-
This is the VOA Special English Health
Report.
这里是美国之音慢速英语健康报道。
Wisdom teeth are normally the last
teeth to appear. This usually happens when people
are in their
late teen years or early
twenties -- in other words, when they are older
and wiser.
智齿一般是口腔中长出的最后一颗牙
齿。
通常在人越来越年长,
越来越聪明的时候出现。
也
就是,大约在二十岁左右出现。
Wisdom teeth are molars, or
chewing teeth, at the back of the mouth. The third
set of molars, if
you have them, are
your wisdom teeth.
智齿是臼齿,或称
咀嚼齿,位于口腔最里面。如果你长了第三大臼齿,它们就是智齿。
They can grow into place
normally and never cause a problem. But often
there is not enough room
for
them
in
the
mouth.
They
might
crowd
other
teeth.
Sometimes
they
even
push
sideways
through the gums.
他们一般长在比较正常的位置,
通常
不会造成什么问题。
但是通常,
口腔里没有足够的空间
能够容得下臼齿。它们可能会挤压其他牙齿,有时甚至会冲破牙龈。
An impacted wisdom tooth is
one that fails to completely rise through the gums
-- the term is erupt.
Wisdom
teeth
that
only
partially
erupt
can
leave
space
for
bacteria
to
enter
around
the
tooth.
Infection is a risk
in these cases.
阻生智齿是指未能完全从
牙龈中长出的智齿,
术语称之为冒出。
只部分冒出的智齿会在牙
齿
周围留下细菌进入的空间,这种情况下就有感染的风险。
Wisdom teeth that are not
well aligned and become impacted are often
removed.
排列不齐和阻生的智齿通常要拔掉。
People should have the placement of
their wisdom teeth examined between the ages of
sixteen and
twenty. X-rays can show
wisdom teeth that are below the gums.
人们应该在
16
到
20
岁期间检查确认智齿的位置。
X
光线可以显示出牙龈里的智齿。
The
American
Dental
Association
says
removal
is
generally
advised
when
wisdom
teeth
only
partly break through
the gums. Removal is also advised if there is a
chance that poorly aligned
wisdom
teeth
will
damage
other
teeth.
And
removal
is
called
for
in
cases
where
fluid
collects
around a wisdom
tooth that is partly or fully below the gum.
美国牙科协会表示,
当智齿只从牙龈
中冒出一部分时,
通常的建议是拔掉。
如果排列不齐的
智齿有可能损害其它牙齿时,
一般也会建议拔掉。
当部分露出牙龈或完全未露出牙龈的智齿
导致积液时,这种情况也要求拔掉。
But why do we have
wisdom teeth if we often need to get them removed?
One theory has to do
with our diets.
Scientists say the diet of prehistoric humans
probably required more chewing teeth.
Life was probably a little rougher on
the teeth back then, too. So it was good to have
extras.
但是,
既然通常情
况下都要将智齿拔掉,
那么为什么还会长智齿呢?其中一个理论表示跟我
们的饮食有关。
科学家表示,
史前人类的饮食习惯要求
有更多的磨牙。
那时候的生活可能也
更艰难一些,所以,有更多
的磨牙还是比较有利的。
The
removal of wisdom teeth is performed by oral
surgeons. They say if removal is advised, the
best time to do it is before the teeth
cause any problems or pain.
拔除智齿的一般都是口腔外科医生。
他们表示,
如果需要拔除
智齿,
最好的时机是在智齿产
生任何问题或疼痛以前。
The
American
Association
of
Oral
and
Maxillofacial
Surgeons
says
young
adults
are
the
best
candidates
for
wisdom
teeth
removal.
The
group
says
older
patients
may
be
at
greater
risk
for
disease in the tissue
surrounding the molars.
美国口
腔颌面外科医生协会表示,
拔掉智齿的最佳时期是青壮年。
该协
会表示,
老年患者臼
齿周围组织病变的风险非常大。
Patients can have
general anesthesia during the operation. Or they
might choose to have a local
painkiller
and remain awake. It may depend on the condition
of the wisdom teeth and the number
to
be removed.
在手术过程中病人可以采取整体麻
醉。
或者他们可以选择止痛药,
可以保持清醒。
这取决于
智齿的状况和需要拔除的数量。
After surgery, there can be
swelling of the gums and face and some pain. Both
can be treated with
cold wraps and
medication.
手术过后,牙龈和面部可能会有些
浮肿,也会有点疼痛,这都可以用冰袋或者药物治疗。
This is the VOA Special
English Education Report.
这里是美国之音慢速英语教育报道。
Steven
Weinberger
is
the
director
of
linguistics
in
the
English
Department
at
George
Mason
University
in
Fairfax,
Virginia.
Professor
Weinberger
says
students
in
his
beginning
phonetics
class are mostly
interested in teaching English as a second
language. They wanted to study how
non-
native speakers pronounce different sounds.
史蒂文·温伯格(
Steven W
einberger
)是乔治梅森大学英语系语言学主任,该校位于弗吉尼
亚州费尔法克斯县。
温伯格教授表示,
语言学入门班
级中的的学生大多数有意教授非英语母
语人士,所以他们想要研究非母语人士如何发音。
STEVEN
WEINBERGER:
we
sent
the
students
out
to
record
non-native
speakers,
and
we
compared
those speakers to each other and to native
speakers of English.
温伯格:
“于是我们派学生给非母语人士录音并相互比较,同时还和英语母语人士比较。
”
Professor
Weinberger
wrote
a
paragraph
for
all
of
the
speakers
to
read.
The
paragraph
uses
common words but
contains almost all of the sounds used in English.
Here is that sixty-nine-word
paragraph
read by our own Bob Doughty:
温伯格教授写了一段短文让所有人朗读。
这段短文使用一些常用词,
但却包含了英语使用的
几乎所有的发音。以下是由我同事
Bob Doughty
朗读的这段
69
个单词的短文:
BOB
DOUGHTY:
spoons of fresh snow peas,
five thick slabs of blue cheese, and maybe a snack
for her brother Bob.
We also need a
small plastic snake and a big toy frog for the
can scoop these things into
three red
bags, and we will go meet her Wednesday at the
train station.
Bob Doughty
p>
:
“请致电斯特拉,让她从商店购买这些东西:六匙新鲜荷兰豆,五
大块蓝纹奶
酪,
有可能再给她弟弟鲍勃买点小吃。
我们还需要给小孩们买一条塑料小蛇和一个玩具大青
蛙。她可以把这些东西装
进
3
个红色袋子里,我们周三将去火车站接她。
”
In
nineteen
ninety-nine,
Professor
Weinberger
put
the
recordings
online.
The
Speech
Accent
Archive
is
for
anyone
who
wants
to
compare
and
analyze
the
accents
of
different
English
speakers.
1999
p>
年,温伯格教授把这些录音放到了网上。这份语言口音档案提供给任何想对不同英语
朗读者的口音做比较和分析的人士使用。
For example, here is a thirty-two-year-
old Iraqi man:
例如,这是一位
30
岁伊拉克男子:
IRAQI MAN:
伊拉克男子
:
“请致电斯特拉,让她从商店购买这些东西。
”
And here is a twenty-
three-year-old woman from Eritrea: