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高考英语阅读理解题型突破——判断推理类

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2021-02-13 23:07
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2021年2月13日发(作者:erased)



09


二轮专题


1


:阅读理解题型专项突破之三——


推理判断



画川高级中学



王文华




命题特点




?


这类题属于主观题,是层次较高的设题。它包括判断和推理题 。这两类题常常相互依


存,推理是为了得出正确的判断,正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的 推理。推理题要求在理解


原文表面文字信息的基础上,做出一定判断和推论,从而得到文 章的隐含意义和深层意义。


推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话,

< br>也可是某几句话,


但做题的指导思想都是以文字


信息为依 据,


既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理,


也不能根据表 面文字信息做多步


推理。所以,推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答 案:即对原文某一句


话或某几句话所作的同义改写


(parap hrase)


或综合。




常见考法




推理题经常使用的提问方式有:


?



It can be inferred/ concluded that___________.


?



Which of the following conclusions can we draw according to the passage?


?



In which of the following publication would this passage most likely be printed?



The passage implies, but doesn't directly state that___________.


?



The writer suggests that___________.


?



What's the author's attitude toward___________?


The writer probably feels that___________.


?



The author uses the examples of... to show that___________.


?


< p>
判定推理是一种创造性的思维活动,但它并非无章可循。


?



推理判定题要在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上,


把握文 章的真正内涵。


①要吃透文章的字


面意思,从字里行间捕捉有用 的提示和线索,这是推理的前提和基础;②要对文字的表面信


息进行挖掘加工,由表入里 ,由浅入深,从具体到抽象,从非凡到一般,通过分析、综合、


判定等,进行深层处理, 符合逻辑地推理。不能就是论事,断章取义,以偏概全。③要忠实


于原文,以文章提供的 事实和线索为依据。立足已知,推断未知。立足现在,猜测未来。不


用心




爱心




专心



< /p>


能主观臆想,凭空想象,随意揣测,更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点;④要把握句、段


之间的逻辑关系,了解语篇的结构。要体会文章的基调,揣摸作者的态度,摸准逻辑发展 的


方向,悟出作者的弦外之音。



一、细节推断题


?


< br>要求考生根据语篇关系,


推断具体细节,


如时间、


地点、


人物关系、


人物身份、


事件等。


一般可根据短文提供的信息,或者借助生活常识进行推理判定。


?



【例题】




A visitor visits an island where two tribes live. One tribe always tells the truth and the other


always lies. The truth


?


tellers live on the western side of the island, and those who lie live on the


eastern side. The visitor wants to determine whether the native beside him is a truth


?


teller or not


by asking only one question. He asks t


he native,“Go and ask the native in the distance which side


of the island he lives on.” When the messenger returns, he says,


side of the island.


?



Is the messenger a truth



teller or not? How can the visitor be sure?


?



1. According to the messenger's answer, the visitor can conclude that_______________


?



A. The messenger lives on the western side of the island because he tells the truth.


?



B. the messenger lives on the eastern side of the island because his answer may be a lie.



C. it's hard to determine whether the messenger is a truth teller or not.



D. the messenger probably lives in the western side of the island because his answer may be true.



2.


The


native


in


the


distance


says


he


lives


on


the


western


side


of


the


island.


According


to


his


answer, which conclusion of the following is wrong?


?



A. He may live on the eastern side of the island.


?



B. He may live on the western side of the island.


?



C. He may be telling the truth.


?


















D. He can't be telling the truth.



解析


:



1


题是推测有关信使(近处的当地人)的情况的。我们知道,讲真话的部落住在

< p>
岛的西部,撒谎的部落住在岛的东部。这个信使去问远方的当地人住在岛的哪一边(东部还


用心




爱心




专心




是西 部)


。远方的当地人只能有两种情况,要么住在岛的西部,要么住在岛的东部。假如他< /p>


住在岛的西部,


他就是一个讲真话的人,


他就会如实回答他住在西部。


假如他住在岛的东部,


他就是一个 撒谎的人。


他本来住在东部,


但在回答时,

必须要说谎,


他只能回答他住在西部。


所以远方的当地人不 管是住在东部还是西部,他的回答只有一个:



我住在西部



。假如信使


告诉参观者远方的当地人住在 西部,信使无疑是说了真话,那么信使一定是住在岛的西部。


反之,假如信使告诉参观者 远方的当地人住在东部,那么信使就说了假话,信使肯定住在东


部。故此题答案是


A



?


< p>


2


题是推测远方的当地人的情况的。

< p>
从短文提供的信息来看,


我们无法判定远方的当


地 是住在岛的东部还是岛的西部,两种情况都是可能存在的。此题要留意情态动词的语气。


A.“


他可能住在岛的西部


”;B.“


他可能住在岛的东部


”;C.“


他可能讲了真话



。上述


A



B



C


种情况都是可能的。


D.“


他不可能讲真话



,语气太绝对。推测错误。故答案为


D



?



