-
新视野大学英语第三册课文翻译
Unit1 A
My
brother,
Jimmy,
did
not
get
enough oxygen
during
a difficult
delivery,
leaving
him
with
brain
damage,
and
two
years
later
I
was
born.
Since
then,
my
life
revolved
around
my
brother
’
s. Accompanying my
growing up was always
“
go
out and play and take your
brother with
you
”
. I
couldn
’
t go anywhere without
him, so I urged the neighborhood
kids
to come to my house for some out-of-control kid-
centered fun
我哥哥吉米出生时遇上难产，因为缺氧导致大脑受损。两年
后，我出生了
.
从此以后，我的生活
便
围绕我哥哥转。伴随我成长的，是“到外面去玩，把你哥哥也带上。”不带上他，我是哪里
也去不了的。因此，我怂恿邻居的孩子到我家来，尽情地玩孩子们玩的游戏。
My mother taught Jimmy practical things
like how to brush his teeth or put on belt.
My
father,
a
saint,
simply
held
the
house
together
with
his
patience
and
understanding.
I was in
charge outside where I administered justice by
tracking down the parents of
the kids
who picked on my brother, and telling on them.
我母亲教吉米学习日常自理，
比如刷牙或系皮带什么的
.
我父亲宅心仁厚，
他的耐心和理解使一
家人心贴着心。我则负责外面的事，找到那些欺负我哥哥的孩子们的父母，告他们的状，为我
哥哥讨回公道。
My father and
Jimmy were inseparable. They ate breakfast
together and on weekdays
drove off to
the navy shipping center every morning where they
both worked-Jimmy
unloaded
color-coded
boxes.
At
night
after
dinner,
they
would
talk
and
play
games
late
into the evening. They even whistled
the same tunes.
父亲和吉米形影不离。他们一道吃早饭，平时每天早
上一道开车去海军航运中心，他们都在那
里工作，吉米在那搬卸标有彩色代号的箱子。晚
饭后，他们一道交谈，玩游戏，直到深夜。他
们甚至用口哨吹相同的曲调。
So
when
my
father
died
of
a
heart
attack
in
1991,
Jimmy
was
a
wreck,
beneath
his
careful
disguise. He was
simply in disbelief. Usually very agreeable, he
now quit speaking
altogether and no
amount of words could penetrate the vacant
expression he wore on
his face. I hired
someone to live with him and drive him to work,
but no matter how
much I tried to make
things stay the same, even Jimmy grasped that the
world he
’
d
known
was gone. One day I asked,
”
You miss Dad,
don
’
t
you?
”
His lips quivered and
then
he
asked,
“
What
do
you
think,
Margaret?
He
was
my
best
friend.
”
Our
tears
began
flow.
所以，父亲
1991
年因心脏病去世时，吉米几乎崩溃了，尽管他尽量不表现出来。他就是不能相
信父亲去世这一事实。通常，他是一个令人愉快的人，现在却一言不发，无论说多少话都不能
透过他木然的脸部表情了解他的心事。我雇了一个人和他住在一起，开车送他去上班。然而，
不管我怎么努力地维持原状，吉米还是认为他熟悉的世界已经消失了。有一天，我问他：“你<
/p>
是不是想念爸爸？”他的嘴唇颤抖了几下，然后问我：“你怎么看，玛格丽特？他是我最好
的
朋友。”接着，我俩都流下了眼泪。
My
mother
died
of
lung
cancer
six
months
later
and
I
alone
was
left
to
look
after
Jimmy.
六个月后，母亲因肺癌去世，剩下我一人来照顾吉米。
He didn
’
t adjust
to going to work without my father right away, so
he came and lived
with me in New York
City for a while. He went wherever I went and
seemed to adjust
pretty well. Still,
Jimmy longed to live in my
parent
s’
house and work at
his old
job and I pledged to help him
return. Eventually, I was able to work it out. He
has
lived there for 11 years now with
many different caretakers and blossomed on his
own.
He has become essential to the
neighborhood. When you have any mail to be picked
up
or your dog needs walking, he is
your man.
吉米不能马上适应去上班时没有父亲陪着，因此搬来纽约和我一起
住了一段时间。我走到哪里
他就跟到哪里，
他好像适应得很好。
但吉米依然想住在我父母的房子里，
继续干他原来的工作。
我答应把他送回去。此事最后做成了。如今，他在那里生活了
11<
/p>
年，在许多人的照料下，同时
依靠自己生活得有声有色。
他已成了邻里间不可或缺的人物。
如果你有邮件要收，
< br>或有狗要遛，
他就是你所要的人。
My mother was right, of course: It was
possible to have a home with room for both his
limitations and my ambitions. In fact,
caring for someone who loves as deeply and
appreciates my efforts as much as Jimmy
does has enriched my life more than anything
else ever could have.
当然，母亲的
话没错：可以有一个家，既能容纳他的缺陷又能装下我的雄心。事实上，关照像
吉米这样
一个深爱又感激我的人，更加丰富了我的生活，其他任何东西都不能与之相比。
This hit home a few days after the
September 11th disaster on
Jimmy
’
s 57th birthday.
I had a party for him in my home in New
York, but none of our family could join us
because travel was difficult and they
were still reckoning with the sheer terror the
disaster
had
brought.
I
called
on
my
faithful
friends
to
help
make
it
a
merry
and
festive
occasion,
ignoring
the
fact
that
most
of
them
were
emotionally
drained
and
exhausted.
Instead of the
customary
“
No gifts,
please
”
, I shouted,
“
Gifts!
Please!
”
这一点，在
9?11
灾难后几天更显真切。那天是吉米
5
7
岁生日。我在纽约自己的家里为他举办
生日宴会，但是我们家
的人都没能来参加，因为交通困难，而且灾难带来的恐惧使他们依然心
有余悸。我邀请了
我的好友，请他们来帮忙把宴会弄得热闹些，增加点欢快气氛，没去理会他
们多数人在情
感上都有些疲惫这一事实。于是我一反常态，没说“请不要带礼物”，而是向他
们喊“请
带礼物来”。
My friends-people
Jimmy had come to know over the years-brought the
ideal presents:
country music CDs, a
sweatshirt, one leather belt with
“
J-I-M-
M-Y
”
on it, a knitted
wool hat and a cowboy costume. The
evening led up to the gifts and then the chocolate
cake from his favorite bakery, and of
course the ceremony wasn
’
t
complete without
the singing.
我的朋友──吉米认识他们多年了──带来了中意的礼物：乡村音乐
CD
、一件长袖运动衫、一
条有“吉米”字样的皮带、一顶编织的羊毛帽，还有
一套牛仔服。那天晚上，我们先是送礼物，
然后是切从他喜欢的面包店里买来的巧克力蛋
糕，当然还唱了“生日歌”，否则宴会就不算完
整了。
A thousand times Jimmy asked,
”
Is it time for the cake
yet?
”
After dinner and the
gifts Jimmy could no longer be
restrained. He anxiously waited for the candles to
be
lit and then blew them out with one
long breath as well all sang
“
Happy
birthday
”
.
Jimmy
wasn
’
t satisfied with our
effort, though. He jumped up on the chair and
stood
erect
pointing
both
index
fingers
into
the
air
to
conduct
us
and
yelled,
”
One
…
mor
e
…
time!
”
We
sang
with
all
of
the
energy
left
in
our
souls
and
when
we were finished he put
both his thumbs up and shouted.
“
That was
super!
”
吉米一次次地问：“
该切蛋糕了吧？”等用完餐和送完礼物后，吉米再也控制不住了。他焦急
地等着点上蜡烛
，然后在我们“生日快乐”的歌声中，一口长气吹灭了蜡烛。户然而吉米对我
们的努力还
是感到不满足。他纵身跳到椅子上，直挺着身子，双手食指朝天，一边喊一边指挥
我们唱
歌：“再──来──次！”我们全力以赴地唱。待我们唱完时，他翘起两个拇指喊道：
“
好极了！”
We had wanted to let
him know that no matter how difficult things got
in the world,
there would always be
people who cared about him. We ended up reminding
ourselves
instead. For Jimmy, the love
with which we sang was a welcome bonus, but mostly
he
had just wanted to see everyone else
happy again.
本来我们想让他知道，无论世上有多难的事情，总是有人来
关心他。现在反倒是提醒了我们自
己。对于吉米来说，我们唱歌时的爱心，是他心中额外
的礼物，但是他原先更想看到的，是别
人再次感到快乐。
Just
as
my
father
’
s
death
had
changed
Jimmy
’
s
world
overnight,
September
11th
changed
our lives; the world
we
’
d known was gone. But, as
we sang for Jimmy and held each
tight
afterward
praying
for
peace
around
the
world,
we
were
reminded
that
the
constant
love and support of our friends and
family would get us through whatever life might
present. The simplicity with which
Jimmy had reconciled everything for us should not
have been surprising. There had never
been limitations to what
Jimmy
’
s love could
accomplish.
有如父亲的去世一夜之间改变了吉米
的世界，
9?11
也改变了我们的生活；我们熟悉的世界不复<
/p>
存在了。但是，当我们为吉米唱歌，相互紧拥，祈祷全球和平时，我们也意识到，朋友、家
人
间永恒的爱和支持可以让我们克服生活中的任何困难。吉米以朴素的方式为我们协调了
眼前的
一切，他做到这一点并不令人吃惊。吉米的爱可以征服一切，这是任何东西都限制
不了的。
Unit2 A
Sports medicine experts have observed
for years that endurance athletes,
particularly females, frequently have
iron deficiencies. Now a new study by a team
of Purdue University researchers
suggests that even moderate exercise may lead to
reduced iron in the blood of women.
运动医学专家经过多年的观察，发现耐力运动员，特别是女性，经常会缺铁。普渡大学研究人<
/p>
员进行的一项新的研究表明：即使是适度的锻炼，也可能会降低女性血液中的铁含量。
found
that
women
who
were
normally
inactive
and
then
started
a
program
of
moderate
exercise showed evidence of iron
loss,
at Purdue. Her study of 62
formerly inactive women who began exercising three
times
a week for six months was
published in the journal Medicine & Science in
Sports &
Exercise.
“我们发现，那些通
常不运动的女性一旦开始适度的锻炼，就会出现铁含量下降的迹象，”
普渡大学罗斯安妮
?M.
莱尔副教授说。
她对
62
名妇女进行了研究，
并将研究结果发表在<
/p>
《体育
运动医学与科学》杂志上。这些妇女原先不怎么运动，后来
开始了为期
6
个月、每周
3
次的锻
炼。
back,
decrease in
iron levels.
莱尔指出：“那些增食肉类食品或服用铁质补剂的女性能够恢
复到健康状态。但突然参加锻炼
却仍沿用旧食谱的人则显示出铁含量降低。”
Iron
deficiency is
very
common
among
women
in
general,
affecting
one in
four
female
teenagers and one in five women aged 18
to 45, respectively. But the ratio is even
greater among active women, affecting
up to 80 percent of female endurance athletes.
This means, Lyle says, that
Women of child-bearing age are at
greatest risk, since their monthly bleeding is a
major source of iron loss. Plus, many
health-conscious women increase their risk by
rejecting red
meat,
which
contains
the
most
easily
absorbed
form
of
iron.
And
because
women often restrict their diet in an
effort to control weight, they may not consume
enough iron-rich food, and are liable
to experience a deficiency.
