-
5
、一般过去时:主语
+
动词过去式
动词过去式的变化规律:
1.
p>
直接加
ed
:
wo
rk
——
worked
look
——
looked
,
2.
以
不发音
e
结尾的单词,直接加
d
:
live
——
lived
hope
——
hoped
use
——
used,
3.
以辅音字母
+y
结尾的,
变
y
为
i
加
ed
:
study
< br>——
studied
carry
——
carried
worry
——
worried,
4.
以元音字母
+y
结尾的,直接加
ed
:
enj
oy
——
enjoyed
play
——
played
5. <
/p>
以重读闭音节结尾的,双写最后的辅音字母
+ed
:
stop
——
stopped plan
——
planned
重读闭音节:单个元音字母后面有辅字母(
r
除外)且以辅音字母结尾的重读音节。就是一
个元音字母后跟一个或几个辅音字
母的单词。可以这么理解
a)
辅音<
/p>
+
元音
+
辅音<
/p>
例如:
bad
,
bed
,
sit
,
hot
,
cup;
b)
元音
+
辅音
例如
it
、
of;
c)
元音
+
多个辅音
例如:
egg
,
fish
。
不规则变化的动词过去式:
have
---had are---were get---got say---said feel---felt
do/does---did is---was go---went
drink
--drank
eat--ate
bring----
brought
think----thought
buy
----bought
catch----
caught
teach
----
taught
sit----sat wear----wore cut----cut sweep----swept
sleep
——
slept become----
became
(
1
)
表示过去的动作或状态,
常和具体的过去时间状语或从句连用,
如
yesterday, just
now
,
last
year
,
in 2012, a few days
ago, once upon a time
(很久以前)
,
in the old days, the other
day
(前几天)
, when I was 18
years old
等。
eg:
You′ve already missed too many classes
this term.
You missed two classes just
last week.
eg: Did you have a party the
other day
?
eg: I
had a conversation with Jack yesterday.
(
2
)表示过去一段时间内经常或反复的动作。常与
always
,
never
等连用。
eg: I never drank
wine.
我以前从不喝酒。
(不涉及到现在,不说明现在是否喝酒)
eg: Mrs. Peter always carried an
umbrella.
彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞。
(只是说明她过去的动作,不表明她现在是否常带着伞。
)
eg: Mrs. Peter always carries an
umbrella.
彼得太太老是带着伞。
(说明这是她的习惯,表明她现在仍然还习惯总带着一把伞)
eg: Mrs. Peter is always carrying an
umbrella.
彼得太太总是带着一把伞。
(表示说话者
对这一
动作或行为厌烦)
(
3
)强调已经终止的习惯时要用
used to
do
(过去常常做,而现在不那样做了)
eg: I used to take a walk in the mornin
g.
我过去是在早晨散步。
(意味着现在不在早晨散步了)
p>
(
4
)在谈到已
死去的人的情况时,多用过去时。
eg: Lei Feng
was a good soldier.
eg: Jane was a good
teacher.
(
Jane
已经死
了。
)
eg: Jane is a
good teacher.
(
Jane
还没有死。
)
6
、过去进行时:主语
+ was
(
were
)
+
动词现在分词
(
1
)过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一
段时间内进行或发生的动作。常需用表示过去
的时间状语或通过上下文来判断时间。
p>
常与表示过去的时间状语连用,如
last
night,
last
Saturday
等;或者与
when, while,
as
引导的过去时间状语连用。
eg: He was reading newspaper when the
telephone rang.
在电话响的时候,他正在读报纸。
eg: He was doing his homework from 7 to
9 last night.
昨天晚上
7
点到
9
点他正在做作业。
(
2
p>
)
when
和
wh
ile
的用法区别:
when
p>
既可以表示一定特定时间点,
也可以表示一段时间,
其所引导的从句使用一般过去时,
而
while
只能表示持续的一段时间,其所引导的从句使用过去进行时。因此
wh
en
引导的时
间状语从句中的动词可以是终止性动词,也可以是
延续性动词,而
while
从句中的动词必须
< br>是延续性动词。
eg: I fell and
hurt myself while I was playing tennis.
eg: When he finished his homework, he
went to play basketball with his brother. .
eg: One of the guards was sleeping when
the general came in, which made him very angry.
7
、过去完成时:主语
+ had +
动词过去分词
p>
(
1
)
表示在过去
某一时间或动作之前已经完成了的动作
(即过去的过去)
。
p>
这个过去的某一
时间可用
by
,
before
等介词或
连词引导的短语或一个从句来表示。
eg: When I
went to visit Mrs. Smith last
week
,
I was told she had left
two days before.
eg: About the sixth
century A.D. when few Europeans could
read
,
the Chinese had
invented paper.
