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09
二轮专题
1
p>
:阅读理解题型专项突破之三——
推理判断
画川高级中学
王文华
【
命题特点
】
?
这类题属于主观题,是层次较高的设题。它包括判断和推理题
。这两类题常常相互依
存,推理是为了得出正确的判断,正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的
推理。推理题要求在理解
原文表面文字信息的基础上,做出一定判断和推论,从而得到文
章的隐含意义和深层意义。
推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话,
< br>也可是某几句话,
但做题的指导思想都是以文字
信息为依
据,
既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理,
也不能根据表
面文字信息做多步
推理。所以,推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答
案:即对原文某一句
话或某几句话所作的同义改写
(parap
hrase)
或综合。
【
常见考法
】
推理题经常使用的提问方式有:
?
It can be inferred/ concluded
that___________.
?
Which of the following conclusions can
we draw according to the
passage?
?
In
which of the following publication would this
passage most likely be printed?
The passage implies, but doesn't
directly state
that___________.
?
The writer suggests
that___________.
?
What's the author's attitude
toward___________?
The writer probably
feels that___________.
?
The author uses the examples of... to
show that___________.
?
判定推理是一种创造性的思维活动,但它并非无章可循。
?
推理判定题要在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上,
把握文
章的真正内涵。
①要吃透文章的字
面意思,从字里行间捕捉有用
的提示和线索,这是推理的前提和基础;②要对文字的表面信
息进行挖掘加工,由表入里
,由浅入深,从具体到抽象,从非凡到一般,通过分析、综合、
判定等,进行深层处理,
符合逻辑地推理。不能就是论事,断章取义,以偏概全。③要忠实
于原文,以文章提供的
事实和线索为依据。立足已知,推断未知。立足现在,猜测未来。不
用心
爱心
专心
<
/p>
能主观臆想,凭空想象,随意揣测,更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点;④要把握句、段
之间的逻辑关系,了解语篇的结构。要体会文章的基调,揣摸作者的态度,摸准逻辑发展
的
方向,悟出作者的弦外之音。
一、细节推断题
?
< br>要求考生根据语篇关系,
推断具体细节,
如时间、
地点、
人物关系、
人物身份、
事件等。
一般可根据短文提供的信息,或者借助生活常识进行推理判定。
?
【例题】
A visitor visits an island
where two tribes live. One tribe always tells the
truth and the other
always lies. The
truth
?
tellers live on the
western side of the island, and those who lie live
on the
eastern side. The visitor wants
to determine whether the native beside him is a
truth
?
teller or not
by asking only one question. He asks
t
he native,“Go and ask the native in
the distance which side
of the island
he lives on.” When the messenger returns, he says,
side of the
island.
?
Is the
messenger a truth
teller or
not? How can the visitor be
sure?
?
1.
According to the messenger's answer, the visitor
can conclude
that_______________
?
A. The messenger lives on the western
side of the island because he tells the
truth.
?
B. the
messenger lives on the eastern side of the island
because his answer may be a lie.
C. it's hard to determine whether the
messenger is a truth teller or not.
D. the messenger probably lives in the
western side of the island because his answer may
be true.
2.
The
native
in
the
distance
says
he
lives
on
the
western
side
of
the
island.
According
to
his
answer, which conclusion of the
following is wrong?
?
A. He may live on the eastern side of
the island.
?
B.
He may live on the western side of the
island.
?
C. He
may be telling the truth.
?
D.
He can't be telling the truth.
解析
:
第
1
题是推测有关信使(近处的当地人)的情况的。我们知道,讲真话的部落住在
岛的西部,撒谎的部落住在岛的东部。这个信使去问远方的当地人住在岛的哪一边(东部还
用心
爱心
专心
是西
部)
。远方的当地人只能有两种情况,要么住在岛的西部,要么住在岛的东部。假如他<
/p>
住在岛的西部,
他就是一个讲真话的人,
他就会如实回答他住在西部。
假如他住在岛的东部,
他就是一个
撒谎的人。
他本来住在东部,
但在回答时,
必须要说谎,
他只能回答他住在西部。
所以远方的当地人不
管是住在东部还是西部,他的回答只有一个:
“
我住在西部
p>
”
。假如信使
告诉参观者远方的当地人住在
西部,信使无疑是说了真话,那么信使一定是住在岛的西部。
反之,假如信使告诉参观者
远方的当地人住在东部,那么信使就说了假话,信使肯定住在东
部。故此题答案是
A
。
?
第
2
题是推测远方的当地人的情况的。
从短文提供的信息来看,
我们无法判定远方的当
地
是住在岛的东部还是岛的西部,两种情况都是可能存在的。此题要留意情态动词的语气。
A.“
他可能住在岛的西部
”;B.“
他可能住在岛的东部
”;C.“
他可能讲了真话
”
。上述
A
、
B
、
C
三
种情况都是可能的。
D.“
他不可能讲真话
”
,语气太绝对。推测错误。故答案为
D
。
?
二、因果推断题
?