缺铁在女性中是很常见的
，每四个十几岁的少女中有一人缺铁，每五个
18
至
45
岁的女性中有
一人缺铁。而在积极锻炼的妇女
中这一比例更高，女耐力运动员中，缺铁者比例则高达
80%
。
莱尔说，
这意味着
“太多女性忽视了自己摄入的铁含量”。
育龄女性危险最大，
因为月经是
铁流失的重要原因之一。此
外，许多保健意识太强的女性也很危险，因为她们拒绝食用牛肉或
羊肉，而这些肉中含有
的铁最易被吸收。而且，由于女性常常为了控制体重而节食，从而未能
摄取足够的含铁丰
富的食物，结果可能导致缺铁。
iron,
additional
iron loss from exercise may be enough to tip her
over the edge into a more
serious defic
iency,
另一名专家指出，“普通女性每天摄入的铁只是应摄入量的三分之二。”<
/p>
他指出，“对于那
些已经缺铁的女性，
任何因锻炼而产生的更多铁质流失都足以导致体内缺铁状况的恶化。”运
动可能通过多种
机制导致铁流失。
Exercise can result
in iron loss through a variety of mechanisms. Some
iron is lost
in
sweat,
and,
for
unknown
reasons,
intense
endurance
exercise
is
sometimes
associated
with
bleeding
of
the
digestive
system.
Athletes
in
high-
impact
sports
such
as
running
may
also lose iron through a phenomenon where small
blood vessels in the feet leak
blood. <
/p>
有些铁随汗液流失。另外，由于某些未知的原因，高强度的耐力运动有时会引起消化系统内
出
血。运动员从事跑步之类高强度剧烈运动，也可能会因为足部血管失血的现象而使铁质
流失。
There are three stages
of iron deficiency. The first and most common is
having low
iron
reserves,
a
condition
that
typically
has
no
symptoms.
Fatigue
and
poor
performance
may
begin
to
appear
in
the
second
stage
of
deficiency,
when
not
enough
iron
is
present
to
form the molecules of blood protein that transport
oxygen to the working muscles.
In the
third and final stage, people often feel weak,
tired, and out of breath
—
and
exercise performance is severely
compromised.
缺铁分为三个阶段：
第一也即最常见的阶段，是铁质储量不足。这一阶段一般没有症状。
到了缺铁的第二阶段，
就会出现疲倦和力不从心，
< br>此时体内已没有足够的铁来形成血蛋白分子，
将氧输至运动肌肉。在第三即最后阶
段，人常常感到虚弱、疲乏无力、喘不过气，运动成绩大
打折扣。
not true,
3
until your iron reserves go to zero, and if you
wait until that point, you're in
troubl
e.
“人们认为，
只要不到第三阶段就不会有什么问题。
这种想法是不对的。
”
帮助设计普渡大学
研究的约翰
?L.
比尔德说。“只有当你的铁储量为零时，你才会进入第三阶段。而你若坐等到
这个时候，
你的麻烦就大了。”
However,
most
people
with
low
iron
reserves
don't
know
they
have
a
deficiency,
because
traditional methods of calculating the
amount of iron in blood (by checking levels
of
the
blood
protein
that
transports
oxygen)
are
not
sufficient,
Beard
states.
Instead,
it's important to check levels of a
different compound, which indicates the amount
of
storage
of
iron
in
the
blood.
While
active,
child-bearing
age
women
are
most
likely
to
have low iron stores, he notes,
meat
and have a high level of physical
activity.
long
distance
runners
have
low
iron
stores.)
Beard
and
other
experts
say
it's
advisable
for people in
these groups to have a yearly blood test to check
blood iron reserves.
然而，比尔德指出，大多数铁质储量低的
人并未意识到自己缺铁，因为传统的检测血液中铁含
量的方法──检验血液中输送氧气的
血蛋白的含量──是不够的。其实，有必要检查血液中另
一种混合成分的含量，它可以显
示血液中的铁含量。他还指出，虽然积极锻炼的育龄妇女最有
可能铁含量低，“但男性也
并非不缺铁，尤其是在他们不吃肉类而又从事高强度的体力活动的
情况下。”
（估计有
15%
的男性
长跑运动员铁含量低。
）比尔德和其他专家都说，对这些人而
言
，最好每年验一次血，以测定血液中的铁含量。
If
iron levels are low, talk with a physician to see
if the deficiency should be
corrected
by modifying your diet or by taking supplements.
In general, it's better
to
undo
the
problem
by
adding
more
iron-rich
foods
to
the
diet,
because
iron
supplements
can have serious
shortcomings. Supplements may produce a feeling of
wanting to throw
up,
and
may
be
poisonous
in
some
cases.
The
best
sources
of
iron,
and
the
only
sources
of the form of iron most readily
absorbed by the body, are meat, chicken, and fish.
Good sources of other forms of iron
include dates, beans, and some leafy green
vegetables.
如果铁含量低，就要去看医生，以
确定是否该通过调整饮食或服用铁质补剂来校正不足。一般
说来，
解决问题的最好方法是在食谱中增加含铁丰富的食物，
因为铁质补剂可能存在严重缺陷
。
“服用铁质补剂可能使人想呕吐，有时甚至还会引起中毒。最好的铁来源，以及唯一最
易为身
体所吸收的铁来源，
是肉、
鸡和
鱼。
其他较好的铁质来源包括枣、
豆类和一些多叶绿色蔬菜。<
/p>
”
diet
expert
Nancy
Clark.
added
iron
supplements
the
small
amount
that
naturally
occurs
in
grains.
Eat
these
foods
with
plentiful
Vitamin
C
(for
example,
drink
orange
juice
with
cereal
or
put
a
tomato
on
a
sandwich)
to
enhance
the
amount
of
iron
absorbed.
Clark
also
recommends
cooking
in
iron
pans,
as
food
can
derive
iron
from
the
pan
during
the
cooking
process.
iron
content
of
tomato
sauce
cooked
in
an
iron
pot
for
three
hours showed a
striking increase, the level going up nearly 30
times,
And people who are likely to have
low iron should avoid drinking coffee or tea with
meals,
she
says,
since
substances
in
these
drinks
can
interfere
with
iron
being
absorbed
into the body.
