-
后面有练习
最后是练习的答案，包括词汇和难
点解析。都是我一个一个字打上去的
高考考纲中对考生阅读理解部分的要求如下：
（
1
）
理解主旨和要义
（
2
）
理解文中具体信息
（
3
）
根据上
下文推断单词和短语的含义
（
3
）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义
（
4
）理解说话者的
意图、观点和态度
（
5
）理解文章的基本结构
< br>
对应有（
1
）主旨大意题
（
2
）细节与推
理判断题
（
3
）词义猜测提
（
4
）观点态度题
（
5
）
篇章结构题
五种基本的阅读理解题型。
今天我们要讲的就是五种基本题型之一的观点态度题
例一、
[2009
年陕西卷
]―Old
wives’ tales‖ are beliefs passed down from one
generation to another. For
example,
most of us remember our parents’ telling us to eat
more of certain foods or not to do
ce
rtain things.
Is there any
truth in these teachings? Some of them agree with
present medical thinking, but others have not
passed the test of time.
Did
your mother ever tell you to eat your carrots
because they are good for your eyes? Scientists
now
re
port that eating
carrots can help prevent a serious eye disease
called macular degeneration….
Even though science can tell us that
some of our traditional beliefs don’t hold water,
there is still a lot of
truth in the
old wives’ tales. After all, much of
t
his knowledge has been accumulated
from thousands of
years of experience
in family health care. …
54.
What is the author’s attitude toward ―old wives’
tales‖ in the text?
A.
Subjective
B.
Objective
C. Dissatisfied
D. Curious
例二、
The internet
will open up new vistas
(
前景
), create the global
village
—
you can make new
friends all
around the world. That, at
least, is what it promised us. The difficulty is
that it did not take the human mind
into account. The reality is that we
cannot keep relationships with more than a limited
number of people. No
matter how hard
the internet tries to put you in communication,
its best efforts will be defeated by your
mind.
The problem is
twofold
（双重的）
. First, there
is a limit on the number of people we can hold in
mind and
have a meaningful relationship
with. That number is about 150 and is set by the
size of our brain. Second,
the quality
of your relationships depends on the amount of
time you invest
（投入）
in them.
We invest a lot
in a small number of
people and then distribute
what
’
s left among as many
others as we can. The problem is
that
if we invest little time in a person, our
engagement with that person will decline
（
减弱）
until
eventually
it dies into ―someone I once
knew‖.
This is not, of
course, to
say that the internet
doesn’t serve a socially valuable function. Of
course it does.
But the question is not
that it allows you to increase the size of your
social circle to include the rest of the
world, but that you can keep your
relationships with your existing friends going
even though you have to
more to the
other side of the world.
In one sense,
that’s a good thing. But it also has a
disadvantage. If you continue to invest in your
old friends
even though you can no
longer see them, then certainly you
aren’t using your time to make new
friends
where you now live. And I
suspect that probably isn’t the best use of your
time. Meaningful relationships are
about being able to communicate with
each other, face to face. The internet will slow
down the rate with
which relationships
end, but it won’t stop that happening
eventually.
75
、
What is the
author
’
s attitude towards
the use of the internet to strengthen
relationships?
A. He is uncertain about
it.
B. He is hopeful of it.
C. He approves of it.
D. He doubts it.
例三、
This upsets me to no end
because while all the experts are busy debating
about which option is
best,the people
who want to improve their lives are left confused
by all of the conflicting information. The
end result is that we feel like
we can’t focus or that we’re focused on
the wrong things,and so we take less
action, make less progress, and stay
the same when we could be improving.
30
、
What is the
author’s attitude towards the experts mentioned in
Paragraph 3?
nt
ul
tful
tive
引类问题的几种提问方式
(1)What’s the writer’s attitude to
…?
(2)What’s the tone of the
passage?
(3)The author’s
view is _______
(4)The
writer’s attitude of .this passage is apparently
_________
(5)The author’s
opinion could be best
described
as_________
(6)Which of the following
statements would the author be LEAST /MOST likely
to agree with?
(7)Which of the
following statements indicates the author’s
attitude toward ____?
