高中语法过去完成时详解

张飞船发来的图片。

< br>（

2

）

表示由过去的某一时刻开 始，

一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，

常和

for,

since

构成的时间状语连用

。

例；

I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.

我在车站已

经等了

20

分钟

,

一辆公共汽车终于 来了。

He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.

他说他自从

1949

年以来他就在那家

工厂工作。

（

3

）叙述过去发生的事情，在已 叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补充以前发生的

动作时，常使用过去完成时。< /p>

例；

Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine.

史密斯先生昨天就去世了。他以前是我的好朋友。

I didn

’

t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson.

我对动词一无所知，因为我没有好好学习功课。

（

4

）在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述的 是过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完

成时

。

< br>

例；

I returned the book that I had borrowed.

我已归还了我借的书。

She found the key that she had lost.

她发现她失去了的钥匙。

（

5

）过去完成时常常用在

told, said,knew,heard,thought

等动词后的宾语从句（或间接

引语）中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。

例；

He said that he had known her well.

他说他早就很了解她了。

I thought I had sent the letter a week before.

我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。

（

6

）

状语从句：

在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，

“发生在过去的过去”

，

用过去完成时；

发生在后，用一般过去时

。

如

when,before,after,as soon as,till/until

引导的

e.g

：

When I woke up, it had already stopped raining.

我醒来时雨已停了。

She didn

’

t go to bed until she had finished her work.

她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。

注意：如果两个动作紧接着发生，则常常不用过去完成时，特 别是在包含

before

和

after

的复合句中，

因为

这

时从句的动作和主句的动作发生的 先后顺序已经非常明确，

这时可以

用一般过去时代替过去完成时 。

e.g

：

After he arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English.

马克思到达英格兰之后，努力提高他的英语水平。

7

）

动词

think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend

< br>等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现

的想法，希望，打算或意图等

。

e.g

：

They had wanted to help but could not get there in time.

他们本来打算去帮忙，但没有及时赶到那里。

We had hoped to be able to come and see you .

我们本来希望能来看看你。

（

8

）过去完成时还可用在

har dly when no sooner than It was the first

time

?等固定句型中。

e.g

：

Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.

他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。

No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.

他刚到就又走了。

It was the third time that he had been out of work that year.

这是他那一年第三次失业了。

时间状语

before,when,after,by+,until, once,had no sooner

??

than

，< /p>

yet

，

already

等。

例句

Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine.

史密斯先生昨天去世了。

< br>他是我的好朋友

I didn

’

t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson.

我对动词

一无所知

,

因为我没 有好好学习功课。

[1]

He said that he had known her well.

他说

,

他很了解她。

I thought I had sent the letter a week before

我以为前一周我寄了那封信的。

After he arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English.

马克思到 英

国后

,

他努力提高他的英语水平。< /p>

When I woke up, it had already stopped raining.

当我醒来时

,

雨已经停了。

We had hoped to be able to come and see you

我们希望能被允许来看你。

It was the third time that he had been out of work that year

这是他那一年第三次

失业。

I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night

到昨晚

9< /p>

点钟，我已经

读完这本小说。

4

语法区别编辑

与现在完成时的区别

现在完成时表示 的动作发生在过去，

以

now

的时间为 基点，

但侧重对

now

产生的结果或造 成

的影响；

过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，

< br>以过去时间为基点，

它所表示的动作不仅发生在

过去，更 强调“过去的过去”

，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。

< br>

比较：

I have learned 1000 English words so far.

到目前为止我已经学会了

1000

个英

语单词。

I had learned 1000 English words till then.

到那时为止我已经学会了

1000

个英语单

词。

—

I'm sorry to keep you waiting.

对不起，让你久等了。

—

Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes.

没什么，我只等了几分钟。

与一般过去时的区别

1.