“选择那些标有‘加铁’字样的面包和麦片，” 运动营养专家南希
?
克拉克写道，“这些增加
的铁质补充了谷物中自然含铁量
的不足。将这些食物与含有大量维生素
C
的食物一起食用──<
/p>
比如吃麦片时喝橘子汁，或在三明治内夹上番茄──可以促进铁质吸收。”
克拉克还建议用
铁锅烹食，因为烹调过程中食物能从
铁锅中吸收铁质。她写道，“在铁锅内烹煮了
3
个小时的
番茄汁，其铁含量大大提高，增加到原来的
30
倍左右。” 她说，铁含量可能低的人，吃饭时
应避免喝咖啡或饮茶，因为这些饮料中
所含的物质会妨碍身体对铁质的吸收。
women
need
to
be
a
lot
more
careful
about
their
food
choices,
sums
up
Purdue's
Lyle.
remedy the deficiency before it really
becomes a problem.
“运动女性应特别注意选择饮食。”普渡大学的
莱尔总结说：“如果你在铁含量流失之前就注
意到了警告信号，你就可以在它真正成为问
题之前弥补铁质的不足。”
Unit5 A
I have never seen
Mrs. Clark before, but I know from her medical
chart and the report
I received from
the preceding shift that tonight she will die.
我从未见过克拉克夫人，但看过她的医疗记录和上一位值班医生交给我的报告后，我知道她今<
/p>
晚会去世。
The
only
light
in
her
room
is
coming
from
a
piece
of
medical
equipment,
which
is
flashing
its
red light as if in warning. As I stand there, the
smell hits my nose, and I close
my eyes
as I remember the smell of decay from past
experience. In my mouth I have a
sour,
vinegar taste coming from the pit of my stomach. I
reach for the light switch,
and as it
silently lights the scene, I return to the bed to
observe the patient with
an
unemotional, medical eye.
她屋里唯一的光线来自一台医
疗设备，它闪着红光，似乎在发出警告。我站在那里，一股怪味
刺激着我的鼻子，我想起
了过去闻到过的腐烂的气味，我闭上了眼睛。我嘴里有一股从胃里返
上来的酸味。我伸手
去开灯。灯静静地照亮了整个病房，我走回病床边，用无动于衷的、医生
的目光观察着病
人。
Mrs.
Clark
is
dying.
She
lies
motionless:
the
head
seems
unusually
large
on
a
skeleton
body;
the
skin
is
dark
yellow
and
hangs
loosely
around
exaggerated
bones
that
not
even
a blanket can hide; the
right arm lies straight out at the side, taped
cruelly to a
board to secure a needle
so that fluid may drip in;the left arm is across
the sunken
chest, which rises and falls
with the uneven breaths.
克拉克夫人已奄奄一息了。她一
动不动地躺着：骨瘦如柴的身体使她的头显得特别大；皮肤呈
暗黄色，松松地裹在嶙峋的
、连毛毯也遮掩不住的骨骼上；她的右臂平伸在床边，被无情地用
胶带固定在一块板上，
以便能固定针头使液体滴入；左臂横放在深陷的胸部，胸口随着不均匀
的呼吸一起一伏。
I reach for the long, thin
fingers that are lying on the chest. They are ice
cold,
and I quickly move to the wrist
and feel for the faint pulse. Mrs. Clark's eyes
open
somewhat as her head turns toward
me slightly. I bend close to her and scarcely hear
as
she
whispers,
Taking
a
glass
of
water
from
the
table,
I
put
my
finger
over
the
end
of
the
straw
and
allow
a
few
drops
of
the
cool
moisture
to
slide
into
her
mouth
and ease her thirst. She makes no
attempt to swallow; there is just not enough
strength.
manage to swallow
some liquid and weakly says,
我伸手去触摸她放在胸
口的细长手指。冰凉冰凉的。我忙将手移到她的手腕，去感觉那微弱的
脉搏。
克拉克夫人将头稍稍转向我，
微微地睁开眼。
我俯
过身去，
勉强听见她微弱的声音：
“水。
”
我从桌上拿起一杯水，用手指封着吸管的一端，滴了几滴凉凉的水到她的嘴里，以缓
解她的干
渴。她没有用力去吞咽，因为力气不够。“还要，”那干涩的声音说。于是我们
又重复了一次。
这次她终于咽了一些，并轻轻说了声：“谢谢，你。”
< br>
She
is
too
weak
for
conversation,
so
without
asking,
I
go
about
providing
for
her
needs.
Picking her up in my
arms like a child, I turn her on her side. Naked,
except for a
light hospital gown, she
is so verysmall and light that she seems like a
victim of
some terrible famine. I
remove the lid from a jar of skin cream and put
some on the
palm of my hand. Carefully,
to avoid injuring her, I rub cream into the yellow
skin,
which rolls freely over the
bones, feeling perfectly the outline of each bone
in the
g a pillow between her legs, I
notice that these too are ice cold, and not
until
I
run
my
hand
up
over
her
knees
do
I
feel
any
of
the
life-giving
warmth
of
blood.
她虚弱得没法交
谈，因此没等她要求，我就开始做她所需要的。我像抱孩子似的把她抱起来，
给她翻了个
身。除了一件浅色的病号服，她什么也没穿。她又小又轻，像遭受了严重饥荒一样。
我打
开护肤霜的瓶盖，揩了一些在手心。为了不伤着她，我小心翼翼地把护肤霜擦在她发黄的
皮肤上。她的皮肤松松地在骨头上滑动，背上每块骨头的轮廓都能清楚地摸到。当我把枕头放
在她两腿之间时，发现它们也是冰凉的，直到把手移到她膝盖以上的部位，我才感受到血液供
给生命的热度。
When I am
finished, I pull a chair up beside the bed to face
her and, taking her free
hand
betweenmine, again notice the long, thin fingers.
