农业大棚温室智能化自动控制中英文对照外文翻译文献

在未来

8

年，提供实时的结果在工业温室进行建模，仿真，控制和优化的温

室作物生产工作总结研究。

原文

:

农业大棚温室智能化自动控制中英文对照外文翻译文献

Agricultural

automatic control

greenhouses

greenhouse

intelligent

Abstract

：

The

problem

of

determining

the

trajectories

to

control

greenhouse

crop

growth

has

traditionally

been

solved

by

using

constrained

optimization

or

applying

artificial

intelligence

techniques.

The economic profit has been used as the main criterion in most research

on optimization to obtain adequate climatic control setpoints for the crop

growth.

This

paper

addresses

the

problem

of

greenhouse

crop

growth

through

a

hierarchical

control

architecture

governed

by

a

high-level

multiobjective optimization approach, where the solution to this problem

is

to

find

reference

trajectories

for

diurnal

and

nocturnal

temperatures

(climate-related

setpoints)

and

electrical

conductivity

(fertirrigation-related

setpoints).

The

objectives

are

to

maximize

profit,

fruit quality,

and

water-use

efficiency,

these

being

currently

fostered by

international rules. Illustrative results selected from those obtained in an

industrial greenhouse during the last eight years are shown and described.

Keywords

：

Agriculture;

Hierarchical

systems;

Process

control;

Optimization methods; Yield optimization

1. Introduction

Modern

agriculture

is

nowadays

subject

to

regulations

in

terms

of

quality

and

environmental

impact

and

thus

it

is

a

field

where

the

农业大棚温室智能化自动控制中英文对照外文翻译文献

application of automatic control techniques has increased a lot during the

last

few

years

The

greenhouse

production

agrosystem

is

a

complex

of

physical, chemical and biological processes, taking place simultaneously,

reacting

with

different

response

times

and

patterns

to

environmental

factors,

and

characterized

by

many

interactions

(Challa

&

van

Straten,

1993), which must be controlled in order to obtain the best results for the

grower.

Crop

growth

is

the

most

important

process

and

is

mainly

influenced

by

surrounding

environmental

climatic

variables

(Photosynthetically Active Radiation

—

PAR, temperature, humidity, and

CO2 concentration of the inside air), the amount of water and fertilizers

supplied

by

irrigation,

pests

and

diseases,

and

culture

labors

such

as

pruning and pesticide treatments among others. A greenhouse is ideal for

crop growing since it constitutes a closed environment in which climatic

and

Fertilizer

irrigation

variables

can

be

controlled.

Climate

and

Fertilizer

irrigation

are

two

independent

systems

with

different

control

problems and objectives. Empirically, the water and nutrient requirements

of the different crop species are known and, in fact, the first automated

systems

were

those

that

control

these

variables.

On

the

other

hand,

the

market

price

fluctuations

and

the

environment

rules

to

improve

the

water-use efficiency or reduce the fertilizer residues in the soil (such as

the nitrate contents) are other aspects to be taken into account. Therefore,

the

optimal

production

process

in

a

greenhouse

agrosystem

may

be