二、因果推断题


?


< br>要求考生根据已知结果推测导致结果的可能原因。


考生要正确把握文章的内涵,< /p>


理解文


章的真正含义。


?



When


the


young


waitress


near


my


house


started


saying


hello


to


me


every


day,


I


was


very


happy. She was at least fifteen years younger than I. One day she signedme to come near. When I


walked over, she asked,“Are you single?


?



“Why, yes.


?




“So is my mother.


?



1. The writer talked about the waitress' age because he thought___________.



A. she was young
















B. it a pleasure to make friends with her


?




C. she was beautiful














D. it strange for her to fall in love withhim



2. The waitress said hello to the writer every day because___________.


?



A. she lived near his house


















B. he often went to visit her mother



C. she wanted to be friendly with him









D. she loved him very much


?



解析


:



这是 两道推测原因的题目。女服务员天天向作者示好,作者产生误解,以为女孩


对他有意。考 虑到他们年龄相差悬殊,作者认为女孩爱上他有点希奇。故第


1


题答案是


D



用心



爱心




专心



< /p>


女孩问作者是否单身,并提到她母亲也是单身,并邀请他与她母亲见面,可见,女孩天天向


他问好,目的是想取得他的好感,进而搓和他和她母亲。第


2< /p>


题答案是


C



?



The entertainment profession or “show business


only


very


few


can


hope


to


become


famous


and


successful.


Talent


is


not


enough,


because


show


business is as competitive as any other business .Without a good manager ,a performer can never


hope to succeed .Fashion is important in this business, too. The best tailor in the world will never


be a success if he makes old


-


fashioned clothes. In exactly the same way, a performer must change


his


“act


comedians,


but perhaps most of all singers.


?



“Pop


must either give the public what they already want, or he must find a new way of singing that will


attract their attention. Even when he has succeeded, and his records are sold everywhere, he can


not relax. Then he must work harder than ever because there are always younger singers trying to


become famous and to steal some of the popularity.


?


The life of a successful pop singer is not at


all easy. He can only relax when he is alone, because everything he does is watched and reported


in


the


special


newspaper


written


for


the


“fans”.


The



fans


are


the


most


important


people


in


the


world for the singers. They buy his records, they go to his concerts and they make him rich and


famous.


But


they


can


be


very


annoying,


too.


Sometimes


their


enthusiasm


get


so


hysterical


that


they do anything to get a




souvenir


?


(纪念品)


. They steal handkerchiefs, they tear off buttons,


and they even cut off pieces of the unfortunate singer's hair. Many singers have been forced to hide.


A pop singer has to spend a lot of money on clothes, because he must always look smart or at any


rate


different.


He


must


have


a


luxurious


car.


And




most


important




he


must


always


keep


smiling for the benefit of his public.


?



1. Why must a pop singer have a good manager?___________.


?



A. To protect him from his fans






B. To look after his business interests


?



C. To help him to change his “act






D .So that he can relax



用心




爱心




专心




2. Why must a pop singer work even harder when he has become famous?___________


?



A. Because he wants to attract the attention of the public


?



B. Because he wants to sell more records


?



C. Because he wants to become popular


?














D. Because he wants to stay popular



解析


:


1.


答案为


B


。因果推断题。根据


Talent is not enough, because show business is as


competitive


as


any


other


business.


Without


a


good


manager,


a


performer


can


never


hope


to


succeed .


我们可以知道,正因为这个行业竞争激烈, 所以表演者需要一个好的经纪人。帮助


演员策划和安排商业表演活动,协助他的演艺事业 的发展。故


B


项正确。


?



2.


答案为


D


。因果推断题。


Then he must work harder than ever because there are always


younger singers trying to become famous and to steal some of the popularity.


一个 成名演员要更


加努力地工作,直接原因文中已有论述,即,表演行业是个竞争十分激烈的 行业,新人不断


涌现,


对成名演员造成很大的压力。

< p>
那么间接原因是什么?通过前面的分析我们可以推断出


成名演员更加买力地 工作,是因为他要保持他的名气,延长他的艺术生命。


?



Once Napoleon stayed in a small inn. The next morning, he went to thank the innkeeper.



“You,


have served me well, innkeeper,


“said



Napoleon. “I wish to reward you. Tell


me what you want.


?



“Sir,


we


want


nothing,


“said



the


innkeeper.


“But



will


you


tell


us


something?



“What


is


it?


Napoleon asked.


?




“We have heard a story.


taken by the Russians. You happened to be in the village. You hid while they looked for you. Will


you tell us how you felt when they were looking for you?


in two of his soldiers. Then he pointed to the door. The soldiers took the innkeeper and his wife out


into the yard.


?



At


the


end


of


the


yard


was


a


wall.


The


innkeeper


and


his


wife


were


led


to


the


wall.


The


soldiers tied the hands of the innkeeper and his wife. Napoleon watched, saying nothing.


?




“Please, sir.


e soldiers moved


用心




爱心




专心


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