Graceful. I wonder briefly if
she has
any family, and then I see that there are neither
flowers, nor pictures of
rainbows and
butterflies drawn by children, nor is no hint in
the room
anywhere
that
this
is
a
person
who
is
loved.
As
though
she
is
a
mind
reader,
Mrs.
Clark
answers my thoughts
and quietly tells me,
tonight
...didn't
want
...
them
...
to
see
...
Having
spent
her
last
ounce
of
strength
she
cannot go on, but I have understood what she has
done. Not knowing what to say,
I say
noth
ing. Again she seems to sense
mythoughts,
而后，我挪了把椅子面朝她坐在床
边，握住她那只没被固定的手，此时我又一次注意到她细长
的手指。很优雅。一时间，我
突然想知道她是否有家庭，接着我发现病房里没有花，没有孩子
们画的彩虹和蝴蝶，也没
有卡片。房间中没有任何迹象表明她是一个被人爱着的人。
她
似乎读懂了我的心思，平静地回答我说：“今天…我让…家里人…都…回家…不想…他们…
看见”她耗尽了最后的那点力气，再也说不下去了。但我已然明白她做了些什么。我不知道说
< br>什么好，所以什么也没说。她好像又看穿了我的心思：“你…留下…”
Time seems to stand still. In the total
silence, I feel my own pulse quicken and hear
my breathing as it begins to match
hers, breath for uneven breath. Our eyes meet and
somehow, together, we become aware that
this is a special moment between two human
beings
.Her
long
fingers
curl
easily
around
my
hand
and
I
nod
my
head
slowly,
smiling.
Without
words,
through
yellowed
eyes,
I
receive
my
thank
you
and
her
eyes
slowly
close.
时间似
乎停滞了。在一片寂静中，我感觉自己的脉搏加快了，我听到自己的呼吸开始伴随着她
那
不均匀的呼吸一起一落。我们互相对视，不知怎么的，我们都意识到，这是两个生命间的一
个特殊时刻。她那细长的手指很轻易地就拢住了我的手，我微笑着慢慢点了点头。无需任何语
< br>言，我从她发黄的眼睛中感受到了她对我的谢意，她慢慢闭上了眼睛。
Some unknown interval of time passes
before her eyes open again, only this time there
is no response in them, just a blank
stare. Without warning, her shallow breathing
stops, and within a few moments,the
faint pulse is also gone. One single tear flows
from her left eye, across the cheek and
down onto the pillow. I begin to cry quietly.
There is a swell of emotion within me
for this stranger who so quicklycame into and
went from my suffering is done, yet so
is the life. Slowly, still holding
her
hand, I become aware that I do not mind this
emotional battle, that in fact, it
was
a
privilege
she
has
allowed
me,
and
I
would
do
it
again,
gladly.
Mrs.
Clark
spared
her
family
an
episode
that
perhaps
they
were
not
equipped
to
handle
and
instead
shared
it
with me. She had not wanted to have her family see
her die,yet she did not want
to die
alone. No one should die alone, and I am glad I
was there for her.
不知过了
多长时间，她
又睁开了双眼，只是这一次目光里没有任何反应，只有空洞的凝视。没有一点先
兆，她那
细弱的呼吸停止了。很快，微弱的脉搏也消失了。一颗泪珠从她的左眼中流出，滑过
脸颊
，落在枕上。我开始轻声哭泣。对这位迅速走进又走出我生活的陌生人，我心间涌起了一
股感情。她的痛苦结束了，可她的生命也结束了。我依然握着她的手，渐渐地，我意识到我并
不害怕这种感情之战，意识到这实际是她赐予我的特殊荣幸，而且我还乐意再来一次。克拉克
夫人没有让她的家人目睹这一幕他们或许无力面对的人生插曲，却与我分享了它。她不想让家
人看着她死去，
然而她也不愿孤独地离去。
不应当
有人孤独离去的，
我很高兴能守候在她身边。
两天后，我在报上读到了克拉克夫人的消息。
Two days later, I read about Mrs. Clark
in the newspaper. She was the mother of
seven,grandmother of eighteen, an
active member of her church, a leader of volunteer
associations in her community, a
concert piano player, and a piano teacher for over
thirty , they were long and graceful
fingers.
原来她是
7
个孩子
的母亲、
18
个孩子的祖母、教会里的活跃分子、社区志愿者协
会的领导人、
音乐会钢琴演奏家、从教
30
余年的钢琴教师。
是啊，她的手指是那样细长而优雅。
Unit7 A
When
I
was
19,
I
caught
sight
of
the
future
and
based
my
career
on
what
I
saw.
I
turned
out to have been
right.
—
Bill Gates
“我
19
岁看到了未来，并将我的所见当作我事业的基点，
结果证明我是对的。”──比尔
?
盖
茨
He's
the
most
famous
businessman
and
the
richest
man
in
the
world
—
worth
an estimated
$$40 billion in
1997.
他是当今世上最著名的商人、最有钱的富豪──1997
< br>年他的资产预计
为
400
亿美元
。
Without
a
doubt,
Bill
Gates
belongs
in
the
same
class
as
Thomas
Edison,
Alexander
Graham
Bell, and other great minds who changed
the world.
毫无疑问，
他与托马斯
?
爱迪生、
亚历山大
?
格雷厄姆
?
贝尔以及其他改变世界的伟人属
于同一行
列。
The
self-described
has
dominated
the
personal
computing
revolution
and
modernizedthe whole
world in the process..
这个自称为“黑客”的人主导着个人计
算机革
命，并在这一过程中使整个世界现代化
.
