
马萨诸塞州的首府
5
、两边两座山,中间一条河。
The eastern
part
—
the highlands formed by
the
Appalachian Range
(
阿巴拉挈亚山脉
).
The
western part
—
Rocky Mountains
(落基山)
—
the great
backbone of North America
The Mississippi River
—
6
、
The Great Lakes
(
1
)
Lake Michigan
密歇根湖
—
wholly within the
United
States
唯一全在美国境内
(
2
)
Lake Erie
伊利湖和
Lake
Ontario
安大略湖间有
Niagara
Falls
尼亚加拉大瀑布
(
3
)
Lake Superior
苏必利尔湖
—
世界上最大的淡水湖
(
4
)
无特色的
Lake Huron
休伦湖
—《英语国家概况》
?美国?第
3
页—
Climate
1
、
Mainly
temperate with some mild subtropical zones with
only the southern Florida and Hawaii
being tropical.
大部
分是温带大陆性气候。<
/p>
2
、
The
Northeast
东北部著名城市有:
< br>(
1
)
Boston
波士顿
(
2
)
New
York
纽约:
①
Situated on three
islands
—
Manhattan
Island
(曼哈顿
岛)
,
Long Island
(纽约长岛)
and Staten
Island
(斯塔顿
岛)
at the mouth of Hudson
River
(哈德逊河)
.
②
Five boroughs
—
p>
Manhattan
(曼哈顿)
,
Brooklyn
(布鲁
克林)
,
Bronx
(
布朗克斯)
,
Richmond
(
里士满)
and
Queens
(纽约皇后区)
.
③
the headquarter of the
United Nations
(联合国总部)
④
The statue of liberty
自由女神像
The formal name is
3
、
The
South
南部著名城市有:
New Orleans(
新奥尔良
)
;
Miami
(迈阿密);
Atlanta
(亚
特兰大)
4
、
The
Midwest
—
the birthplace of
the Republican Party
共和党的诞生地
中部著名城市有:
—《英语国家概况
》
?美国?第
4
页—
< br>
(
1
)
Chicago
—
the windy city; second most populous city
after New York
(
New
York
最多)
5
、
The West
西部著名城市有:
(
1
)
San
Francisco
圣弗兰西斯科
/
旧
金山有
Golden Gate
Bridge
(金门大桥)
(
2
)
Los
Angels
洛杉矶有
Hollywood
< br>(好莱坞)位于
California
加州
The American Identity (People)
1
、
人口构成复杂
The White
75%
;
Native Indians &
Hawaiians 0.9%
(不到
1%
);
The Black
12%
;
The Asians
43%
;
Mixed Races
2.5%.
The United States is a
nation of many ethnic groups,
making it
a “
melting
pot
”
(大熔炉)
.
2
、
Uneven distribution
人口分布不均
东北多西南少
The most
densely populated region
—
the
northeastern part
The Great
Plains
—
a comparatively small
population
The
South
—
a population of almost
57.5 million people
The
West
—
not densely populated
3
、
Civil Rights Movement
民权运动
—《英语国家概况》
?美国?第
5
页—
Martin Luther
King
—
“
I Have a
Dream
”
4
、
Hispanics
—
the
Spanish-speaking population of the
United States
第二语言
Spanish
Three
major Hispanic groups: Mexican-
Americans
;
Puerto
Ricans
;
Cuban-Americans
Part 2
History
整理脉络:发现新大陆——殖民——独立战争
——联邦政府的建立——内战——
西部大扩张——两次世界大战中的美国——当下的美国
发现新大陆时期
:
1
、
Mount Rushmore
总统山
/
拉什莫尔山,
位于南达科他
州。<
/p>
2
、
哥伦布
Columbus
发现新大陆。
3
、
Name
的由来
: Ameriga
Vespucci
(阿美利歌
-
韦斯
普
奇)
proved that
the land was not India, but a new
continent. Therefore, the land was
named America after
him.
