-
四、文章出处或读者对象题
(2019·
全国
Ⅲ
，
D)
Monkeys seem to have a way
with numbers.
A team of researchers
trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26
clearly different symbols
consisting
of
numbers
and
selective
letters
with
0
－
25
drops
of
water
or
juice
as
a
researchers
then tested how the monkeys
combined
—
or
added
—
the symbols to get the
reward.
Here
’
s
how
Harvard
Medical
School
scientist
Margaret
Livingstone
，
who
led
the
team
，
described
the experiment
：
In their
cages the monkeys were provided with touch one
part
of
the
screen
，
a
symbol
would
appear
，
and
on
the
other
side
two
symbols
inside
a
circle
were
example
，
the number 7 would
flash on one side of the screen and the other end
would
have 9 and the monkeys touched
the left side of the screen they would be rewarded
with seven
drops of water or juice; if
they went for the
circle
，
they would be
rewarded with the sum of the
numbers
—
17 in
this example.
After
running
hundreds
of
tests
，
the
researchers
noted
that
the
monkeys
would
go
for
the
higher values more than
half the time
，
indicating
that they were performing a
calculation
，
not just
memorizing the value of each
combination.
When
the
team
examined
the
results
of
the
experiment
more
closely
，
they
noticed
that
the
monkeys tended to
underestimate(
低估
)a sum
compared with a single symbol when the two were
close
in
value
—
sometimes
choosing
，
for
example
，
a
13
over
the
sum
of
8
and
underestimation was
systematic
：
When adding two
numbers
，
the monkeys always
paid attention to
the larger of the
two
，
and then added only a
fraction(
小部分
) of the smaller
number to it.
“
This
indicates
that
there
is
a
certain
way
quantity
is
represented
in
their
brains
，”
Dr
Livingstone
says.
“
But in this experiment
what they
’
re doing is paying
more attention to the big
number than
the little one.
”
语篇解读
本文是一篇说明文。
哈佛医学院科学家
Margaret Livingstone
带领他的团队通过反
复实验得出结论：猴子能算算术，且它们对大数值
的关注胜过小数值。
32
．
What did the
researchers do to the monkeys before testing them?
A
．
They fed them.
B
．
They named
them.
C
．
They
trained them.
D
．
They measured
them.
答案
C
解析
细节理解题。根据第二段首句
“
A
team
of
researchers
trained
three Rhesus
monkeys
to
associate 26 clearly
different symbols consisting of numbers and
selective letters with 0
－
25
drops
of water or juice as a reward.
”
可知答案为
C
。<
/p>
33
．
How
did the monkeys get their reward in the
experiment?
A
．
By
drawing a circle.
B
．
By touching a
screen.
C
．
By
watching videos.
D
．
By mixing two
drinks.
答案
B
解析
细节理解题。根据第三段末句
“
If
the
monkeys
touched
the
left
side
of
the
screen
they
would
be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice; if
they went for the
circle
，
they would be
rewarded with the sum of the
numbers
—
17 in this example.<
/p>
”
可知答案为
B
。
34
．
What did
Livingstone
’
s team find
about the monkeys?
A
．
They could
perform basic addition.
B
．
They could
understand simple words.
C
．
They could
memorize numbers easily.
D
．
They could hold
their attention for long.
答案
A
解析
细
节理解题。根据第四段可知，研究人员在进行了数百次测试后发现，猴子多半时候
会选择
更高的值，这表明它们是在进行计算，而不仅仅是记忆每个组合的值。故选
A
。
35
．
In which
section of a newspaper may this text
appear?
A
．
Entertainment.
C
．
Education.
B
．
Health.
D
．
Science.
答案
D
解析
文章出处题。根据全文可知，本
文讲述了科学家们通过科学实验得出猴子能够算算术
的结论。由此可知，该文章可能出现
在报纸的科学版上。故选
D
。
一、题型解读
几乎所有话题都可能涉及文章出处、文章类别或读者对象题。设问形式常有：
(1)This passage would probably/most
likely be found in
.
(2)The passage is probably taken
from/out of
.
(3)Where does
the text probably come from?
(4)The
passage is probably intended for
.
(5)What type of writing is this
passage?
二、解题技巧
——
内容细节巧判断
1
．
利用内容判断文章出处
(1)
文章前面有日期、地点或通讯社名称→
newspaper
(2)
推销介绍新产品→
advertisement
(3)
文章中有
click
here
等网络用语→
website
(4)
旅游胜地方面的介绍→
travel guide <
/p>
(5)
时尚、名人或娱乐方面的介绍→
m
agazine
/journal/
entertainmen
t section
(6)
科普知识→
science
report
(7)
文化教育类文章→
education section
2
．
利用内容判断文章类别
(1)
旅游景点方面的介绍：
travel guide
(2)<
/p>
新产品
/
新书
/
新影片
/
演出介绍：
< br>advertisement
(3)
活动介绍：
notice/announcement
(4)
< br>文章前面有日期、地点或通讯社名称：
news
(5)
科普知识
/
研究介绍：
science report/
study report
3
．
确定读者对象
先确定文章主题，再根据文章具体细节判断读者对象。
例如：
【
真题感悟】
中第
35
题，
通读整篇文章可知，
该文介绍的是哈佛医学院的科学家
Margaret
Livingstone
带领他的研究团队对猴子进行实验得出的研究结果。
这属于“科学研究”范畴，
故该文应出现在报纸的“科学”板块。故选
< br>D
项。
A
(2019·
湖北十堰模拟
)
You know the feeling that you have left
your phone at home and feel
anxious
，
as if you have
lost your connection to the world.
