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过去时的四种时态

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2021-02-12 23:03
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2021年2月12日发(作者:prosper)



5


、一般过去时:主语



+


动词过去式



动词过去式的变化规律:



1.


直接加


ed



wo rk


——


worked look


——


looked




2.


以 不发音


e


结尾的单词,直接加


d



live


——


lived hope


——


hoped use


——


used,


3.


以辅音字母


+y


结尾的,


y



i



ed



study

< br>——


studied carry


——


carried worry


——


worried,


4.


以元音字母


+y


结尾的,直接加


ed



enj oy


——


enjoyed play


——


played


5. < /p>


以重读闭音节结尾的,双写最后的辅音字母


+ed



stop


——


stopped plan


——


planned


重读闭音节:单个元音字母后面有辅字母(


r


除外)且以辅音字母结尾的重读音节。就是一


个元音字母后跟一个或几个辅音字 母的单词。可以这么理解



a)


辅音< /p>


+


元音


+


辅音< /p>



例如:


bad



bed



sit


hot



cup;

< p>
b)


元音


+


辅音



例如



it



of;


c)


元音


+


多个辅音



例如:



egg



fish




不规则变化的动词过去式:



have ---had are---were get---got say---said feel---felt do/does---did is---was go---went


drink --drank


eat--ate


bring---- brought


think----thought


buy ----bought


catch----


caught


teach


----


taught sit----sat wear----wore cut----cut sweep----swept sleep


——


slept become---- became



1



表示过去的动作或状态,


常和具体的过去时间状语或从句连用,



yesterday, just now



last year



in 2012, a few days ago, once upon a time


(很久以前)


, in the old days, the other day


(前几天)


, when I was 18 years old


等。



eg:


You′ve already missed too many classes this term.


You missed two classes just last week.


eg: Did you have a party the other day




eg: I had a conversation with Jack yesterday.



2


)表示过去一段时间内经常或反复的动作。常与


always



never

等连用。



eg: I never drank wine.


我以前从不喝酒。



(不涉及到现在,不说明现在是否喝酒)



eg: Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella.


彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞。



(只是说明她过去的动作,不表明她现在是否常带着伞。


< p>


eg: Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella.


彼得太太老是带着伞。



(说明这是她的习惯,表明她现在仍然还习惯总带着一把伞)



eg: Mrs. Peter is always carrying an umbrella.


彼得太太总是带着一把伞。


(表示说话者 对这一


动作或行为厌烦)




3


)强调已经终止的习惯时要用



used to do


(过去常常做,而现在不那样做了)



eg: I used to take a walk in the mornin g.


我过去是在早晨散步。


(意味着现在不在早晨散步了)




4


)在谈到已 死去的人的情况时,多用过去时。



eg: Lei Feng was a good soldier.


eg: Jane was a good teacher.



Jane


已经死 了。




eg: Jane is a good teacher.



Jane

还没有死。






6


、过去进行时:主语



+ was



were



+


动词现在分词




1


)过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一 段时间内进行或发生的动作。常需用表示过去


的时间状语或通过上下文来判断时间。


常与表示过去的时间状语连用,如


last


night,


last Saturday


等;或者与


when, while, as


引导的过去时间状语连用。



eg: He was reading newspaper when the telephone rang.


在电话响的时候,他正在读报纸。



eg: He was doing his homework from 7 to 9 last night.


昨天晚上


7

点到


9


点他正在做作业。






2



when



wh ile


的用法区别:



when


既可以表示一定特定时间点,


也可以表示一段时间,


其所引导的从句使用一般过去时,



while


只能表示持续的一段时间,其所引导的从句使用过去进行时。因此


wh en


引导的时


间状语从句中的动词可以是终止性动词,也可以是 延续性动词,而


while


从句中的动词必须

< br>是延续性动词。



eg: I fell and hurt myself while I was playing tennis.


eg: When he finished his homework, he went to play basketball with his brother. .


eg: One of the guards was sleeping when the general came in, which made him very angry.



7


、过去完成时:主语



+ had +


动词过去分词




1



表示在过去 某一时间或动作之前已经完成了的动作


(即过去的过去)



这个过去的某一


时间可用



by



before


等介词或 连词引导的短语或一个从句来表示。



eg: When I went to visit Mrs. Smith last week



I was told she had left two days before.


eg: About the sixth century A.D. when few Europeans could read



the Chinese had invented paper.



