南京导游词英文版

导游考试英文导游词

Good morning! My name is Zhang Yuan.

Can I begin?

Attention please.

Ladies and gentleman,

welcome to beautiful city, Nanjing. I am the guide Zhang. Today, we are

going to visit *****. On the way to ****, let me introduce our beautiful city, Nanjing.

Nanjing

is

the

capital

city

of

Jiangsu

Province

and

the

provincial

political,

economic

and

cultural

center;

she

is

located in the lower reaches of Yangtze River, southwest of the province. The population of its urban area is about 3

million.

Nanjing is one of the historical and cultural cities rectified by the state.

She bears the reputation of the capital of Wu,

Easter

Jin,

Song,

Qi,

Liang,

Chen,

Southern

Tang,

Ming,

Taiping

Kingdom

and

Republic

of

China

subsequently.

Nanjing is a place of celebrities and humanities, with a splendid cultural heritage. The attraction of

Nanjing consists in the combination of rich natural and cultural heritages. With many a relics of the

Republic of

China era in particular, Nanjing is recognized as the museum of modern Chinese history.

DR. SUN YATSEN’S MAUSOLEUM

Among

all

the

historical

and

cultural

attractions

in

Nanjing,

the

most

favored

highlight

is

Dr.

Sun

Yaten?s

Mausoleum.

Dr. Sun Yatsen?s Mausoleum sits on the southern slope of the purple Mountain in

the eastern suburb

of the city. The construction began on March 12, 1926 and was completed in 1929 when the remains of Dr. Sun

Yatsen was transported from Beijing and buried at the present site on June, 1.

Dr. Sun Yatsen, also named Sun Wen or Sun Zhongshan, is considered as the forerunner of the Chinese democratic

revolution.

Dr.

Sun

Yatsen

is

a

great

man

because

he

devoted

40

yeas

of

his

life

to

pursuing

his

dream

to

overthrow the feudal monarchy and build a progressive, united and democratic Republic of China.

Why was Dr. Sun Yatsen buried in Nanjing instead of in his hometown or Beijing where he died?

The mausoleum

site was first recommended to Dr. Sun Yatsen by the abbot of Linggu Temple for its good geomantic omen.

One

day in April, 1912, he went hunting at the site of present mausoleum with his friends.

Dr. Sun Yatsen was really so

amazed by the beautiful environment that he said to them: “I wish I could be bestowed a piece of land by people and

be buried here after my death”.

He once again expressed this desire in his sickbed in 1925.

The architect named

Lu Yanzhi.

Dr. Sun Yatsen?s Mausoleum is designed in the shape of a liberty bell, intending to remind people never

to get self- contented.

The park of mausoleum covers an area of 800000 square meters.

The whole architecture,

from the gateway to the main entrance, tablet pavilion, memorial hall and the tomb vault, lies on the north-south axis

with 392 steps and 10 platforms in between.

The buildings are all constructed with natural granite and marbles and

covered by blue glazed-title roofs.

Opposite to the bronze incense-burner off the square, stands the 12-meter high gateway of three arches with Dr.

Sun Yatsen?s handwriting “Fraternity” carved on its front top.

The 480 meters long Tomb Avenue, lined with pine,

gingko and maple trees, leads to the main entrance tower roofed by blue- glazed tile.

Under the front eave of the

tower, Dr. Sun

Yatsen?s motto “The

world belongs to people” can be seen.

Walking through it, the first building

one will see is the tablet pavilion which houses a huge tombstone which is engraved with “Premier Dr. Sun is buried

here by the Chinese Koumingtang on June 1, 1929”.

From there, a panoramic view of the memorial hall can be

obtained. However, there are still 392 steps in 4 flights to go before tourists reach the memorial hall on the top, and a

platform

with

stone

benches

at

every

flight

so

as

not

to

exhaust

the

climbers.

The

memorial

hall

stands

73.33

meters

above

the

ground.

The

lintel

of

the

memorial

hall

is

inscribed

with

“nationalism,

democratic

rights

and

people?s livelihood” and a vertical plaque is carved with 4 characters “Hao qi chang cun ” meaning imperishable

noble spirit.

All these words are written in Dr

. Sun?s own hand.

In the center of the memorial hall sits the Italian

white marble

statue of

Dr. Sun Yatsen mounted on a pedestal carved in bas-relief by a Polish sculptor about his

revolutionary

activities.

The

surrounding

walls

are

inscribed

with

the

national

constitution

written

by

Dr.

Sun

Yatsen.

Beyond the memorial hall is the tomb vault.

Standing by the side of the pool, as visitors look down, they

bow to see Dr. Sun Yatsen?s reclining marble statue with his body buried 5 meters underneath.