“
Nomophobia
”
(
无手机恐惧症
)
8
affects
teenagers and adults
can even do an
online test to see if you have
week
，
researchers from Hong
Kong
warned that nomophobia is
infecting study found that people who use their
phones
to
store
，
share and
1
access
personal
memories suffer users were asked to describe how
they felt about their
phones
，
words such as
“
hurt
”
(neck pain was often reported) and
“
alone
”
predicted higher levels of nomophobia.
“
The findings of our study
suggest that users regard smartphones as their
extended selves and
get
2
attached
to the
devices
，”
said Dr Kim Ki
Joon.
“
People experience
feelings of anxiety and
unpleasantness
when
9
separated
from their phones.
”
Meanwhile
，
an American study
shows that
smartphone separation can
lead to an increase in heart rate and blood
pressure.
So
can
being
without
your
phone
really
give
you
separation
anxiety
？
Professor
Mark
Griffiths
，
psychologist and director of the
International Gaming Research Unit at Nottingham
Trent
University
，
says
it is what is on the phone that
4
counts
—
the social
networking that creates Fomo
(fear of
missing out)
．
“
We are talking about an
Internet-
connected device that allows
people to deal with lots of
aspects of
their lives
，”
says
Griffiths.
“
You would have to
surgically remove a phone from a
teenager because their whole life is
rooted in this device.
”
11
Griffiths thinks
attachment theory
，
where we
develop emotional dependency on the phone
because it holds details of our
lives
，
is a small part of
“
screenagers
”，
it is Fomo
that
creates
the
most
separation
they
can
’
t
see
what
’
s
happening
on
Snapchat
or
Instagram
，
they
become panic-
stricken about not knowing
what
’
s going on
socially.
“
But they
adapt very quickly if you take them on
holiday and there
’
s no
Internet
，”
says Griffiths.
语篇解读
本文为说明文。当今社会的
许多人成了手机控，只要手机不在身边就会出现无手
机恐惧症，
会感到焦虑不安，
好像失去了与世界的联系。
这是因为人们把智
能手机当作存储、
分享和访问他人、与朋友联系的一种工具。
1
．
Which of the
following may Dr Kim Ki Joon agree with?
A
．
We waste too
much time on phones.
B
．
Phones have
become part of some users.
C
．
Addiction to
phones makes memories suffer.
D
．
Phones and
blood pressure are closely linked.
答案
B
解析
推理判断题。
< br>根据第一段第二、
三、
四句，
第
二段中的
“
users regard
smartphones as their
extended selves
and get attached to the devices
”
及最后一段第三句可知，现在的手机已成为许
多人生活的一部分了，分析选项可
知
B
项符合题意。
2
．
According to
Griffiths
，
we get nomophobia
because
.
A
．
we are
accustomed to having a phone on us
B
．
we need our
phones to help us store information
C
．
we worry we may
miss out what our friends are doing
D
．
we fear without
phones we will run into a lot of trouble
答案
C
解析
推理判断题。根据第三段最后一
句中的
“
...it
is
what
is
on
the
phone
that
counts
—
the
social networking that creates Fomo
(fear of missing out)
．
”
可知，社交网络让人们害怕错过朋
友们发的东西，担心不知道朋友在做什么
，分析选项可知
C
项正确。
3
．
Where can you
probably find the above passage?
A
．
In a research
report.
B
．
In a
fashion brochure.
C
．
In a science
textbook.
D
．
In a
popular science magazine.
答案
D
解析
文
章出处题。本文主要叙述了当今社会的许多人已成为手机控及他们成为手机控的原
因。有
的人只要手机不在身边就会出现无手机恐惧症，感到焦虑不安，好像失去了与世界的
联系
，这是因为智能手机是人们存储、分享和访问他人、与朋友联系的一种工具。这种文章
一
般会出现在科普杂志上。故选
D
项。
B
(2019·
山东临沂质检
)
If you follow these insider
tips
，
your photos will look
like you had the place to yourself at the
popular tourist attractions.
Vatican
Museums
：
Vatican
City
The Vatican draws more
than five million people each
year
，
and queues can reach
four hours
during
peak
ie
Hudson
，
senior
communications
manager
at
Expedia
，
recommends
choosing a
3
skip
-
the-
< br>line tour.
“
This not only
lets you avoid the ticket
counter
，
but also includes
the use of a private partner
entrance.
”
Extra time to
visit the Sistine Chapel? Yes!