< br>要求考生根据已知结果推测导致结果的可能原因。
考生要正确把握文章的内涵,<
/p>
理解文
章的真正含义。
?
When
the
young
waitress
near
my
house
started
saying
hello
to
me
every
day,
I
was
very
happy.
She was at least fifteen years younger than I. One
day she signedme to come near. When I
walked over, she asked,“Are you
single?
?
“Why,
yes.
?
“So is my
mother.
?
1. The
writer talked about the waitress' age because he
thought___________.
A. she
was young
B.
it a pleasure to make friends with
her
?
C. she was beautiful
D.
it strange for her to fall in love
withhim
2. The waitress said
hello to the writer every day
because___________.
?
A. she lived near his house
B.
he often went to visit her mother
C. she wanted to be friendly with him
D.
she loved him very much
?
解析
:
这是
两道推测原因的题目。女服务员天天向作者示好,作者产生误解,以为女孩
对他有意。考
虑到他们年龄相差悬殊,作者认为女孩爱上他有点希奇。故第
1
题答案是
D
。
用心
爱心
专心
<
/p>
女孩问作者是否单身,并提到她母亲也是单身,并邀请他与她母亲见面,可见,女孩天天向
他问好,目的是想取得他的好感,进而搓和他和她母亲。第
2<
/p>
题答案是
C
。
?
The entertainment
profession or “show business
only
very
few
can
hope
to
become
famous
and
successful.
Talent
is
not
enough,
because
show
business is as competitive as any other
business .Without a good manager ,a performer can
never
hope to succeed .Fashion is
important in this business, too. The best tailor
in the world will never
be a success if
he makes old
-
fashioned
clothes. In exactly the same way, a performer must
change
his
“act
comedians,
but perhaps most of all
singers.
?
“Pop
must either give the
public what they already want, or he must find a
new way of singing that will
attract
their attention. Even when he has succeeded, and
his records are sold everywhere, he can
not relax. Then he must work harder
than ever because there are always younger singers
trying to
become famous and to steal
some of the popularity.
?
The
life of a successful pop singer is not at
all easy. He can only relax when he is
alone, because everything he does is watched and
reported
in
the
special
newspaper
written
for
the
“fans”.
The
fans
are
the
most
important
people
in
the
world for the singers. They buy his
records, they go to his concerts and they make him
rich and
famous.
But
they
can
be
very
annoying,
too.
Sometimes
their
enthusiasm
get
so
hysterical
that
they do anything to get
a
“
souvenir
?
(纪念品)
. They steal
handkerchiefs, they tear off buttons,
and they even cut off pieces of the
unfortunate singer's hair. Many singers have been
forced to hide.
A pop singer has to
spend a lot of money on clothes, because he must
always look smart or at any
rate
different.
He
must
have
a
luxurious
car.
And
—
most
important
—
he
must
always
keep
smiling for the benefit of his
public.
?
1. Why
must a pop singer have a good
manager?___________.
?
A. To protect him from his fans
B. To look after his business
interests
?
C. To
help him to change his “act
D .So that he
can relax
用心
爱心
专心
2.
Why must a pop singer work even harder when he has
become famous?___________
?
A. Because he wants to attract the
attention of the public
?
B. Because he wants to sell more
records
?
C.
Because he wants to become popular
?
D. Because he wants to stay
popular
解析
:
1.
答案为
B
。因果推断题。根据
Talent is not enough, because
show business is as
competitive
as
any
other
business.
Without
a
good
manager,
a
performer
can
never
hope
to
succeed .
我们可以知道,正因为这个行业竞争激烈,
所以表演者需要一个好的经纪人。帮助
演员策划和安排商业表演活动,协助他的演艺事业
的发展。故
B
项正确。
?
2.
答案为
D
。因果推断题。
Then he must work harder
than ever because there are always
younger singers trying to become famous
and to steal some of the popularity.
一个
成名演员要更
加努力地工作,直接原因文中已有论述,即,表演行业是个竞争十分激烈的
行业,新人不断
涌现,
对成名演员造成很大的压力。
那么间接原因是什么?通过前面的分析我们可以推断出
成名演员更加买力地
工作,是因为他要保持他的名气,延长他的艺术生命。
?
Once Napoleon stayed in a small inn.
The next morning, he went to thank the
innkeeper.
“You,
have served me well, innkeeper,
“said
Napoleon.
“I wish to reward you. Tell
me what you
want.
?
“Sir,
we
want
nothing,
“said
the
innkeeper.
“But
will
you
tell
us
something?
“What
is
it?
Napoleon asked.
?
“We
have heard a story.
taken by the
Russians. You happened to be in the village. You
hid while they looked for you. Will
you
tell us how you felt when they were looking for
you?
in two of his soldiers. Then he
pointed to the door. The soldiers took the
innkeeper and his wife out
into the
yard.
?
At
the
end
of
the
yard
was
a
wall.
The
innkeeper
and
his
wife
were
led
to
the
wall.
The
soldiers tied the hands
of the innkeeper and his wife. Napoleon watched,
saying nothing.
?
“Please, sir.
e
soldiers moved
用心
爱心
专心
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