推测作者的写作意图时，
必须要先了解文章的主题，
然后分析作者的论述方法、
论述重点和材料的安
排。
故事类记叙文的目的通常是娱乐读者
；
广告类英文文的目的一般是为了推销产品或者
服务
；议论文的目的是要阐述观点
；科普
、文化类说明文的目的大多是介绍知识，帮助大家广文
博见
。
大家做题之前，应先熟悉在考题中常常出现的表示态度的词汇。
表示客观的词：
objective, impartial,
neutral
（中立的）
，
disi
nterested
无私的
unbiased
没有偏见的
unpreju
diced
公平的，无偏见的
factual
事实的，实际的
informative
提供信息的
主观的
/
偏见的：
subjective, prejudiced, biased, partial
漠不关心：
Indifferent,
uninterested, carefree, detached, unconcerned
困惑、迷茫不知所措的：
confused,
perplexed, puzzled, ambiguous
感情色彩深、程度深：
enthusiastic,
strong, completely, radical
程度较浅，谨慎的：
preserved,
qualified, tempered, guarded
积极意义的
：
positive
肯定的，
积极的
favorable
赞成的，
有利的
consent
赞成，
同意<
/p>
supportive
支持的，
支援的<
/p>
defensive
辩护的，
保卫的
optimistic
乐观的
confid
ent
自信的，
确信的
respect
ful
尊敬的
approval
赞成，
承认
sympathetic
赞成，支持
humorous
幽默的
sober
清醒的
< br>消极意义的：
negative
否定的，
消极的
critical
批评的
sarcastic
（
讽刺的）
wo
rried
焦虑的，
担心的
pessi
mistic
悲观的
apprehensive
忧虑的
opposed
反对的
suspicious
怀疑的
doubtful
可疑的，
不确定的
ironic
说反话
的，讽刺的
disapproval
< br>不赞成
objection
反对，不赞成
opposition
反对
criticism
批评，批判
indignant
气愤的
做观点态度题时要注意：
1.
注意不要把我们自己的好恶态度糅进其中，不要用带有主观倾向的视角评判作者态度。
2.
作者引用别人的观点时，我们勿必分辨清
楚作者引用的观点是作为支持还是反对的例证，要注意区
分作者本人的态度和作者引用的
观点的态度。
3.
有作者观点、态度
是指作者对陈述的观点是赞同、反对还是犹豫不定。对记叙或描写的人、物或事
件等是赞
颂、同情、冷漠、憎恨。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩旺旺隐含在文章的字里行间，或流
露于修饰的词语之中。因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形
容词或者副词如：
fortunately, excessively,
too many
等
练习
一、
You may not have heard of
Ashoka
，
but for the past 27
years
，
this
association
，
founded by Bill
Drayton
，
has fought
poverty
（贫困）
and
sickness
，
promoted education
and encouraged small businesses. To support
these worthy
causes
，
Ashoka provides money
for the world
’s most promising
―changemakers‖ seeking to
solve
（解决）
urgent
problems and would like to create a world in which
every citizen is a changemaker.
75
、
The author’s
attitude towards Ashoka’s program can be described
as
.
ng
ing
us
ve
二、
[2009
年浙江卷
]Four people in
England, back in 1953, stared at photo 51. It
wasn
’
t much
-
–
a picture
showing a black X. But three of these
people won the Nobel Prize for figuring out what
the photo really
showed
—
the shape
of DNA. The discovery brought fame and fortune to
scientists James Watson, Francis
Crick,
and Maurice Willkins. The fourth, the one who
actually made the picture, was left out.
Her name was
Rosalind Franklin. ―if her photo hadn’t been
there, the others couldn’t have come up with
the structure.‖ one reason Franklin was
missing was that she had died
of cancer
four years before the Nobel
decision.
But now scholars doubt that Franklin was not only
robbed of her life by disease but robbed of
credit by her competitions.
…
What she did was produce
X-ray pictures that told Watson and Crick that one
of their early models was
inside out.
And she was not shy about saying so. That angered
Watson, who attacked her in return,‖ …
As Franklin’s competitors, Wilkins,
Watson and Crick had much to gain by cutting her
out of the little group
of
researchers…Watson wrote his book laughing at her.
Crick wrote in 1974 that ―Franklins was only two
steps away from the
solution.‖
No, Franklin was the solution. ―She
contributed more than any other player to solving
the structure of
DNA. She must be
considered a co-discove
rer,‖
…
64. What is the writer’s
attitude toward Wilkins, Watson and
Crick?
A
Disapproving.
B. Respectful. C. Admiring.
D. Doubtful.
三、
[2
009
全国
I
卷
]
We spent about two hours in Nancy, then
sailed on the Canal de la Marne au Rhine. Kind of
a lazy day,
eating breakfast, lunch,
and dinner. After dinner we watched a tape on
Baccarat, where we will visit
tomorrow.
It was pleasant to sit out on deck
(
甲板
) and watch the scenery
go by at about 3 mph.
Today we sailed
from Schneckenbush to Saverne. We went through two
caves, an extremely unusual part of
the
journey. This river scenery is very different. We
were in a mountain valley with grassland on one
side
and a forest beginning to show
some color on the other.
79. What does
the author think of the tour?
A.
Tiring.
