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考研英语阅读理解试题及名师解析
(4)
Aimlessness
hashardly
been
typical
of
the
postwar
Japan
whose
productivity
and
social
harmonyare
the
envy
of
the
United
States
and
Europe.
But
increasingly
the
Japanese
areseeing
a
decline
of
the
traditional
work-moral
values.
Ten
years
ago
youngpeople
were
hard-working
and
saw
their
jobs
as
their
primary
reason
for
being,but
now
Japan
has
largely
fulfilled
its
economic
needs,
and
young
people
don’tknow where they should go
next
。
The
coming
of
age
of
the
postwar
baby
boom
and
an
entry
of
womeninto the male-dominated job market
have limited the opportunities
of
teen-agerswho
are
already
questioning
the
heavy
personal
sacrifices
involved in climbingJapan’s rigid
social ladder to good schools and jobs.
In a recent survey, itwas found that
only 24.5 percent of Japanese students
were
fully
satisfied
withschool
life,
compared
with
67.2
percent
of
students
in
the
United
States.
Inaddition,
far
more
Japanese
workers
expressed
dissatisfaction with their jobsthan did their
counterparts in the
10 other countries
surveyed
。
While
often
praised
by
foreigners
for
its
emphasis
on
the
basics,Japanese
education
tends
to
stress
test
taking
and
mechanical
learning
overcreativity
and
self-
expression
。
“Those
things
that
do
not
show up in the test
scores
—
personality,ability,
courage or humanity―are
completely
ignored,”
says
Toshiki
Kaifu,chairman
of
the
ruling
Liberal
Democratic Party’s
education committee
。
“Frustra
tionagainst this kind of
thing leads
kids to drop out and run
wild
。
” Last yearJapan
experienced
2,125
incidents
of
school
violence,
including
929
assaults
onteachers.
Amid
the
outcry,
many
conservative
leaders
are
seeking
a
return
tothe
prewar
emphasis
on
moral
education.
Last
year
Mitsuo
Setoyama,
who
was
theneducation minister, raised eyebrows when he
argued that liberal
reformsintroduced
by
the
American
occupation
authorities
after
World
War
Ⅱ
hadweakened
the “Japanese morality of respect for
parents
。
”
But
that may have more to do with Japanese
life-
styles. “ In Japan,”
sayseducator Yoko Muro,“it’s never a
questio
n of whether you enjoy your
job and your life,but only how much you
can endure
。
” With economic
growth
has
come
centralization;
fully
76
percent
ofJapan’s
119
million
citizens live in
cities where community and the extendedfamily have
been
abandoned
in
favor
of
isolated,
two
generation
Japanese
have
long
endured
lengthy
commutes
(travels
to
and
from
work)and
crowded
living
conditions,
but
as
the
old
group
and
family
values weaken,the discomfort is
beginning to tell. In the past decade, the
Japanese divorcerate, while still well
below that of the United States, has
increased by morethan 50 percent, and
suicides have increased by nearly
one-
quarter
。
23. In the
Westerners
’
eyes,
the postwar Japan was_____
。
[A]under aimless development
[B]a positive example
[C]a rival to
the West
[D]on the decline
24. According
to the author, what may chiefly be responsible
forthe
moral decline of Japanese
society?
[A]Women’s participation in social
activities is limited
。
[B]More workers are dissatisfied with
their jobs
。
[C]Excessive
emphasis has been placed on the
basics
。
[D]The life-
style has been influenced by Western
values
。
25. Which of
the following is true according to the author?
[A]Japanese
education
is
praised
for
helping
the
young
climb
thesocial ladder
[B]Japanese education is characterized
by mechanical learning aswell
as
creativity
。
[C]More stress
should be placed on the cultivation of
creativity
。
[D]Dropping out
leads to frustration against test
taking
。
26. The change
in Japanese life-style is revealed in the
factthat____
。
[A]the young
are less tolerant of discomforts in
life
。
[B]the divorce
rate in Japan exceeds that in the
U.S
。
[C]the Japanese endure more
than ever before
[D]the Japanese appreciate
their present life
名师解析
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