Bamboo F
orest
：
Kyoto
，
Japan
Bamboo Forest is
the most worthy sight in
you
’
re
10
longing
to
enjoy the pathways
and
take
pictures
in
total
quietness
，
Kyoto
Arashiyama
Travel
Guide
recommends
hitting
the
famous Bamboo Grove Path as early in
the morning as
possible
—
think 7
a
．
you
’
re up for
’
t miss these
hidden treasures you can only
5
witness
in
Japan.
Chichen Itza
：
< br>Yucatá
n
，
Mexico
Home to El Castillo and the
Temple of the
Warriors
，
Chichen Itza is a
must-
to beat
the
rush?
Schedule
an
early
tour
that
takes
place
before
a
site
opens
to
the
by
an
archaeologist
guide
，
it
’
s
full
of
fascinating
insights
and
facts
—
without
tons
of
pack-
wearing
tourists.
Louvre Museum
：
Paris
，
Fran
ce
The Louvre is one of the
most popular museums on the
planet.
12
If waiting around
in line to get
in
isn
’
t
the
way
you
prefer
to
spend
your
time
in
Paris
，
consider
6
purchasing
a
7
reserved
will give you entry to the pyramid
within a half-
hour Louvre is also open
until 9
∶
45 pm on
Wednesdays and Fridays
，
if
you
’
re up for some
late-
night art visits.
语篇解读
本文是一则广告。
文章介绍了四个旅游景点，
提供给
“
为赶在高峰之前到达的
游客
”
。
4
．
What is
recommended at Vatican Museums by Christie Hudson?
A
．
Queuing for
four hours.
B
．
Jumping the
waiting line.
C
．
Taking a
skip-
the-
line tour.
D
．
Visiting the
Sistine Chapel.
答案
C
解析
细节理解题。根据
Vatican
Museums
：
Vatican
City
的第一、二句
“
The
Vatican draws
more
than
five
million
people
each
year
，
and
queues
can
reach
four
hours
during
peak
ie
Hudson
，
senior
communications
manager
at
Expedia
，
recommends
choosing
a
skip-
the-
line tou
r.
”
可知答案为
C
< br>。
5
．
Which of the
following are available for early tourists to
avoid the rush?
A
．
Vatican Museums
and Bamboo Forest.
B
．
Chichen Itza
and Bamboo Forest.
C
．
Bamboo Forest
and Louvre Museum.
D
．
Chichen Itza
and Louvre Museum.
答案
B
解析
推理判断题。
根据
Bamboo Fo
rest
：
Kyoto
，
Japan
中的
“
Kyot
o Arashiyama Travel Guide
recommends
hitting
the
famous
Bamboo
Grove
Path
as
early
in
the
morning
as
possib
le
”
和
Chichen Itza<
/p>
：
Yucatá
n
，
Mexico
中的
“
Want to beat the rush? Schedule an early tour
that takes
place before a site opens to
the public.
”
可知选
B<
/p>
。
6
．
Who might this
passage be intended for?
A
．
Visitors
interested in museums.
B
．
Guides at the
tourist attractions.
C
．
People at the
ticket counter.
D
．
Tourists to
beat the rush.
答案
D
解析
读
者对象题。
根据第一段
“
If you
follow these insider
tips
，
your photos will look
like you
had the place to yourself at
the popular tourist attractions.
”
可知，这篇文章可能是写给
“
为赶在
高峰之前到达的游客
”
。故选
D
。
Ⅰ<
/p>
.
障碍词汇突破
(
一
)
阅读下列句子，并根据句意猜
测画线部分的意思
1
．
In some less
developed areas
，
people are
eager to access to medical
care.
使用
2
．
Though far away
from her home
，
she is very
attached to her family and
friends.
依恋
3
．
What percentage
of your classmates regularly skip
breakfast
，
the most important
meal of the
day
？跳过，不做
(
二
)
同义词语替换
4
．
It is
not how much you read but what you read that
s/makes a difference
5
．
She
had
the
gift
of
words
to
help
her
get
through
the
hards
hip
，
heartache
and
major
social
changes she had to witness
6
．
Tablets
are
especially
useful
for
college
students
because
students
can
purchase
e-
books
or
digital(
数字的
)
versions of textbooks and store them all in one
very portable
7
．
A double room
with a balcony overlooking the sea had been
reserved for
(
三
)
一词多义
8
．
affect
v
．影响；使感动；使感染
(1) She was deeply affected by the
story shared by the homeless boy.
v
.
使感动
(2)With official
aid
，
those affected by the
earthquake have moved to the new settlements.
v
.
影响
(3)Diseases affect almost everyone at
some time during their lives.
v
.
使感染
9
．
separate
adj
.
单独的，分开的
v
．分离；区分；隔开
(1)England is separated from France by
the Channel.
v
.
隔开<
/p>
(2)The capacity to think
separates humans from other animals.
v
.
区分
(3)Use separate knives for raw and
cooked meat.
adj
.
单
独的，分开的
(4)As we joined the
big crowd
，
I got separated
from my friends.
v
.
分离