(
2
)表示由过去的某一时间开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态,常和
for,
since
构成的时间状语连用。
eg: The chemistry class had begun for
live minutes when we hurried there.
eg:
I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a
bus finally came.
当车来的时候,我在车站
已经等了
20
分钟。
eg: He said he had worked in that
factory since 1949.
他说自从
1949
年以来他就在那家工厂工
作。
8
、过去完成进行时:主语
+ had been +
动词现在分词
(
1
)表示过去某一时间之前一直进行的动作。
过去完成进行时表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始,
一直延续到另一个过去
时间。
和过去完
成时一样,过去完成进行时也必须以一过去时间
为前提。
eg: I had been looking
for it for days before I found it.
这东西我找了好多天才找着的。
eg: They had only been waiting for the
bus a few moments when it
came
他们只等了一会儿车就
来了。
(
2
)表示反复的一个动作
eg: He had been asking me the
same question
.他一直问我同样的一个问题。
eg: He had been mentioning your name to
me.
他过去多次向我提到过你的名字。
9
、一般将来时:下详
和一般将来时连用的时间状语:
1
)
tomorrow, the
day after tomorrow, tomorrow
morning/afternoon/evening
2
)
next
year/week/month/hour/day/century
3
)
in+
一段时间
4) in the future
5) this
afternoon/Sunday/evening
6) from now on
7) one day, someday
(未来的)某天
8) soon <
/p>
(
1
)
will
(
shall
)
+
动词原形:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
eg: He will
come and help you.
他回来帮助你的。
eg: Tomorrow will be Sunday.
明天就是星期天。
eg: The
rain will stop soon.
雨很快就要停了。
eg:
Shall we go there at five?
我们五点钟去那儿,好吗?
eg:
Will you please open the door?
请你把门打开,好吗?
(
2
)
be
going to +
动词原形:用来表示事先考虑过的将要发生的动作以及已有迹象
表明必
将要发生的某事,意为
“
打算;
就要
”
。
eg: Are you going to attend the
lecture
?
你打算去听这个讲座吗?
eg:
We're going to meet outside the school gate.
我们打算在校门口见面。
eg:
Look! It's going to rain.
瞧!快下雨了。
(
3
)
be
to +
动词原形:表示必须或安排、计划好了的动作。
eg: The Five-Ring Road is to be open to
traffic before National Day.
五环路将在国庆节前通车。
eg:
He is to visit Japan next
year.
明年他将访问日本。
(
4
)
be
about to +
动词原形:表示即将发生的动作。
eg: The lecture is about to begin.
讲座即将开始。
eg:
They're about to leave. (=They're leaving.)
他们就要走了。
(
5
)
be
+
动词现在分词:某些表示开始、终结、往来行动的动词,如:
go
,
come
,
< br>start
,
arrive
,<
/p>
leave
等,用现在进行时可表示将来。
eg: We are leaving for Beijing
tomorrow.
我们明天动身去北京
eg: The foreign guests are arriving in
Shanghai tonight.
10
、将来进行时:主语
+ shall
(
will
)
be +
动词现在分词
(
1
)表示将来某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作,或者按计划在将来将要进行的动
作。
eg: When he comes to my
house tomorrow, I will be writing the report.
eg: I think that she will be working on
this experiment until next morning.
eg:
After you take the medicine, you will be feeling
much better.
eg: My duties will be
ending in July , and I'll be returning to
ShangHai.
(
2
)与现在进
行时态的区别
现在进行时表示一种经过考虑的
,
将来要进行的动作,而将来进行时通常表示正常过程中会
发生的动作,因此
将来进行时不如现在进行时那样肯定,比现在进行时偶然性要大一
些
:
eg: I am seeing Tom tomorrow.
明天我要和汤姆见面。
eg:
I'll be seeing Tom tomorrow.
明天我会见到汤姆。
(
3
)与一般将来时态的区别
一般将来进时通常表示的是对将来事实的简单陈述
.
而
will+v.
(
一般将来时
)
除表示时间概念
外,还带有感情色彩。将来进行时
则表示在将来特定的某个时间发生的事情:
eg: Tom
will be cutting grass tomorrow.
汤姆明天将正在割草。
eg: Tom will cut the grass tomorrow.
汤姆明天愿意割草。
11
、将来完成时:主语
+ shall
(
will
)
have +
动词过去分词
表示在将来某一时刻以前已经完成的动作。
eg: By next year he will
have worked in New York for live years.
到明年为止,他在纽约已经工作了
5
年了。
eg: By next
Friday
,
he will have studied
here for three years.
到下周五,他在这里学习就要满
3
年了。
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