-
高三英语二轮专题复习
五、推理判断—
—
观点态度题
(2018·
浙江，
C)
As cultural symbols
go
，
the American car is quite
Model T Ford was built at the
Piquette
Plant in Michigan a century
ago
，
with the first rolling
off the assembly line(
装配线
)
on
September
27,
eleven
cars
were
produced
the
next
eventually
Henry
Ford
would build fifteen
million of them.
Modern
America
was
born
on
the
road
，
behind
a
car
shaped
some
of
the
most
lasting
aspects
of
American
culture
：
the
roadside
diner
，
the
billboard
，
the
motel
，
even
the
most of the last
century
，
the car represented
what it meant to be
American
—
going
forward at high speed to find new road
novel
，
the road
movie
，
these are the most
typical
American
ideas
，
born of abundant
petrol
，
cheap cars and a
never-ending interstate highway
system
，
the largest public
works project in history.
In 1928
Herbert Hoover imagined an America with
“
a chicken in every pot and
a car in every
garage.
”
Since
then
，
this society has moved
onward
，
never looking
back
，
as the car transformed
America from a farm-based society into
an industrial power.
The cars that
drove the American Dream have helped to create a
global ecological
America the demand
for oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990.
The
problems
of
excessive(
过度的
)
energy
consumption
，
climate
change
and
population
growth have been described in a book by
the American writer Thomas
L
．
fears the
worst
，
but hopes
for the best.
Friedman
points
out
that
the
green
economy
(
经
济
)is
a
chance
to
keep
American
strength.
“
The
ability to design
，
build and
export green technologies for producing clean
water
，
1
高三英语二轮专题复习
clean air and healthy and abundant food
is going to be the currency of power in the new
century.
”
语篇解读
本文是一篇说明文。其主题
是
“
人与社会
”
，介绍了美国经典的
“
汽车文化
”<
/p>
，
它对美国各方面的影响是巨大而深远的。汽车给美国人民带来便
利的同时，也带来了很多问
题，例如能源的过度消耗、气候变化以及污染等。素材的选择
旨在向考生传递一种科学的世
界观：看待事物一定要一分为二，分析利弊，趋利避害，利
用事物好的方面为人类服务。
28
．
Why is
hamburger mentioned in Paragraph 2?
A
．
To explain
Americans
’
love for
travelling by car.
B
．
To show the
influence of cars on American culture.
C
．
To stress the
popularity of fast food with Americans.
D
．
To praise the
effectiveness of America
’
s
road system.
[
答案
]
B
[
解析
]
<
/p>
细节理解题。根据第二段第二句
“
The
car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of
American culture...even the hamburger.<
/p>
”
可知，汽车塑造了某些最持久的美国文化，其中就包
括汉堡。由此可知，汽车对于汉堡文化的形成，影响是非常大的。所以，在第二段中提及汉
堡，就是为了表明汽车对于美国文化有相当大的影响。故选
B
项。
29
．
What has the
use of cars in America led to?
A
．
Decline of
economy.
B
．
Environmental
problems.
C
．
A
shortage of oil supply.
D
．
A farm-based
society.
[
答案
]
B
[
解析
]
<
/p>
细节理解题。根据第四段第一句
“
The
cars that drove the American Dream have helped
to create a global ecological disaster.
”
可知，驱动美国梦的汽车导致了全球性的生态灾难，即
汽车的使用引起了环境问题。故选
B
项。
30
．
What
is Friedman
’
s attitude
towards America
’
s
future?
A
．
Ambiguous.
C
．
Hopeful.
[
答案
]
C
[
解析
]
<
/p>
观点态度题。根据最后一段第一句
“
Fr
iedman points out that the green
economy(
经济
)
B
．
Doubtful.
D
．
Tolerant.
2
高三英语二轮专题复习
is a
chance to keep American strength.
”
可知，
Friedman
认为绿色经济是使美国保
持实力的一个
机遇。由此可知，他对美国的未来充满了希望。故选
C
项。
一、题型解读
所谓作者的观点和态度
，就是表达作者对某个话题、行为、事件的看法、感觉或判断。
作者的观点和态度一般分
为三大类：支持、赞同、乐观；客观、中立；反对、批评、怀疑、
悲观。作者的这种思想
倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间。因此，在推断过程中，
应特别注意文中作者
的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词或副词。此类试题往往让考生推
断文章作者或文中
人物对某事所持的态度、观点或看法，或推断文中人物的语气、性格等。
设问形式常有：
3
高三英语二轮专题复习
1
．
What
’
s the
writer
’
s attitude
towards...?
2
．
What is the
author
’
s opinion on...?
3
．
What does the
author think about...?
