-
第二节
1.
损坏
damage
destroy
spoil
ruin
harm
injure
①
“damage”: (in dictionary)
价值
，
用途降低或外表损坏等，
不一定全部损坏，
< br>损坏了还可以修复。
A.
部分损坏，
可以修复的；
B.
天灾，
“雨，
火，
台风”
等非人为的，
天意的损坏，
“大雾，
干旱使??”
The heavy rain
damaged many houses, but the government help to
rebuild them.
②
destroy:
彻底毁坏以至不能修复的。
A.
完全，彻底地损害；
B.
故意的，人为的
The two
guys destroyed the bridge.
④
Being denied by his boss destroyed his
confidence and his hope for promotion.
B.
小孩宠坏：
They spoil
their children.
心情变坏
harm:
对??有害，不利，有损（与“对??有利”反义）
（反过来想）
Reading in
the sun will ~ your eyes
③
spoil: A.
食物变质：
The
food has spoiled(go bad).
⑤
ruin:
多用于借喻中，是一种抽象的“变坏”
，如堕落，没落，破产；破坏体形，计划，希
望。
I’d rather skip the dessert not to ruin
my figure ~ the hope, the plan, the
life
??
选择：
The water has
damaged the good sand you must dry them.
That town was
destroyed totally in a big fire.
It’s advisable not to take
spoilt food.
Too much meat will _______ your health.
Don’t talk like that. It will _______
your reputation.
dead
dying
deadly
deathly
die
2.
死
①
die
动词：
die
from
死于外因，车祸，天灾，大火??
die of
死于内因（病）
die from traffic accidents,
a big fire / flood / storm / wreak
~ of heart diseases,
cancer,
??
②
death
名词
③
④
deathly
死一般的，死气沉沉的；有死亡气息的，和“
死亡气息”沾边的，
（副，形容词）
寂静，气氛，眼神，脸色等沾边
dying:
重死的，快要死的，
（
救护车，医生等）
They are sending
for a doctor for the dying man.
棺材，埋葬，坟墓有关
They
are sending for a coffin for the dead man.
⑤
dead:
已死亡了的，与“
coffin
”等有关系
△
deadline
最后期限
⑥
deadly
< br>非常的，??地要死的
/
致命，
“very very
?
”
“extremely”
很很??
极其地
A. Your are
deadly right about the result of the last game.
B. deadly plan,
deadly poison, deadly
attack
?
计划
毒药
一击
选择：
The old man
_______ of stroke.
The _______ lion was buried in that
forest.
Please
send for an ambulance for the _______ man.
She is deadly
beautiful.
The
village is in deathly silence after the war.
3.
生活
live
living
lively
alive
life
(vivid)
①
life:
A.
可数，生命
The fire cost six lives
B.
生活，
（不可数）
in real life, life is
beautiful…
in
your daily life, in our life…
②
alive
活着的，不可以做定语，只做表语。
He is still
alive/remains alive
③
living:
A.
有生命机能，有生命现象的。
living fish,
tree,…plant
B.
起居的，生活的
~ room, ~ expense, ~
standard
We
have 2 living rooms & 4 bed room.
live
coal
燃烧着的煤
live vision
活生生的视觉效果，栩栩如生，逼真
live bomb
有爆炸炮弹
live
wire
有电的电线
a live
mumble
可使用；号码
（有工作状态的）
④
live:
新鲜，鲜活的，活生生的，
live fish
活生生的鱼，新鲜的鱼（可能已死了）
△
现场直播的
~ show
⑤
lively
可爱的，活泼的
~ kids
选择：
The couple
_______ a happy life in the rest of life.
There is no
living thing in the moon as we know.
The spy was caught alive
though he died the next day.
The telephone number is
still _______ after so many years.
We will find English an
useful tool in real life.
You can watch
the live football match this evening.
claim
(address/proclaim)
4.
声称，宣称，很大地说
declare
announce
state
①
start
陈述，阐明，比较详细清楚地说明内容，观点，<
/p>
（有分析的意思在里面）
Please ~ your name, age & occupation on
the form.
②
claim
A.
声称，隐含有经过验证，有一面之辞的意思（
right
or worng
）
He claim that his English is very good.
B.<
/p>
索赔，认领（对所有权的宣称）
，说??是自己的
Did you ___~___ on the insurance
after your house fire?