If one looks up, he

will find the emblem of the nationalist Party on the ceiling.

When on

e wraps up the homage tour and steps down, he will not only enjoy a bird?s eye view of beautiful Nanjing,

but also feel totally relived because he does not see any more of those 392 steps, but the platforms.

Not until then,

he will understand how great Dr. Sun Yatsen is.

The

whole

mausoleum

is

an

architectural

complex

in

a

typical

and

traditional

Chinese

style,

and

the

layout

is

harmonious and rational.

All the buildings are roofed with blue-glazed tiles.

With pine trees and cypresses growing

around,

the

mausoleum

looks

magnificent

and

dignified.

Dr.

Sun?s

mausoleum

attracts

thousands

of

visitors?

everyday.

XiaoLing Tomb of The Ming Dynasty

Xiaoling Tomb, or the tomb of filial piety, built 600 years ago, is the mausoleum of Zhu Yuan zhang , the founding

emperor of the Ming Dynasty. Lying at the southern foot of the Purple Mountain ,the tomb

complex is one of the

largest ancient mausoleums of the emperors in china.

Zhu Yuanzhang began to have his tomb built in 1381 when his wife Empress Ma died. The empress was buried in

the

tomb

in

Emperor

Zhu

Yuanzhang

died

in

1398

and

was

buried

here

in

the

same

year.

But

the

construction of the mausoleum lasted 38 years or more till 1431 when ?the Stele if Sacred Neruts and Virtues of

Great Ming? Filial Tomb? was erected.

The mausoleum consists of two major sections. The first section is from the Gateway of Dismounting Horse to the

Lingxing Gate at the end of Sacred Way(tomb avenue), of which the approach is 1800 meters long. The second part

is the tomb itself. Historical records indicate the mausoleum had a grand red wall, 22.5 kilometers long, enclosing

the whole tomb area. The tomb compel was very large with many splendid buildings. 100000 pines were planted

and 1000 deer rose in the park of mausoleum. Unfortunately, this large group of buildings was ruined by the wars in

the late Ming and early Qing dynasties and the war in which by the Qing Dynasty army. All the wooden structures

were

destroyed.

However

we

can

still

see

the

exquisite

stone

carvings

from

the

stone

bases

and

imagine

how

magnificent it looked like 600 years ago.

The

tomb gate

known

as

grand

golden

gate

was

a traditional

architecture and

connected

with

the

red

wall.

The

gateway

of

Dismounting

Horse

locates

about

750

meters

south

from

here.

This

shows

the

absolute

dignity

of

Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang at that time. To the east of the gateway, there are two tablets: the holy

Mountain Tablet

and the Tablet of Mountain Forbidden Regulations decreeing the entrance of the ordinary people into the holy area

was to be severely punished. The royal court dispatched troops here to atand as guards at the mausoleum in the

years. That is why the site has been called Xiaolingwei meaning the Town of Filial guard.

Northwards from the great golden gate, a huge roofless stone tablet pavilion can be seen ,it is the Square Castle, as

local people call it . Its top is gone but the surrounding walls and four archways still remain. In the middle of the

building ,there stands and 8.78 meters high stele called :The Stele

of Sacred Merits and Virtues of Great Ming?s Filial

Tomb. It was built in 1413 by the third emperor ,Zhu yuanzhang ?s fourth son. The stele is inscribed altogether with

2746 Chinese characters in praise of the merits and virtues of Emperor Zhu yuanzhang .

The sacred way is lined on both sides with 12 pairs of giant stone animals in 6 kinds. For each kind of the animals,

there are one pair standing and the other kneeling. The standing pair is working and the kneeling resting and they

are on duty alternately. The real purpose of building these animals is to demonstrate the royal magnificence and the

emperor?s dignity, to drive away evil spirits and guard the tomb. The first 2 pairs of animals are lions, king of the

beasts symbolizing power. The second 2 pairs of animals are called Bixie, a unicorn- shaped mythical animal, said to

e

clever

and

capable

of

distinguishing

between

good

and

evil.

The

following

pairs

of

animals

include

camels,

elephants,

Kylins

or

Chinese

unicorns

and

horses.

The

camel

is

known

as

boat

in

the

desert

and

symbol

of

prosperity. Each elephant , which is the largest and heaviest sculpture, weighs 80 tons and symbolizes peace. The

kylin represents good luck as well as horse loyalty.

In ancient times ,it was rather difficult to move these heavy stone animals. The fact is that workers splashed water

on the ground in cold winter, and pushed the stone animals to the present locations on the surface of frozen ice.

Two 6.25 meter-high stone pillars serve as alters for the sacrificial offerings. Both the hexagonal pillars are carved

with

the

patterns

of

clouds

and

dragons

arousing

visitors?

reverence

and

worship

to

the

emperor .