二、解题技巧
——
“
忠于措辞
”
< br>定选项
1
．
< br>文章作者或文中人物对某事物所持的观点或态度往往隐含在文章的字里行间或流露于修饰
< br>词之中，注意文中作者或人物的措辞。
(1)
正确掌握字里行间所隐含或流露的意思，
切不可用自己的观点来代替作者
或文中人物的观
点。
(2)
留意那些描写所处氛围的语言及表达情感、态度或观点的词语或句子。
(3)
结合平时所积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等
的背景知识来进行合理的推断。
(4)
关注首段首尾句，推断文章主题，确定作者观点。
2
．要分清选项中的表示支持或肯定、中立、反对或否定的词语，再以此对照文章内容。下面
是一些常见的有关作者情感、态度的词语：
(1)
表示支持或肯定的词语
favorable
赞同的，有利的
；
positive
积极的，肯定的，确实的；
supportive
支持的；
approval
赞成，正式批准；
reasonable
合
理的；
enthusiastic
热情的等。
< br>
(2)
表示反对或否定的词语
critical
批评的；
negat
ive
否定的，消极的；
disapproval
不赞成；
impractical
不实际的；
radical
激进的；
prejudice
d
有成见的，偏颇的等。
例如：
【真题感悟】中第
30
题，根据最后一段第
一句“
Friedman
points
out
that
the
green
economy(
经济
) is a
chance to keep American strength.
”可知，
Friedman
认为绿色经济是使美国
保
持实力的一个机遇。由此可知，他对美国的未来充满了希望。故选
C
项。
A
4
高三英语二轮专题复习
(2018·
湖南衡阳第一次联考
)
Carrie
Gracie
is
knowledgeable
about
China
and
its
also
has
a
1
reputation
as
a
generous
colleague.
She has resigned from her job
as China editor because her employers will
not pay her at the same rate as they
pay the handful of men who do a similarly
challenging
and
important
job.
She
has
resigned
because
she
refused
to
go
on
colluding(
共谋
)
with
the
BBC
’
s dishonesty
about its failure to give women and men equal pay
for equal work.
Gracie was recruited to
the job
，
because she had all
the talent and skills the BBC needed to
10
cover
the
difficult international and domestic story of the
rise of of the conditions she
set
for
taking
it
was
equal
pay
with
the
BBC
’
s
other
international
editors
，
familiar
names
including Jon Sopel in
Washington and Jeremy Bowen in the Middle East.
Last summer
，
the
government forced the BBC to publish which of the
familiar names on radio
and
TV
earned
over
￡
150,
results
exposed
an
astonishing
pay
also
showed
Gracie that her employers had misled
her.
Gracie sets out all her efforts to
get her bosses to do what they had
8
originally
promised her
，
but they fail
to respond d
，
they
prevaricate(
搪塞
) and offer
her a pay rise that still
would
not
have
delivered
thought
they
could
buy
her
thought
that
the
reputational hazard she
was running would scare her away from the fight.
The
BBC
is
wrong
this
time!
Gracie
has
chosen
to
design
rather
than
give
in
because
she
thinks
that
it
is
her
responsibility
to
stop
the
BBC
doing
something
is
fighting
for
women
’
s legal
rights.
Gracie said she hoped she
wouldn
’
t be remembered
as the woman who complained about
money
，
but as a
great is proving that they are two sides of the
same invaluable coin.
Carrie
Gracie
’
s
9
dispute
with the
BBC isn
’
t about money
—
it
’
s about
dignity!
语篇解读
文章讲
述了原
BBC
编辑嘉莉
·
格雷西因为同工不同酬而辞职，并为争取平等权利
而斗争。
< br>
1
．
What do you
know about Carrie Gracie?
A
．
She is very
strict with her office colleagues.
B
．
She has a good
command of China
’
s affairs.
C
．
She was working
together with Jon Sopel.
D
．
She has a
reputation of covering sports news.
[
答案
]
B
[
解析
]
<
/p>
细节理解题。根据第一段中的
“
Carr
ie
Gracie
is
knowledgeable
about
China
and
its
affairs.
”
可知，嘉莉
·
格雷西对中国和中国的事务了如指掌。故选
B
。
5
高三英语二轮专题复习
2
．
What does
Carrie Gracie demand of the BBC?
A
．
Equal pay for
equal work.
B
．
Better pay for
more work.
C
．
Apology for
misconducts.
D
．
Response to her
complaint.
[
答案
]
A
[
解析
]
<
/p>
细节理解题。
根据第二段中的
“
One of the conditions she set for taking it
was equal pay
with the
BBC
’
s other international ed
itors
”
可知，她要求同工同酬，故选
A
。
3
．
We can infer
from the passage that the BBC
. <
/p>
A
．
didn
’
t promise Gracie equal pay with her
male colleagues
B
．
dismissed
Carrie Gracie due to her demand for higher pay
C
．
was forced to
pay Gracie equal pay for doing the equal work
D
．
kept the pay of
its familiar names secret before last summer
[
答案
]
D
[
解析
]
<
/p>
推理判断题。
根据第三段中的
“
Last summer
，
the
government forced the BBC to publish
which of the familiar names on radio
and TV earned over
￡
150,000.