I claimed the
coat that the teacher found.
③
announce
非常强调让公众知道，偏重于第一次让公众知道，有曝料，满足公众好奇心的意味
~ the singer
’s
marriage
④
宣布结婚，财产，奥斯卡名单等等??
declare
很庄严，更强调慎重，正式的场合，清楚有力的公开
宣战，宣布成立，宣告和平，开幕??（很庄重，正式）
I ~ the opening ceremony of
28
th
Olympics begin.
We win ~ war against the
Taiwanese government if ~.
选择：
He has stated
his stand and obviously he is against me.
I must claim my
property on the insurance.
Chairman Mao
declairea the foundation of PRC.
The
agent announced the list of the singers who got
the prize.
beat
win
conquer
overcome
5.
赢，打败
defeat
A
球队打败
B
球队
（
beat
）
①
conquer A.
征服，赢得一方对另一方具有支配权，说了算，有征服的意思
Some countries
may be defeated but can never be conquer.
B.
克服
get over
而跟困难，但如果疾病不用
conquer
②
win
赢过某人（战胜某人）
win over sb.
不能
win
sb
（另外一种意思）赢得某人理解
win the match, win the first prize, win
over sb
③
defeat
打败，赢过，但被打败者不一定服输，尤其是指军事之间的胜利
④
beat
则表示“彻底打败”
，而且被打败者完全服输，尤其指游戏比赛的胜利，比较口语化，
很小。
We beat them only by 3 points this
time.
⑤
overcome
指克服，痊愈，常指战胜疾病，困难，感情困扰。
△
It
’s
wrong for man to conquer nature, which can only be
cooperated.
Can
you win over him in the next contest.
At last our enemy was defeated and our
matherland was safe again.
Team A
beated team B yesterday.
We are sure to
hug success if we can over come our shortcomings.
direct
lead
guide
conduct
show
①
show
A.
带别人四处看看。
~ sb about s.p
带有展示性，如生活秀，舞台秀等
B.
做一
遍让别人看，以便让别人跟着学
Don’t worry I’ll show you how to use
this machine.
②
guide
A.
是带路，领路，强调避免走弯里或遇到危险
（向导）
B.
原则，必读
tourist guide
the how-to-use-computer
guide
③
conduce <
/p>
在表示“指导”
“引导”时含明显的主从关系，被引导者必须服从
，不服从不可以。
conductor
（乐队指挥；列车员，售票员）
6.
指引
④
direct
往往强调指出大的方向，给予指示，安排，但指挥者本身往往不参与行动，是指挥，指导之意。
⑤
lead
有领导者走在前面，身先士卒，而被领导者控制在自己权威之下，井然有序。
练习：
①
Let me show
you’re my beautiful room.
②
Our
party is leading us to build our motherland into a
strong and powerful country.
③
At
the top of the bank, my guide paused and look beak
at me.
④
The policeman
eventually had his hands tied up and conducted him
to a shelter.
7.
区域
district
region
area
zone
field
territory
①
territory
疆域，领土，属地，
（属于??的领地）
，封地→国
家的领土
②
district
行政区域，
长宁区，
普陀区，
闸北区；
但浦东新区很大故为
“
Pudong New
Area
”
③
zone
有明显划分的细长区域，很长很细的（雷区，时区）
，范围很明显的，边界很明显的，
有固定搭配
time ~, bomb ~,
年龄段
boy zone, business
zone
商业区
, English
~
说英语地带
④
Area
A.
强调面积的地方，摊开看面积，从大小看，国家的大小
B.
某个
领域，学术领域（
field
）
⑤
field
A =area
领域
B
田野
⑥
region
< br>与政治，宗教有关的地方区域（科学，动植物，地理，大气）等一个特定的区
the up region
天堂
the doun
region
少数民族居住区，自治区
练习：
The forest
covers an area of 50.000m
2
.
There are 24
zones in this world.
There are many
students from other districts in the same key
school.
This region is ruled by itself.
He is famous scientist in his
area/field.
We’ll often find the male
lion wander in his
territory to ensure
his dominant position.
divide
separate
isolate
老师把班级分成
4
组，
（
divide
）
8.
分
①
divide
把一个整体均分成几份，分配平均