Indeed, his classification into any
other rank than this would seriously understate
his impact on the world
的确，将他
划入任何其他行列，都可能大大淡化他对世界的影响。
Gates' success stems from his
personality: an unbelievable and at times
frightening
blend of high-voltage
brilliance, drive and competitiveness. When the
chairman and
CEO walks through the
corridors of Microsoft, it is like a switch being
turned on;
everything
and
everyone
around
him
is
charged
with
10,000
volts
of
electricity.
Gates
sets the example and
Microsoft employees follow. The schedule he keeps
is one hint
as to what he expects from
his employees. It's not unusual for the
盖茨的成功源自他的人格：他才华横溢、冲劲十足、争强好胜，这些加在一起令人难以
置信，
有时甚至令人畏惧。当这位董事长兼首席执行官走过微软大楼的走廊时，他身边的
人和物就像
被打开了电源，充了一万伏电。盖茨树立了榜样，微软的员工紧随其后。他的
工作安排暗示着
他对员工的期待。这位“微软校园”的“校长”经常每天工作
16
小时。
Indeed, if there's one thing that
distinguishes the Gates style, it is his time
management
skills.
Conservation
of
time,
energy,
and
focus
are
his
moves
between
playing the role of international spokesman for
the age of technology and
planning
business strategy back at headquarters, getting
the maximum amount of work
possible out
of every minute. Always punctual and always in
high gear, he typically
leaves
only
the
tiniest
cracks
in
the
day
for
eating,
talking
to
friends
or
recreation.
The joke around
Microsoft is that his receptionist is the hardest
working person in
the
world.
In
fact,
he
has
several
receptionists.
He
probably
needs
one
just
to
arrange
his travel plans and
visas to foreign countries.
的确，如果说盖茨的风格与
他人有别的
话，那就是他把握时间的技能。节约时间、精力充沛和专心致志是他的突出特
点。
他一会儿充当技术时代的国际代言人，一会儿在微软总部
谋划经营策略，充分利用每一分钟，
最大限度的开展工作。
他总
是准时，
总是处于高速运转状态，
他习惯利用白天的点滴空闲进
餐、
与朋友交谈或娱乐。微软人笑话他的接待员是天底下最勤奋的人。事实上，他有几个
接待员。
他或许需要有人专门安排他的旅行计划和去国外的签证。
On the subject of travel, he has
become known for saving money and time as well. On
business trips, he flies commercial
whenever possible and in the interest of time,
he never checks his baggage. His hosts
also find they save money when he is in town.
There
is
no
time
in
his
schedule
for
tourism
of
any
kind,
no
excursions
or
sightseeing
trips are on his
agenda. It's just work, work, work.
说到旅行
，他节约钱和时间也是出
了名的。出差时，他尽可能坐普通民航飞机；为了节省时间，他
从不托运行李。接待他的东道
主也发现，他住在城里时他们很省钱。他的时间表上没有计
划旅游的时间，日程表上也没有游
览或观光计划。有的只是工作，工作，工作。
Another trait that makes him so
unusual is his incredible
his desk, he
works on two computers, one with multiple frames
that sequence data
streaming
in
from
the
Internet,
and
the
other
handling
the
hundreds
of
e-mail
messages
and letters he receives. He may even
review data while conducting a meeting using a
videophone.
另一个使他与众不同的特质是他令人难以置信
的“多任务操作”能力。
他办公时使
用两台电脑，一台开有多重
窗口以编排从英特网上不断接收的数据，另一台处理他接收的数以
百计的电子邮件。甚至
他在用可视电话主持会议时，还能审核数据。
Gates
runs his company mainly through three methods: He
bats out a hundred or more
e-mail
messages a day (and night); he meets every month
or so with his top management
panel
of
experts
and
advisers;
and
most
importantly,
he
holds
two
or
three
small
review
meetings a day with a
procession of teams working on the company's
various products.
He doesn't address
anyone by name or hand out too much praise, but he
does go round
the
table
clockwise
and
listens
carefully
to
everyone
who
has
an
idea.
When
he
is
unclear
about something, he
quizzes and challenges his staff.
say,
looking to make clear a vague statement. Every
decision he makes is based on his
knowledge of its merits. He doesn't
need to rely on personal politics.
盖茨主要通
过
以下三种方法来经营他的公司：他每天（和每晚）发出
100
封或更多电子邮件；他大约每月与
由专家和顾问组成的高层管理
委员会会晤一次；更重要的是，他每天召开两三个小型碰头会，
接连与会的是研发公司各
种产品的团队。他不作指名道姓的个别谈话，也不作太多的表扬，只
作顺时针方向的圆桌
会谈，仔细听取每个人的意见。遇到不太明白的说法，他就询问甚至质疑
他的手下。“请
就此明示，”他会这么说，希望把不清楚的地方弄明白
.
他作出
的每个决定，都
是基于对其价值的了解。他不需要依赖个人权术。
When Bill Gates was in the sixth
grade, his parents sent him to see a psychologist.
After a year of sessions and tests, the
psychologist reached his conclusion.
going to lose,
there's no use
trying to beat him.
to conquer the world
of computer operating systems and application
software, he has
been deadly for
competitors trying to claw their way into the mark
et.
比尔
?
盖茨读六
年级时，他父母送他去看心理医生。一年后，经过多次看医生和检查，医生有了结论。“您管
不了他的，”他对盖茨的母亲玛丽说。“最好接受现实，打他是不管用的。”自从盖茨从哈佛
退学转去攻克计算机操作系统和应用软件，
22
年来他一直是那些企图挤进这个市场的竞争对手
的死敌。
In early 1975, at the age of 19, while
at Harvard University, he and Paul Allen wrote
an
interpreter
for
the
programming
language
used
by
MITS
Altair,
the
first
commercially
available
personal computer. It was their intense
relationship
—
Gates the
workaholic
code writer and competitor,
Allen the dreamy
visionary
—
that laid the
first brick in
the foundation of
Microsoft. 1975
年初，他
19
岁，还在哈佛大学读书，他和保罗
?