B. Expensive.
C. Enjoyable.
D. Quick.
四、
Why do people
take part in such activities as these? Some
psychologists
（心理学家）
suggest
that it is
because life in modern
societies has become safe and boring. Not very
long ago, people's lives were
constantly in danger. They had to go
out and hunt for food, diseases could not easily
be cured and life was a
continuous
battle for survival
（生存）
.
Nowadays, according to many
people, life offers little excitement. They live
and work in comparatively
safe
conditions; they buy food in shops; and there are
doctors and hospitals to look after them if they
become ill. The answer for some of
these people is to look for danger in activities
such as bungee jumping.
The writer of the text has
a ____ attitude towards dangerous sports.
A. positive
（肯定的）
B.
negative
（否定的）
C.
neutral
（中立的）
D. Nervous
五、
Well, I had nothing
against feeling great and if Alex could jog every
day, anyone could. So I took up
jogging
seriously and gave it a good two months of my
life, and not a day more. Based on my experience,
jogging is the most overvalued form of
exercise around. And judging from the number of
the people who
left our neighborhood
jogging army, I'm not alone in my opinion. (2008
年浙江卷
D
篇
)
54. What was the writer’s attitude
towards jogging in the beginning?
A. He felt it was worth a try.
B. He was very fond of it.
C. He was strongly against it.
D. He thought it must be painful.
六、
[2009
年浙江卷
]In ancient Egypt, the
pharaoh(
法老
) treated the poor
message runner like a prince when
he
arrived at the palace, if he brought good news.
However, if the exhausted runner had the
misfortune to
bring the pharaoh unhappy
news, his head was cut off.
Shades of that spirit spread over
today’s conversations. Once a friend and I packed
up some peanut
butter and sandwiches
for an outing. As we walked light-heartedly out
the door, picnic basket in hand, a
smiling neighbor looked up at the sky
and said, ―Oh boy, bad day for a picnic. The
weatherman says it’s
going to rain.‖ I
wanted to strike him on the race with the peanut
butter and sandwiches. Not for his stupid
weather report, for his smile.
It’s not the news that makes someone
angry. It’s the unsympathetic attitude with which
it’s delivered. …
57. In the
writer’s opinion, his neighbor was
________.
A. friendly
B. warm-hearted
C. not considerate
D. not helpful
七、
On the first
day of my visit, we went out with one of my
father's friends for lunch at an outdoor
café
. We
walked along that
afternoon, did some shopping, ate at the street
table, and laughed over my son's funny
facial expressions. Gone was my
father's critical(
挑剔的
) air
and strict rules. Who was this person I knew as
my father, who seemed so friendly and
interesting to be around? What had held him back
before?
(2008
年
全国卷
I
A
篇
)
58. What does
the author think of her father after her visit to
Tucson?
A. More critical.
B. More talkative.
C.
Gentle and friendly.
D. Strict and hard-working.
需要强调的是，
学生在解答作者观点
、
态度和意图题时往往易犯主观臆断、
凭空想象、
随意揣测、
以自己的观点代替作者的观点等错误。因此，要特别注意以下几个
问题：
1.
对于新闻报道，作者往往持中立态度。而对于议论文，作者的态度要么支持，要么反对，带
中立色彩的选项常常是错误的。同时，感情色彩过于强烈的表达也应该排除。
2.
不要加入自己的态度。要注意区
分考察的是作者的态度还是作者引用的别人的态度
3.
当作者的态度没有明确提出时，
要根据作者在文章中所运用的具有褒贬含义的词语去判断作
者的态度，如
wonderfully
，
successfully
，
unfortunately
，
doubtful
等。
4.
注意辨认那些是事实，哪些是观
点，并在此基础上将上下文联系起来分析，最后确认文章所
陈述的内容到底代表了作者的
观点
课后练习：
一、
Autumn means different
things to different
people
．
―It all depends on
your personality
，
‖said
British
naturalist Richard
Mabey
．
―Personality shapes
your view of the season
，
‖he
said
．
―You may see it as a
fading-away
，
a
packing up
（结束）
，
or
as a time of packing in another
sense
—
the exciting gathering
of
resources before a long
journey
．
‖
If this is
true
，
perhaps it tells us a
little about
，
for
instance
，
Thomas
Hood
，
the 19th Century
English
poet
．
About
November
，
he
wrote
：
No
warmth
，
no
cheerfulness
，
no healthful
ease
No shade
，
no
shine
，
no
butterflies
，
no bees
November!
