写作教程(一)unit1标准答案

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Unit 1

PART

Ⅱ

FOCUS

Denotation and Connotation

Suggested answer to the question

If

it

is

your

teacher,

most

probably

you

will

choose

b,

as

the

word

portly

has

an

implication

of

a

more

or

less

dignified

and

imposing

appearance(e.g.

an

elderly

gentleman, large and portly). However, if it is a doorkeeper, an amiable middle-aged

woman, you may choose the word plump as it implies a pleasing fullness of figure

(e.g.

the

plump

goddesses

of

Renaissance

paintings).

From

this

exercise

we

can

conclude

that

words

that

share

the

same

denotative

meanings

can

be

diverse

in

their connotative meanings.

Reference for the Classroom Activities

1.

father: the male parent. It connotes support and sternness; it also connotes

protection but in a serious fashion.

wildflower: uncultivated plant; it connotes vitality and pleasantness.

2.

Word

Denotation

Connotation

Sentence

gold

a precious yellow metal

wealth,

value,

Silence is gold.

preciousness, etc

moon

the natural

body

that

tranquility,

purity,

There

’

s

no

point

moves around the

earth

something

out of

hoping for peace in the

country. It

’

s like asking

once every 28 days

reach, etc.

for the moon.

ice

water frozen so that it has

coldness,

The ice in his voice

become solid

indifference,

cruelty,

was only to hide the

death, etc.

pain.

blood

red liquid flowing through

family background,

Blood is

thicker

than

the bodies of

humans and

descent,

race,

water.

animals

temperament, etc.

2.

a. In the West, every male person has the good qualities of males, such as bravery,

spirit, and toughness.

b. Anyway, she has the characteristics of a woman, such as frailty and delicacy.

Attitude

Reference for the Classroom Activities

Favorable

Neutral

Unfavorable

unique, quaint

strange

bizarre, abnormal

resolute, steadfast

stubborn, dogged

pigheaded

lick one

’

s boots

compliment (v.)

praise, commend, flatter

senior citizen

old person

fossil

bachelor girl

single woman

spinster

2. a. unique b. pigheaded

c. flattered d. fossil

e. spinster

Collocation

Suggested answers to the exercise

a.

do somebody a favor

b.

do somebody good

c.

make a gesture

d.

do evil

e.

do harm

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1.

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f.

make an effort

Reference for the Classroom Activities

1.

1) D 2) D 3) A 4) B 5) C 6) C 7) B

False Friends

Suggested answers to the question

The misunderstanding occurs due to the use of homonyms or false friends

—

flour or

flower, ground (as the past participle of the verbgrind) and ground (meaning the solid

surface of the earth). In this excerpt, the use of false friends adds a humorous effect

to the text.

Reference for the Classroom Activities

1.

The false friends are lie meaning to keep one

’

sbody in a flat position, and

lie meaning to say something dishonest.

2.

a. Your fever rose yesterday.

b.

That racket is bad enough to make Aunt Ella

’

s eyebrowsraised.

c.

Jack has beenlying around all day.

d.

The soldiers laid aside their weapons.

e.

A heavy foglay over the land.

f.

White stationery is always appropriate.

g.

Is that tablestationary, or can it be moved to another corner of the room?

h.

It is easier to talk about aprinciple than to live by it.

i.

Our principal played on the faculty football team against the school all-

stars.

3.

Some other false friends:

fair vs. fare

It

’

snot fair to put all the blame on him.

Bus fares are going up again.

passedvs. past

I passed the landlady on the stairs this morning.

Several boys went past us on mountain bikes.

intense vs. intensive

She suddenly felt an intense pain in her stomach.

He took an intensive course on English.

farther vs. further

The fog

’

s so thick; I can

’

tsee farther than about five meters.

Every day she thinks further and further into depression.

PART III GARMMAR

Subject-Verb Agreement

When the subject is compound

Reference for the Classroom Activities

Summary

1.

A compound subject with and takes a plural verb in most cases, but when it

expresses a singular meaning or when each of the singular subjects is

considered individually, it takes a singular verb.

2.

After a compound subject with or, nor, either

?

or, neither

?

nor, not

?

but, the

verb agrees in number and person with the nearer part of the subject.

3.

Intervening phrases or clauses not introduced by coordinating conjunctions do not

affect the number of a verb. Such phrases are normally introduced by

prepositions or prepositions or prepositional phrases such as as well as, as much

as, rather than, along with, in addition to, together with, with, plus, and including .

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