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专题
07
阅读理解推理判断题
推理判断题主要考查学生根据文章的字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态<
/p>
度，理解文章的寓意等。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题。做这类题时，考
生应在理解全
文的基础上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，同时借助一定
的常识进行分析、推理、判断。
提问整篇文章或某句某段的含
蓄意思时，问句中都含有
infer, imply, indicate,
suggest (
推断，暗指
)
等词
。
对付这类题时我们不仅要弄懂文章字面的意思，更重要的是要知道文章潜在的含义，和
作者所给的提示。
同时要对文章的含义和作者的暗示作合理的猜测和推论。关键是：意思
要靠推断得出，而不是原文照搬。
这就要把握住文章的主题思想和每段的内容；明确作者
的观点及其写作该文的目的；分析文章里所给的有
关信息；注意词汇在词典的定义和词典
以外的含义；最后运用自己的知识进行由表及里的逻辑推理，挖出
文章的伏笔，得出正确
的推论。
这种问题的提问方式通常有：
paragraph 4 we can infer that. / What can be
inferred from the passage? / From the last
paragraph we
can infer that .
2.
We can infer from the text
that…/ What can we learn from…? / We can conclude
from the
passage
that…
last sentence of the
first paragraph most probably implies that.
author implies that by the year 2080,
.
solve the present social problems
the author suggests that we should.
6.
The author mentions the
fact that…to show.
7. This
passage would most likely be found in _________?
8.
The author’s attitude
toward …is _________?
9. The
tone of the passage can best be described as
_________?
这些提问方式的答案一般在短文中不可能直接找到，必须根据提
问中的某些关键字眼与短文中相应的
有关内容加以逻辑推理或演算，从而得出某些作者并
未说明却已在字里行间所暗含的意思及观点。具体的
说，考生应当注意以下几点：
1.
首先要注意一定要忠实于原文，以文章
提供的事实和线索为依据。立足已知，推断未知，遵循
“
词不<
/p>
离句，句不离段，段不离篇
”
的原则。千
万不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替
作者的观点。
2.
要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和
基础。有的推断，考
生完全可以根据文章中所阐述的细节，再结合自己所掌握的基础知识
、有关背景知识或常识来帮助进行分
析、推敲，从而得出符合文章原意的结论。
3.
要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工，
由表及里，
由浅入深，
从具体到抽象，
从特殊到一般，
通过分析、
综合、判断等，
进行深层处理，合乎逻辑地推理。不能就事论事，断章取义，以偏概全。
4.
要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构，同时还
要体会文章的基调，揣摩作者的态度，摸
准逻辑发展方向，悟出作者的言外之意。
5.
在解答推理性问题时，
一定要注意确定推理依据的位置或范围。
应清楚所要解答的问题需要针对某个<
/p>
细节进行推断，还是针对主题思想、作者的意图进行推断。针对细节的推断可运用
scanning
的方法，迅速
在材料中确定推
理依据的位置或范围，然后再进行推理判断。针对主题思想作推断时，则常常要纵览全篇
文章。
推理判断题常见有以下形式：
1
．细节推断题
要求考生根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件、具体信息等。
考生要从文章本身所提供的信息出发，抓住关键的信息词，运用逻辑思维，并借助一定的常识进行
分析、
推理、判断。
【典例
1
】
（
2017
·北京卷，
A
）
It
was
a
cold
March
day
in
High
Point,
North
Carolina.
The
girls
on
the
Wesleyan
Academy
softball
were
waiting
for
their
next
turns
at
bat
during
practice,
stamping
their
feet
to
stay
warm.
Eighth-grader Taylor Bisbee
shivered(
发抖
) a little as she
watched her teammate Paris White play. The two
didn
’
t
know each
other well
—
Taylor had just
moved to town a month or so before.
Suddenly, Paris fell to the ground,
“
Paris
’
s
eyes rolled back,
”
Taylor says.
“
She
started shaking. I knew it was
an
emergency.
”
It
certainly was, Paris had suffered a sudden heart
failure. Without immediate medical care, Paris
would die.
At first, no one
moved. The girls were in shock. Then the softball
coach shouted out,
“
Does
anyone know CPR?
”
CPR is a life-saving technique. To do
CPR, you press on the sick
person
’
s chest so that blood
moves through
the body and takes oxygen
to organs. Without oxygen the brain is damaging
quickly.
Amazingly, Taylor had just taken a CPR
course the day before. Still, she hesitated. She
didn
’
t think she knew
it well enough. But when no one else
came forward, Taylor ran to Paris and began doing
CPR.
“
It was scary. I knew
it was the difference between life and
death,
”
says Taylor.
Taylor
’
s swift
action helped her teammates calm down. One girl
called 911. Two more ran to get the school
nurse, who brought a defibrillator, an
electronic devices(
器械
) that
can shock the heart back into work. Luck stayed
with them: Paris
’
heartbeat returned.
“
I know I was really
lucky,
”
Paris says now.
“
Most people
don
’
t survive this. My team
saved my life.
”
Experts say Paris is right: For a
sudden heart failure, the single best chance for
survival is having someone
nearby step
in and do CPR quickly.
Today, Paris is
back on the softball team. Taylor wil
l
apply to college soon. She wants to be a nurse. “I
feel
more confident in my actions now,”
Taylor says. “I know I can act under pressure in a
scary situation.”
happened
to Paris on a March day?
A. She caught
a bad cold.
B. She had a sudden heart
problem.
C. She was knocked down by a
ball.
D. She shivered terribly during
practice.
【文章大意】讲述
Taylor Bis
bee
通过及时的
CPR
挽救了一位学
生的生命。
【答案】
B
2
．因果推断题
要求考生根据已知结果推测导致结果的可能原因或根据已有的原因推断可能的结果。考生要准确掌握
文章的内涵，理解文章的真正含义。最关键的是要找准事物间存在的因果关系信息，根据已有信息
，进行
分析判断推理，从而推出最符合逻辑的原因或判断出最可能导致的结果。
【典例
2
】
does Paris say she was
lucky?
A. She made a worthy friend.
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