-
词语的翻译
一、认真辨析词义
多义词
歧异词
同义词
反义词
多义词
1.
我们找个安静点的地方好好聊聊。
Let’s find a quiet place where we can
have a good talk.
Let’s find somewhere quiet so we can
have a good talk.
2.
箱子里已经没有地方了。
There is no more space in the chest.
There is no
room left in the chest.
3.
你希望留在部队还是到地方上去?
Do
you wish to stay in the army or to transfer to a
civilian unit?
Would you like
to stay in the army or leave
for a non-military unit?
4.
我国的一项基本国策是发展乡镇企业。
It’s part and parcel of our national
policy
to develop enterprises in
villages and towns.
It
is
an
integral
part
of
our
national
policy
to
promote
the
growth
of
township
and
village
enterprises.
5.
我们要根据形势的发展来调整政策。
We must make
adjustment in our policy in response to changes in
the situation.
We have to
adjust our policy to the changing situation.
6.
请大家积极参与单位的体制改革。
Everyone is
called on to take an active part in the systematic
reform of one’s work unit.
You
are all encouraged to play an active role in the
systematic reform of our unit.
7.
他总是以积极态度处理各种问题。
He
takes a positive attitude in dealing with all
kinds of problems.
He approaches
various problems with a positive frame of mind.
8.
请别客气
.
Please don’t stand on ceremony.
Please don’t be so polite.
Please make yourself at
home.
Please don’t
bother.
Please, we
don’t want to put you to trouble.
9.
他客气而冷淡地接待了我们
.
He received us politely but coolly.
He received us with
civility but no warmth.
He
received us with cool politeness.
He received us with polite
indifference.
10.
对他这种人就是不能客气
.
1
You cannot
afford to go soft on a
man
like him.
You must not be
too soft when dealing with someone like him.
You must be tough with
people like him.
Don’t give in easily when
dealing with someone like him.
11.
他说自己才疏学浅
,
这
只不过是中国人的客气罢了
.
He
says that he is a man of little learning and
talent. That is merely self-depreciation,
considered
as politeness by the
Chinese.
When
he
says
he
has
little
learning
or
talent,
he
is
only
being
modest
in
accordance
with
the
Chinese
rules of politeness.
By
describing himself
as lacking in talent
and learning, eh is only being
modest
like a typical
Chinese.
He
describes himself as incompetent and unlearned.
That is merely typical Chinese modesty.
同义词的区分
General/Specific
Degree (Deep/Shallow)
Coverage (wide/narrow)
Abstract/Concrete
同义词
农业是国民经济的基础
.
(广义)
这些年
来
,
我国的农业林业畜牧业和渔业都得到了相应的发展
.
(侠义)
我们要破
除迷信
,
解放思想
.
当前我们应努力克服个人主义和享乐主义各种错误思想
.
他那八十高龄的母亲已于上月去世
.
(褒义)
臭名昭著的麦卡锡终于一命
呜呼哀哉
!
(贬义)
二、认真选词用词
1.
词汇的感情色彩
注意词义的广狭
注意词义的轻重
注意词义的褒贬
注意词义的强弱
2.
词汇的文体色彩
intimate
—
casual
—
consultative
—
formal
—
Frozen
3.
词语的搭配
美丽
美丽
、好看、漂亮、中看、受看、入眼、顺眼、英俊、俊俏、俊美、绝色、冰肌玉骨、面如冠
玉、花容月貌、国色天香、秀色可餐、倾国倾城等。
死亡
2
亡、卒、陨、崩、亡故、过世、仙逝、归西、牺牲、献身、
永别、没了、完蛋、毙命、送命、
暴卒、阵亡、夭折、早逝、升天、坐化、羽化、圆寂、
回老家、玩儿完、粉身碎骨、溘然长逝、
寿终正寝、呜呼哀哉、驾鹤西游、百年之后、三
长两短、以身许国、马革裹尸、玉殒香
三、习语汉译英
习语的范围
成语
:
“
人们长期以来习用的、形式简洁而意思精辟的、定性的词组或短句。汉语成语大多由四<
/p>
个字组成。
”<
现汉
>
(陈文伯)
set
phrases; idioms
2.
惯用语:
idioms
3.
俗语
: “
通俗流行之语
”
或
“
约定俗成广泛通行之
语
” sayings
4.
谚语
: “
在群众中间流传的固定语句
,
用简单通俗的话反映出深刻的道理。
” <
现汉
> proverbs
歇
后语:
由前后两部分构成,
前一部分多为比喻,
后一部分说明喻义。
two-part allegorical
sayings
格言警句
: maxim
习语的特点
习语集中反映一个民族或文化的特色
习语是各种修辞手段的集中表现
习语是语言中独立的、不规则的、固定的成分。
第一、二两点对译者的要求是什么?
第三点对译者的要求是什么?
第一、二两点要求译者尽量保持原文的民族形式和风格,因此
直译(不是死译和硬译)往往是
必要的。
第三点要求译者不要把习语当作普通语句来处理,须避免字字对译。
习语翻译的指导思想
“
直译基础上的意译
”
陆殿扬:
“Translate literally, if
possible, or, appeal to free translation.”
(
如果可能,就直译;否则就
意译)
奈达:
功能对等
(
Functional Equivalence: not only the equivalent content of message, but, in so far as
possible, an equivalence of the form);
改变形式的五个条件
直译会导致意义上的错误时;
引入外来语形成语义空白(
Semantic Zero
)
,读者有可能自己填入错误的意义时;
形式对等引起严重的意义晦涩时;
形式对等引起作者原意所没有的歧义时;
形式对等违反译入语的语法或文体规范时。
习语汉译英的原则
形象性原则
简练性原则
不可滥用字面意义直译法
尽量少用意译法和直译加注法
3