4
、
Native
Americans
—
the Indians
—《英语国家概况》
?美国?第
6
< br>页—
5
、
In
1565, the Spanish established the first permanent
European settlement
(
移民地
) in the continental
U.S. at
St. Augustine, Florida.
最早移民为西班牙人。
6
、
John Cabot was the first English
explorer to travel to
the New World and
claimed the first piece of land for
England by the end of the 15th century.
7
、
最早有
13
个殖民地。
1607-1733<
/p>
,英国在美国建立
13
个殖民地。
They were Virginia, Maine, New
Hampshire,
Massachusetts, Connecticut,
New York, Rhode Island,
Maryland, North
Carolina, South Carolina, New Jersey,
Pennsylvania and Georgia.
8
、
In
1620, A group of English
Puritans(
英国清教徒
),
now known as the Pilgrim Fathers
(
清教徒先祖
/
朝拜者)
p>
,
landed at Cape
Cod
(科德角)
, near Boston, after
ailing
in the small ship the Mayflower
“五月花号“
for
months.
Landed at now known Plymouth,
Massachusettes.
注意:“五月花号”
9
、
Thanksgiving Day
—《英语国家概况》
p>
?美国?第
7
页—
1863
年,美国总统林肯宣布每年十一月的第四个星期四
为感恩节。首个庆祝的感恩节在
1621
年。
殖民地时期:
1
、
北美十三个殖民地
2
、
The reasons of
Europeans
‘
coming
to America
(看下即
可)
(1) The need for increased trade;
(2) The zeal of Spanish priests to
convert the native
Indians to
Christianity;
(3) The need
of European religious and political
dissenters for refuge from persecution
in their
homelands;
(4) The
thirst for adventure of some individuals.
独立战争时期
The War of
Independence/ American
revolution
:
1
、
The Causes:
①
With the
development of economy, the people in the
colonies wanted more power to determine
their own
business
(自决权)
.
But the policy of the British
government was to bring the development
under control
—《英语国家概况》
?美国?第
8
页—
(把经济发展控于股掌)
and
collect more taxes from the
colonies.
②
The Boston Tea
Party(
波士顿茶叶事件
): In 1773,
several dozen Boston residents dressed
as Indians boarded
the ships of the
British East India Company
(
登
上英国东印
度公司的船)
and
threw the tea into the harbor.
注意:波士顿茶叶事件
The Boston Tea Par
ty
、
1773
年和
< br>英国东印度公司
the British East India
Company
2
、
The Continental
Congress
大陆会议,中英文会表达。
以下表格很重要。
The First
Continental
Congress
The Second
Continental
Congress
Time
1774
1775
Place
Philadelphia
费城
备注
Philadelphia
与莱克星
顿
费城
的枪声
The
fire of
p>
Lexington
同在
1775
年
发生,时隔
—《英语国家概况》
?美国?第
9
页—
三周。
3
、
In
September, 1783, the Treaty of Paris
巴黎条约
was
signed.
Britain recognized the independence of the
United States.
注意:巴黎条约的签订代表了美国的真正独立。
联邦政府的建立时期
Establishment of a
federal form of government
:
领土扩张和西进运动时期
Territorial
expansion and the westward
Movement
:
1
、
Forced England
to give up the Old Northwest
(迫使英
格兰放弃旧西北地区)
2
、
Purchased the
Louisiana
from Nepoleon.(1790’s)
向拿
破伦购买路易斯安那州(使得国土面积变身原先两倍)
< br>
3
、
Forced
Spain to cede Florida and the Gulf coast
迫使西
班牙放弃弗罗里达和墨西哥海岸
4
、
Texas added to
the Union(1845) 1845
年,
德克萨斯加入
联邦(
1845
年之前,德克萨斯属于
墨西哥)
5
、
Obtained
California and New Mexico from Mexico by
the war with Mexico (1846-1848)
< br>从墨西哥战争
1846-4848
,
得到加利福尼亚和新墨西哥。
6
、
The Gadsden
Purchase(1853) another 30,000 square
miles of Mexican land were added to the
territory of the
—《英语国家概况》
?美
国?第
10
页—