The

sacred

avenue makes a right turn here just because the Plum Blossom Hill stands in the way. The hill is the tomb for Sun

Quan , The first emperor of Eastern Wu kingdom. It is said that when the tomb was constructed, some ministers

suggested that Sun Quan?s tomb should be moved away. But Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang commented that Sun Quan

was a good fellow and should stay there to be the concierge of his tomb. The Plum Blossom hill now is popular

excursion site for the local people in spring when the plum trees are in full blossom.

Beyond

the

memorial

pillars

there

are

4

pairs

of

stone

WenZhongs,2

pairs

each

of

court

officials

and

warriors.

Legend has it that there was a giant about 10meters tall of Qin Dynasty. The warriors,3.26meters high, are in armor

with weapons in hands while court officials are in court ceremonial robe with writing board in hans to take notes of

the em

peror?s edict.

Behind the statue, there used to be a gate named Lingxing Gate. About 270 meters away from the gate is the stone

bridge spanning over a small stream, yet it is called the Imperial Moat Bridge. The bridge used to have 5 arches , but

was renovated into 3 arches later in the Qing Dynasty. The bridge foundation and stone dykes is the original except

the rail.

About 200 meters north of the Imperial Moat Bridge is the front gate to the tomb. This area is the rear section of the

tomb. The arch gate has 5 doorways, with yellow glazed tiles, red walls and doors . The lintel of the middle gate is

engraved with 3 Chinese characters meaning ?Xiaoling Tomb of Ming Dynasty?. Or “Ming?s Filial Tomb” given by the

emperor himself but Ming was added actually la

ter in the Qing times. It reflects the emperor?s idea to administer the

country with filial piety which is the very instruction of Confucius, the most influential Chinese philosopher. At the

right of the gate, there is a table stone on which is inscribed w

ith ?The Special Notice? written in 6 foreign languages

of Japanese, German, English, French, Italian and Russian respectively to reaffirm the attention to the protection of

the filial tomb in the late Qing years.

Inside the gate is an entrance hall, of

which in the middle is ?the Stele of administering the country well as the Tang

and Song dynasties?. The tablet stone is engraved with the handwriting of Emperor Kangxi when he was paying his

homage to the entombed emperor during his third inspection tour to the area in 1699.

Standing behind the hall is the Filial Hall or Sacrificial hall ,which is one of the major buildings in the mausoleum

employed to enshrine Emperor Zhun Yuanzhang and his empress. But the original was destroyed in the wars, and

the present one was rebuilt and twice restored in the Qing Dynasty.

The citadel of Treasures is the last building on the ground, 16.25meters high, 75 meters wide and 31 meters in depth.

Ascending a flight of 54 stone stairs from an archway of the citadel is the tomb proper covered by a large earthen

mound 400 meters in diameter. Under the mound rest the emperor and his consorts , and as the records testify, 50

or more concubines and maids of honor were buried alive for company. Their families were ensured holy titles, but

these young lives became the eternal victims of feudal sacrifice system.

The

tomb

is

at

the

foot

of

Purple

Mountain.

It

has

not

been

excavated

because

of

the

technical

reasons

of

preservation.

Linggu Temple

Linggu Temple Park lies about one an

d half kilometers to the east of Yatsen?s Mausoleum. It was called

Jiangshan Temple in ancient time and its original site was in Dulongfu at the foot of the purple Mountain. However, in

the early days of the Ming Dynast(1368-1644),Emperor Zhun Yuanzhang chose that place to build his tomb, thus the

temple had to be moved and rebuilt at the present site and was renamed as the Linggu Temple with an inscription

“The Fist Buddhist Forest” at the entrance there is a secluded footpath with thousands of pine

trees, verdant and

luxuriant , so it is called the “Valley of Spirit Deep in Pines”. It is one of the 48 attractions in Nanjing . Main attractio

ns

in the park include Linggu Temple , the gateway of officers and men killed in action, Beamless hall, Pine and Wind

Pavilion, Linggu Pagoda, Monk Baogong Pagoda and Table of three Great Artists, etc.

The

first

major

attraction

is

the

gate

way

of

officials

and

men

killed

in

action.

In

November

1928,

when

Chiang

Kaishek?s Kuomintang government made a decision to

turn the Linggu temple into a cemetery of officials and men

killed in battles, the original entrance to the temple was rebuilt into a three-arch gateway for the dead officials and

men. The gateway has 5 principle columns made of concrete cement. The gate has its foundation inlaid with granite

on surface and roofed by blue-

glazed tile. The lintel of the middle door is carved with 4 Chinese characters “great

Justice and Virtue” in front face and “Salvation of the Nation and People” on the back. The side linte

ls of the gate are

decorated with the emblems of the KMT party.