”
可知，
直到去年夏天
BBC
才公开了这些人的薪酬，由此可知之前
BBC<
/p>
一直对此保守秘密，故选
D
。
4
．
What is
the author
’
s attitude
towards the BBC?
A
．
Positive.
C
．
3
Critical
.
[
答案
]
C
[
解析
]
<
/p>
观点态度题。通过文章中作者对
BBC
隐
瞒薪酬差距的描述可知，作者对
BBC
是持
批评态度的，故选
C
。
B
(2018·
陕西渭南质检
)
A new study of 8,000 young people in
the Journal of Health and Social Behavior shows
that
although
love
can
make
adults
live
healthily
and
happily
，
it
is
a
bad
thing
for
young
people.
Puppy
love(
早恋
) may bring stress
for young people and can lead to
4
depression
.The
study
shows that girls become more
depressed than boys
，
and
younger girls are the worst of all.
The
possible reason for the connection between love
and higher risk of depression for girls is
“
loss
of
self
”．
According
to
the
study
，
even
though
boys
would
say
“
lose
themselves
in
a
romantic
relationship
”，
this
“
loss of
self
”
is much more likely to
lead to depression when it
6
B
．<
/p>
2
Vague
.
D
．
Cautious.
高三英语二轮专题复习
happens to girls who have romantic
relationships usually like hiding their feelings
and
won
’
t tell
that to their parents.
Dr Marianm
Kaufman
，
an expert on young
people problems
，
says 15% to
20% young people
will have depression
during their romance often causes the advises
kids not to jump into
5
romance
too
growing up
，
it is important
for young people to
build strong
friendships and a strong sense of also suggests
the parents should encourage
their kids
to keep close to their
friends
，
attend more
interesting school activities and spend enough
time with family.
Parents
should watch for signs of
depression
—
eating or mood
changes
—
and if they see
signs
from their daughters or
sons
，
they need to give good
news is that the connection between
romance and depression seems to become
weak with will always make us feel
young
，
but
only
6
maturity
gives
us a chance to avoid its bad side effects.
语篇解读
一项研究显示，尽管恋爱能
让成年人健康、幸福，但是早恋对青少年的伤害是极
大的。早恋会给青少年带来压力，并
最终导致抑郁。
5
．
What
’
s the main idea of
the passage?
A
．
Romance is a
two-edged sword for adults.
B
．
Parents should
forbid their children
’
s
love.
C
．
Romance
is good for young people.
D
．
Puppy love may
bring young people depression.
[
答案
]
D
[
解析
]
<
/p>
主旨大意题。
通读全文，
并根据第一段中
的主旨句
“
Puppy love
(
早恋
) may bring stress
for young people and can lead to depres
sion.
”
可知，
文章主要讲述了早
恋可能导致青少年抑郁。
故选
D
。
6
．
Which
of the following is more likely to have
depression?
A
．
Careless
parents whose children are deep in love.
B
．
Young people
who have a strong sense of selfishness.
C
．
Young girls who
always hide their feelings and opinions.
D
．
Young boys
whose parents watch for their behavior.
[
答案
]
C
[
解析
]
<
/p>
细节理解题。根据第一段末句和第二段最后三句可知，喜欢隐藏自己的感情和观点
的年轻女孩更易得抑郁症。故选
C
。
7
．
What can
be inferred from the passage?
7
高三英语二轮专题复习
A
．
The older a
woman is
，
the less likely she
seems to lose herself in romance.
B
．
Lacking love
can lead young people to grow up more quickly.
C
．
Early love
makes young people keep close to their friends and
parents.
D
．
Parents should
help their children to be aware of signs of
depression.
[
答案
]
A
[
解析
]
<
/p>
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的
“
...
the
connection
between
romance
and
depression
seems to become
weak with will always make us feel
young
，
but only maturity
gives us a
chance to avoid its bad side
effects.
”
可知，随着年龄的增长，恋爱和抑郁之间的
联系会逐渐减
弱，年龄越大，越不容易因恋爱而变得抑郁。故选
A
。
8
．<
/p>
What
’
s the
author
’
s attitude towards
puppy love?
A
．
Confused.
C
．
7
Neutral
.
[
答案
]
B
[
解析
]
观点态度题。根据第一段中的
“
it
is
a
bad
thing
for
young
love
(
早恋
)
may bring stress for young people and
can lead to depression.
”
和第三段
中的
“
Trying romance
often causes the advises kids not to
jump into romance too early.
”
可知，早恋对青
少年的伤害很大，作者不赞成早恋。故选
B<
/p>
。
B
．
Disapproving.
D
．
Scared.
Ⅰ
.
障碍词
汇突破
(
一
)
阅读下列句子，并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思
1
．
The man from a
mountain village is
honest
，
which has earned him
a good reputation nearby.
8