2


)表示由过去的某一时间开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态,常和


for,


since


构成的时间状语连用。



eg: The chemistry class had begun for live minutes when we hurried there.


eg: I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.


当车来的时候,我在车站


已经等了


20


分钟。



eg: He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.


他说自从


1949


年以来他就在那家工厂工


作。




8


、过去完成进行时:主语



+ had been +


动词现在分词



1


)表示过去某一时间之前一直进行的动作。


< p>
过去完成进行时表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始,


一直延续到另一个过去 时间。


和过去完


成时一样,过去完成进行时也必须以一过去时间 为前提。



eg: I had been looking for it for days before I found it.


这东西我找了好多天才找着的。



eg: They had only been waiting for the bus a few moments when it came


他们只等了一会儿车就


来了。




2


)表示反复的一个动作

< p>


eg: He had been asking me the same question


.他一直问我同样的一个问题。



eg: He had been mentioning your name to me.


他过去多次向我提到过你的名字。




9


、一般将来时:下详



和一般将来时连用的时间状语:



1



tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, tomorrow morning/afternoon/evening


2



next year/week/month/hour/day/century


3

< p>


in+


一段时间



4) in the future


5) this afternoon/Sunday/evening


6) from now on


7) one day, someday


(未来的)某天



8) soon < /p>



1



will



shall



+


动词原形:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。





eg: He will come and help you.


他回来帮助你的。



eg: Tomorrow will be Sunday.


明天就是星期天。



eg: The rain will stop soon.


雨很快就要停了。



eg: Shall we go there at five?


我们五点钟去那儿,好吗?



eg: Will you please open the door?


请你把门打开,好吗?




2



be going to +


动词原形:用来表示事先考虑过的将要发生的动作以及已有迹象 表明必


将要发生的某事,意为



打算; 就要





eg: Are you going to attend the lecture




你打算去听这个讲座吗?



eg: We're going to meet outside the school gate.


我们打算在校门口见面。



eg: Look! It's going to rain.


瞧!快下雨了。




3



be to +


动词原形:表示必须或安排、计划好了的动作。



eg: The Five-Ring Road is to be open to traffic before National Day.


五环路将在国庆节前通车。



eg: He is to visit Japan next year.


明年他将访问日本。




4



be about to +


动词原形:表示即将发生的动作。



eg: The lecture is about to begin.


讲座即将开始。



eg: They're about to leave. (=They're leaving.)


他们就要走了。




5



be +


动词现在分词:某些表示开始、终结、往来行动的动词,如:


go



come


< br>start



arrive


,< /p>


leave


等,用现在进行时可表示将来。



eg: We are leaving for Beijing tomorrow.


我们明天动身去北京



eg: The foreign guests are arriving in Shanghai tonight.



10


、将来进行时:主语



+ shall



will

< p>


be +


动词现在分词



1


)表示将来某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作,或者按计划在将来将要进行的动 作。



eg: When he comes to my house tomorrow, I will be writing the report.


eg: I think that she will be working on this experiment until next morning.


eg: After you take the medicine, you will be feeling much better.


eg: My duties will be ending in July , and I'll be returning to ShangHai.



2


)与现在进 行时态的区别



现在进行时表示一种经过考虑的


,


将来要进行的动作,而将来进行时通常表示正常过程中会

发生的动作,因此


将来进行时不如现在进行时那样肯定,比现在进行时偶然性要大一 些





eg: I am seeing Tom tomorrow.


明天我要和汤姆见面。



eg: I'll be seeing Tom tomorrow.


明天我会见到汤姆。




3


)与一般将来时态的区别



一般将来进时通常表示的是对将来事实的简单陈述


.



will+v.


(


一般将来时


)


除表示时间概念


外,还带有感情色彩。将来进行时 则表示在将来特定的某个时间发生的事情:



eg: Tom will be cutting grass tomorrow.


汤姆明天将正在割草。




eg: Tom will cut the grass tomorrow.


汤姆明天愿意割草。




11


、将来完成时:主语



+ shall



will

< p>


have +


动词过去分词



表示在将来某一时刻以前已经完成的动作。




eg: By next year he will have worked in New York for live years.



到明年为止,他在纽约已经工作了


5


年了。



eg: By next Friday



he will have studied here for three years.


到下周五,他在这里学习就要满


3


年了。



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