艾伦写
了一份程序设计语言的编译程序，供
MITS
（
微仪表和自动系统公司）的
Altair
电脑用，这是
第一台商业个人电脑。盖茨是个勤奋的编码者和竞争对手，而艾伦却是个充满幻想的梦想家，
正是他们的这种密切关系给微软垫定了第一块砖。
In 1976, Gates began licensing
Microsoft's software products directly to computer
manufacturers, which dramatically
increased Microsoft's gh MITS soon
folded, Microsoft had already attracted
new customers including, at the time, small
hardware firms like Apple, Commodore
and Tandy. 1976
年，盖茨开始许可计算机生产商直
接配销微软软件产品，
这大大增加了微软的利润。
尽管
MITS
很快就关闭了，
微软却已吸引住了
新的顾客，还包括当时一些小硬件公司，如苹果公司，柯摩多尔公司和坦迪公司。
In 1980, IBM invited Microsoft
to write a series of programming languages for its
new
personal computer, the IBM PC.
Gates offered that Microsoft could also produce
the
operating systems (MS-DOS). The IBM
PC and MSDOS wer bundled together and announced
to
the
public
in
August
hout
the
1980s
Microsoft
moved
steadily
upward
and
by the 1990s MS-DOS had
been exported around the world and had become the
dominant
software
platform.
By
1995,
roughly
85
percent
of
the
world's
personal
computers
were
using a Microsoft
operating system. 1980
年，
IBM<
/p>
（美国国际商用机器公司）邀请微软为
其新产品即
IBM
个人电脑（
IBM PC
）编写一整套程序设计语言。盖茨提议微软也可以生产操作
系统（即微软磁盘操作系统
，
MS-
DOS
）
。于是
IMB
PC
和
MS-DOS
便捆绑在一起，并
于
1981
年
8
月面世。整个
20
世纪
80
年代，微软稳定发展。到了
90
年代，
MS-DOS
已出口到世界各地，成
了独霸全球
的软件平台。到
1995
年，全世界大约
85%
的个人电脑使用微软操作系统。
Today
the
Microsoft
campus
is
a
for
new
ideas
and
products
that
currently
number
over 200. It has mushroomed
1992, at least 3,400 of Microsoft's
employees had become millionaires from their
stocks.
如今，
“微软校园”成了新思想和
新产品的“家园”，
产品数量目前超过
200
< br>种。
其雇
员迅速增加到将近
18
,000
人，
利润达到
60
亿美元。
到
1992
年，
至少有
3,400
名微软雇员因持
有微软股份而成为百万富翁。
Gates
hopes to still be running Microsoft for another 10
years, he says, and then
promises to
focus intensely on his family and giving his money
away, but that won't
be the last you
hear of him. Almost everyone in the developed
world has used or is
using a product
that he owns a piece of, from surfing websites on
Microsoft Explorer
to
watching
movies
brought
to
us
by
the
distributor
DreamWorks
SKG.
One
can
only
wonder
what
he will do in the near future.
盖茨说，他希望再经
营微软十年，并许诺之后会将主要
精力放在家庭和捐赠自己的钱财上。但是这不会是你听
到他的最后的故事。
在发达国家，几乎人人都已使用或正在使
用含有他的部件的产品。人们借用微软浏览器上网，
观看梦工厂带来的影片。人们唯独不
知道的是，不久的将来他还会干什么
.
Unit8 A
At first it was just
plain surprising. Word that scientists succeeded
in cloning an
adult
mammal
—
an
achievement
long
thought
impossible
—
caught
the
imagination
of
everyone. The laboratory
process that produced Dolly, an unremarkable-
looking sheep,
theoretically would work
for humans as well.A world with human clones was
suddenly
within reach. It was science
fiction coming to life.
起初，这对人们绝对是个震惊。有<
/p>
消息称科学家已经成功克隆了一只成年哺乳动物，一项长期以来被认为是不可能的成就。这
一
传闻引发了每个人的想象。克隆多莉（一只相貌无奇的绵羊）的实验过程，从理论上说
也同样
适用于克隆人类。一个克隆人的世界突然间近在咫尺，科幻小说变成了现实。
In the wake of this
announcement, governments hurried to draft
guidelines for the
unknown, a future
filled with incredible possibilities. President
Clinton ordered a
national commissionto
study the legal and moral implications of cloning.
Leaders in
Europe, where most nations
already prohibit human cloning, began examining
the moral
implications of cloning other
species Like the Theory of Relativity, the
splitting
of the atom, and the first
space flight, Dolly's appearance has generated a
long list
of
difficult
puzzles
for
scientists,
politicians,
and
philosophers.
And
wild
questions
on the topic of
cloning continue to mount..
此消息宣布之后，为了一个
未知世界，一个充
满各种不可思议的可能性的未来，各国政府立即起草指导方针。克林顿
总统命令一个全国委员
会研究克隆在法律和道德上的含义。在欧洲，大多数国家都已禁止
克隆人类，各国领导此时也
开始研究克隆其他物种的道德含义。就像相对论、原子裂变和
第一次太空飞行一样，多莉的出
现给科学家、
政治家和哲学家们
提出了一长串难以解答的难题。
关于克隆的奇怪问题不断涌现。
Why would anyone want to clone a human
being in the first place?
首先，为什么有
人想克隆人类
?
The
human
cloning
situations
that
experts
consider
most
frequently
fall
into
two
broad
categories: 1) parents
who want to clone a child, either to provide
transplants for
a dying child or to
replace that child, and 2) adults who for a
variety of reasons
might want to clone
themselves.
专家们考虑得最多的关于克隆人类的情形可以分为两大类：
1)
父母想要克隆孩子，
要么是想为面临死
亡威胁的孩子提供移植器官，
要么是想代替那个孩子；
2)
成年人出于各种各样的原因想要克隆自己。
Will it be possible to clone the
dead?