Inside the park there is the Beamless Hall built in 1381 in the Ming dynast. The hall,53.8 meters long, 37.85 meters

wide and 22meters high, was built entirely of bricks and stones from top to bottom without a piece of wood, hence

the

name.

There

are

nine

overlapping

ridges

and

three

pagodas

decorating

the

top

reges.

In

terms

of

size,

the

Beamless Hall stands first and foremost of its kind in china. It was built more than 200 years earlier than the other

same

kind

Hall

in

other

Ares.

No

wonder

it

is

considered

a

masterpiece

of

Chinese

stone-brick

buildings.

The

difficulty involved in its construction and the complexity of techniques adopted testify the wisdom of the architects of

that time in china.

In

1928,

the

KMT

government

turned

the

hall

into

a

sacrificial

memorial

hall

to

hold

memorial

ceremony

for

the

martyrs, and a stand in the main lobby of the hall for worshipping the Boundless Longevity Buddha was turned into

sacrificial platform.

The middle of the three tablets on the hall is engraved with characters reading “The Bier of the

National Revolutionary Martyrs”.

Dying Words of the State father” inscribed on the right and national anthem of the

Republic of china on left. The names of 33000 officials and men died in the North Expedition War against Warlords

and the War of Resistance against Japan are carved on the black marble tablets inlaid in the walls. All these remain

intact as they were in the 1930s.

An

irregular

and

zigzag

enclosure

wall

is

built

between

the

Beamless

Hall

and

the

Pine

and

Wind

Pavilion,

symbolizing the rim of KMT Blussky and Daylight Flag. A tree planted in the middle of a circle symbolizes the Sun

with brick made halo .1 cemetery is in between the two sacrificial pillars standing near the hall. The other

two cemeteries locate on both west and east of the Beamless Hall. The whole design seems that the cemetery is

under the blue-sky and Day bright Flag.

The Pine and Wind Pavilion was built in 1929, as the memorial hall of the officials and men killed in the action with

the

things

left

behind

by

the

martyrs.

The

pavilion

was

damaged

in

the

war

of

Resistance

against

Japan

and

restored after 1949. The present name Pine and wind Pavilion was given after its restoration. Beyond the Pavilion is

and ancient two-

layered tripod , on which is inscribed 4 characters “Engraved Tripod for Memory of Merits”

Linggu Pagoda was built in 1933 as a memorial pagoda for the officials and men killed in wars. The nine storeyed

octagonal, is over sixty-meter-high, with a corridor encircled by stone rails on each story. The pagoda was designed

by the famous architects Mao Fei and Dong Dayou . 3 characters “Linggupagoda” are inscribed on the lintel of the

front door and “where there is a will there?s a way” on the lintel of the back door. On the exterior wall there are 4

characters “Faithful Dedication to the Service of the nation” which is the handwriting of Chiang Kaishek. Inside the

pagoda a spiral staircase of 252 steps winds to the top through the nine stories. The inner walls from the second

floor

to

the

forth

are

inlaid

with

Dr.

Sun?s

farewell

speech

made

in Whangpoa

Military

Academy

on

November

30,1924 just before the starting of the North Expedition War. The inner walls from fifth to the eighth are inlaid with Dr.

Sun?s opening speech for Whangpoa Military Academy made on June 16,1924. When one gets to the top story and

gazes into the distance, one can get panoramic view of the entire area with fantastic scenery.

In the bushes w

est of Pine and Pavilion there lays a tomb pagoda “Baogong Pagoda” named after the eminent Monk

Baozhi of the southern Dynasties.

The

Linggu

Temple

was

relocated

to

the

present

site

in

the

Ming

dynasty

and

Linggu

Buddhist

Monastery

by

Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang. The present temple is much small than it used to be .In the temple there is the Treasure

Hall of the Great Sage. In the east of the hall , there is a chamber , which used to be called the Goddess of mercy

Hall. But it is turned to be memorial hall of Master Xuan zang, who went on a pilgrimage to India in the 7th century

and brought back with him large quantities of Buddhist sutras. Then he devoted to the translation of these sutras and

greatly enriched the Chinese Buddhist culture in the Tang Dynasty.

City wall of Ming Dynasty

The building of the wall began in 1366, ordered by Zhu Yuanzhang who adopted the suggestion of “building the high

wall” by one of his staff and founded the Ming Dynasty two years later. More than 200000 people were employed on

the project and many of them died before the wall was completed in 1386.

The

wall

was

33.678

kilometers

in

circumference

and

14.21

meters

high

on

average.

The

base

of

the

wall

is

14meters wide and the top of the wall is 7meters wide. It was the longest city wall in the world and the city enclosed