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2021-02-13 06:06
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2021年2月13日发(作者:水蚤)


This is the VOA Special English Health Report.



这里是美国之音慢速英语健康报道。




Wisdom teeth are normally the last teeth to appear. This usually happens when people are in their


late teen years or early twenties -- in other words, when they are older and wiser.



智齿一般是口腔中长出的最后一颗牙 齿。


通常在人越来越年长,


越来越聪明的时候出现。

< p>


就是,大约在二十岁左右出现。




Wisdom teeth are molars, or chewing teeth, at the back of the mouth. The third set of molars, if


you have them, are your wisdom teeth.



智齿是臼齿,或称 咀嚼齿,位于口腔最里面。如果你长了第三大臼齿,它们就是智齿。




They can grow into place normally and never cause a problem. But often there is not enough room


for


them


in


the


mouth.


They


might


crowd


other


teeth.


Sometimes


they


even


push


sideways


through the gums.



他们一般长在比较正常的位置,


通常 不会造成什么问题。


但是通常,


口腔里没有足够的空间


能够容得下臼齿。它们可能会挤压其他牙齿,有时甚至会冲破牙龈。




An impacted wisdom tooth is one that fails to completely rise through the gums -- the term is erupt.


Wisdom


teeth


that


only


partially


erupt


can


leave


space


for


bacteria


to


enter


around


the


tooth.


Infection is a risk in these cases.



阻生智齿是指未能完全从 牙龈中长出的智齿,


术语称之为冒出。


只部分冒出的智齿会在牙 齿


周围留下细菌进入的空间,这种情况下就有感染的风险。




Wisdom teeth that are not well aligned and become impacted are often removed.



排列不齐和阻生的智齿通常要拔掉。




People should have the placement of their wisdom teeth examined between the ages of sixteen and


twenty. X-rays can show wisdom teeth that are below the gums.



人们应该在


16


20


岁期间检查确认智齿的位置。


X


光线可以显示出牙龈里的智齿。




The


American


Dental


Association


says


removal


is


generally


advised


when


wisdom


teeth


only


partly break through the gums. Removal is also advised if there is a chance that poorly aligned


wisdom


teeth


will


damage


other


teeth.


And


removal


is


called


for


in


cases


where


fluid


collects


around a wisdom tooth that is partly or fully below the gum.



美国牙科协会表示,


当智齿只从牙龈 中冒出一部分时,


通常的建议是拔掉。


如果排列不齐的


智齿有可能损害其它牙齿时,


一般也会建议拔掉。


当部分露出牙龈或完全未露出牙龈的智齿


导致积液时,这种情况也要求拔掉。




But why do we have wisdom teeth if we often need to get them removed? One theory has to do


with our diets. Scientists say the diet of prehistoric humans probably required more chewing teeth.


Life was probably a little rougher on the teeth back then, too. So it was good to have extras.



但是,


既然通常情 况下都要将智齿拔掉,


那么为什么还会长智齿呢?其中一个理论表示跟我


们的饮食有关。


科学家表示,


史前人类的饮食习惯要求 有更多的磨牙。


那时候的生活可能也


更艰难一些,所以,有更多 的磨牙还是比较有利的。




The removal of wisdom teeth is performed by oral surgeons. They say if removal is advised, the


best time to do it is before the teeth cause any problems or pain.



拔除智齿的一般都是口腔外科医生。


他们表示,


如果需要拔除 智齿,


最好的时机是在智齿产


生任何问题或疼痛以前。




The


American


Association


of


Oral


and


Maxillofacial


Surgeons


says


young


adults


are


the


best


candidates


for


wisdom


teeth


removal.


The


group


says


older


patients


may


be


at


greater


risk


for


disease in the tissue surrounding the molars.



美国口 腔颌面外科医生协会表示,


拔掉智齿的最佳时期是青壮年。


该协 会表示,


老年患者臼


齿周围组织病变的风险非常大。

< p>



Patients can have general anesthesia during the operation. Or they might choose to have a local


painkiller and remain awake. It may depend on the condition of the wisdom teeth and the number


to be removed.



在手术过程中病人可以采取整体麻 醉。


或者他们可以选择止痛药,


可以保持清醒。


这取决于


智齿的状况和需要拔除的数量。




After surgery, there can be swelling of the gums and face and some pain. Both can be treated with


cold wraps and medication.



手术过后,牙龈和面部可能会有些 浮肿,也会有点疼痛,这都可以用冰袋或者药物治疗。





This is the VOA Special English Education Report.



这里是美国之音慢速英语教育报道。




Steven


Weinberger


is


the


director


of


linguistics


in


the


English


Department


at


George


Mason


University


in


Fairfax,


Virginia.


Professor


Weinberger


says


students


in


his


beginning


phonetics


class are mostly interested in teaching English as a second language. They wanted to study how


non- native speakers pronounce different sounds.



史蒂文·温伯格(


Steven W einberger


)是乔治梅森大学英语系语言学主任,该校位于弗吉尼


亚州费尔法克斯县。


温伯格教授表示,


语言学入门班 级中的的学生大多数有意教授非英语母


语人士,所以他们想要研究非母语人士如何发音。




STEVEN


WEINBERGER:



we


sent


the


students


out


to


record


non-native


speakers,


and


we


compared those speakers to each other and to native speakers of English.



温伯格:


“于是我们派学生给非母语人士录音并相互比较,同时还和英语母语人士比较。





Professor


Weinberger


wrote


a


paragraph


for


all


of


the


speakers


to


read.


The


paragraph


uses


common words but contains almost all of the sounds used in English. Here is that sixty-nine-word


paragraph read by our own Bob Doughty:


温伯格教授写了一段短文让所有人朗读。


这段短文使用一些常用词,


但却包含了英语使用的


几乎所有的发音。以下是由我同事


Bob Doughty


朗读的这段


69

个单词的短文:




BOB DOUGHTY:


spoons of fresh snow peas, five thick slabs of blue cheese, and maybe a snack for her brother Bob.


We also need a small plastic snake and a big toy frog for the can scoop these things into


three red bags, and we will go meet her Wednesday at the train station.



Bob Doughty



“请致电斯特拉,让她从商店购买这些东西:六匙新鲜荷兰豆,五 大块蓝纹奶


酪,


有可能再给她弟弟鲍勃买点小吃。


我们还需要给小孩们买一条塑料小蛇和一个玩具大青


蛙。她可以把这些东西装 进


3


个红色袋子里,我们周三将去火车站接她。





In


nineteen


ninety-nine,


Professor


Weinberger


put


the


recordings


online.


The


Speech


Accent


Archive


is


for


anyone


who


wants


to


compare


and


analyze


the


accents


of


different


English


speakers.



1999


年,温伯格教授把这些录音放到了网上。这份语言口音档案提供给任何想对不同英语


朗读者的口音做比较和分析的人士使用。




For example, here is a thirty-two-year- old Iraqi man:



例如,这是一位

< p>
30


岁伊拉克男子:




IRAQI MAN:



伊拉克男子 :


“请致电斯特拉,让她从商店购买这些东西。





And here is a twenty- three-year-old woman from Eritrea:


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