On the other
hand
，
another English poet
John Keats
，
already sensing
he was seriously ill
，
was
inspired
by a late September day to pen
one of the most famous poems in the English
language
，
To
Autumn
．
He
wrote
to a friend afterwards that there was something
comforting and healing about
it
．
According to
Richard Mabey
，
Keats has the
biological evidence on his
side
．
Autumn is not a time of
slowing down
，
but
a time of new beginnings and great movements of
creatures
．
For
example
，
just at the
moment that Keats’s ―gathering
swallows‖
（
in To
Autumn
）
are departing for
Africa
，
millions of creatures
are
fleeing from the frozen north like
Iceland
，
Greenland and Russia
to winter along the east and south coasts of
Britain
．
According
to scientists
，
before
falling
，
the leaves transfer
their chlorophyll
（叶绿素）
and
carbohydrates into the woody parts of
the tree for safe keeping over
winter
．
What remains is the
natural
antioxidants
（
防老剂）
in the
leaves
：
the yellow and orange
carotenoids
（
类胡萝卜素）
，
and another protective
chemical specially produced for
autumn
，
the bright-red
anthocyanin
（花青素）．
High color
is not a signal
of
deterioration
（退化）
and
decline
，
but of
detox
（排毒的）
ability and good
health
．
A century
after Keats
，
the American
poet Loren Eiseley wrote in his
journal
：
―
Suppose
we saw ourselves
burning like maples in
a golden autumn
．
And that we
could break up like autumn leaves
．
．
．
dropping their
substance like
chlorophyll
．
Would not our
attitude towards death be different?‖
1
、
From Thomas
Hood
’
s
poem
，
we may infer that
______
．
suffered
a lot from cold November
missed the
shining summer days very much
had a
negative attitude towards autumn
enjoyed butterflies and bees very much
2
、
In
autumn
，
leaves turn yellow
before falling because
______
．
can’t
bear the freezing
can’t get
enough water from the wood part
phyll and carbohydrates have been lost
through leaves
phyll and carbohydrates
have come back to the wood part
3
、
From the
passage we can learn that
______
．
has
different faces in different people’s
eyes
Keats was a good
biologist as well as a poet
creatures
move from the cold north to Britain for winter
three poets were only known for their
poems about autumn
4
、
Which word can
best describe
Loren Eiseley’s attitude
towards autumn?
l
．
stic
．
ul
．
tic
．
5
、
What does the
underlined sentence mean?
can never
live long
，
just as leaves
must leave the tree
annually
．
is
different from autumn
leaves
，
which will come again
the next spring
．
should have a positive attitude towards
death
，
quite different from
autumn leaves
．
should treat death
calmly
，
just as autumn leaves
fall to the ground
．
二、
When I was
young I wanted to be a
model
，
so when a national
contest was staged
，
I
convinced my
parents to take me for an
audition
（试演）
．
I
was selected and told I had
potential
．
They said that for
only
$$900 I could attend a weekend
event which dozens of the most
prestigious
（有声望的）
modeling
agencies
from around the world would
attend
．
At
13
，
my hopes of fame and
fortune clouded all judgment and I
begged my parents to let me
go
．
We have never been
rich
，
but they saw my
enthusiasm and agreed
．
I imagined being signed by some famous
model companies
．
For
months
，
any boredom or
disappointment
I faced was pushed aside
because I knew 1 would soon have the chance to be
a real model
．
I thought I
would
grace the covers of famous
magazines!
Of
course
，
1 wasn’t
signed
，
but what hurt the
mo
st was being told that if I grew to
5′9″
（
about 1.75
metres
）
I could be
a success
．
I prayed for a
growth spurt
（冲刺）
because I
could not imagine giving up my
dream
．
I made an
appointment with a local modeling agency and the
agent demanded $$500 for
classes
，
$$500
for
a photo shoot
，
and $$300 for
other expenses
．
My parents
only agreed after hours and hours of my
begging
．
The
agency sent me out on a few
auditions
，
but with every day
I didn’t receive a call
，
I
grew more
depressed
．
The
final straw came in July after I had decided to
focus on commercial
modeling
．
There was an
open call in New York
City
．
We spent hours driving
and another few hours
waiting
，
only to be told that
1
was too short
．
I
was devastated
（极度不安的）．
Years later
，
I
realized that the trip to New York was good as it
made me notice I didn’t actually love
modeling
，
just the
idea of it
．
I wanted to be
special and I was innocently determined to reach
an impossible
goal
．
The
experience has made me stronger and that will help
me in the future
．
1
、
What’s the main
reason why t
he author wanted to be a
model?
won a national
contest
．
wanted
to get reputation and
wealth
．
was
urged by some modeling
agencies
．
had
full potential to be a successful
model
．
2
、
What
’
s the
author
’
s
parents
’
attitude toward her
dream?
aging
．
d
．
ul
．
iastic
．
3
、
What was it
that made the author end her attempt to become a
model?
parents were strongly against
it
．
realized
that it was impossible for
her
．
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
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