是否可能克隆死去的人
?
Perhaps, if the body is fresh, says one
expert. The cloning method used requires
combining an egg cell with the nucleus
of a cell containing the DNA of the person to
be
cloned.
(DNA
is
a
very
long,
ribbon-like
molecule
that
contains
our
genetic
information.) And
that means that the nucleus must be intact. Cells
die and the cell
nucleus begins to
break apart after death. But, yes, in theory at
least it might be
possible.
有
位专家说，
如果是刚死去不久，
也许就可能。
< br>所使用的克隆方法要求将一个卵细胞
和一个含有被克隆人的
DNA
的细胞核相结合。
(DNA
是
一种含有我们的基因信息的狭长带状分
子。
)
这就意味着细胞核必须保持完整。而人死之后，细胞死亡，细胞核就开始分裂。但是，
< br>的确，至少从理论上说克隆死去的人是可能的。
Would a cloned human be identical to
the original?
克隆的人会和母本一模一样吗
?
Identical
genes
don't
produce
identical
people,
as
anyone
who
knows
a
set
of
identical
twins can tell you. In fact, twins are
more alike than clones would be, since they
have at least shared the same
environment within the mother, are usually raised
in
the same family, and so forth.
Parents could clone a second child who resembled
their
first in appearance, but all the
evidence suggests the two would have very
different
personalities.
Twins
separated
at
birth
do
sometimes
share
personality
characteristics,
but such characteristics in a cloned son or
daughter would only be
reminders of the
child who was lost.
相同的基因不会复制出相同的人。任何认识一
些双胞
胎的人都知道这一点。事实上，双胞胎相像的程度胜于克隆人，因为他们至少在母
体内分享过
相同的环境，通常也在同一个家庭里被抚养长大，等等。父母可能克隆出一个
面貌与第一个孩
子相似的人，但是所有的证据都表明，这两个人的个性会有很大差异。一
出生就被分开的双胞
胎，有时可能有相同的个性特征，但是这样的特征出现在克隆的儿子
或女儿身上，却只能令人
想起失去的孩子。
Even in terms of biology, a clone would
not be identical to the
clone's
cells,
for
example,
would
have
energy-processing
machinery
that
came
from
the
egg, not from the person who was
cloned. But most of the physical differences
between
originals
and
copies
are
so
minor
that
detection
of
them
would
require
a
sophisticated
laboratory.
The
one
possible
exception
is
bearing
children.
The
scientists
responsible
for the
successful cloning are not sure that Dolly will be
able to have lambs. They
will try to
find out once she's old enough to breed
即使从生物学的角度看，克隆人也
不会和“母本”一模一样。比如，克隆人的细胞可能会
有来自卵子而非被克隆人的能量加工机
制。然而，在母体和克隆体之间存在的身体差异大
部分都很小，需要在设备精良的实验室里才
能测定。唯一可能的例外就是生育能力。成功
地实施了克隆多莉的科学家们也不敢肯定多莉是
否能生育。他们会等到多莉到了生育年龄
时再确认这一点。
What if parents
decided to clone a child in order to harvest organ
s?
如果父母决定克
隆一个孩子以获得器官，那会怎样
?
Most experts agree that it
would be psychologically harmful if a child sensed
he had
been
brought
into
the
world
simply
as
an
organ
donor.
But
some
parents
already
produce
second
children
with
nonfatal
transplants
in
mind,
and
many
experts
do
not
oppose
this.
Cloning would increase the chances for
a tissue match from 25 percent to nearly 100
percent.
多数专家都认为，如果一个孩子感到自己只是作为一个器
官捐赠者来到这个世界，那
他的心理可能受到伤害。但也有为了进行一些非致命器官的移
植而生育第二个小孩的父母，对
此许多专家也并不反对。克隆可以将组织适配率从
25%
提高到将近
100%
< br>。
If
cloned
animals
could
be
used
as
organ
donors,
we
wouldn't
have
to
worry
about
cloning
twins
for
transplants.
Pigs,
for
example,
have
organs
similar
in
size
to
humans'.
But
the human body attacks
and destroys tissue from other species. To get
around that,
one
company
is
trying
to
alter
the
pig's
genetic
code
to
prevent
pig
organs
from
being
attacked. If the company's technicians
succeed, it may be more efficient to produce
such pigs by cloning than by current me
thods.
如果把被克隆的动物用作器官捐赠体，那我
们就不
必担心为器官移植而克隆双胞胎了。例如，猪的器官就和人类的差不多大小。但是人体
会
排斥并破坏来自其他物种的组织。为了克服这一障碍，一家公司正在试图改变猪的基因码，
以避免猪的器官受到排斥。如果该公司的技术人员成功的话，那么用克隆技术来繁殖这样的猪
< br>比用现行的方法更为有效。
How would a
human clone refer to the donor of its DNA?
< br>克隆的人将如何称呼其
DNA
捐赠
者
?
is
not
right,
because
the
woman
who
supplied
the
egg
and
gave
birth
to
the
infant
would more
appropriately be called Mother.
father
supplies only half the DNA in a child. Judith
Martin, in her writings under
the name
of
to bring one into the wor
ld.
称呼“妈妈”不正确，因为提供卵子并生下婴孩的女子才更有
资格被称为母亲。称呼“爸爸”也不对。传统意义上的父亲只提供孩子身上一半的
D
NA
。朱迪
斯
?
马丁在用笔名“礼仪小姐”撰写的著作里建议这样称呼：“尊敬的先生
/
夫人”。为什么
呢
?
“不
论他们用什么方式将你带到这个世界，”她说，“人总得尊敬自己的祖先。”
That
still
leaves
some
confusion
over
vocabulary.
The
editorial
director
of
one
dictionary says that the noun
enough. Instead, he prefers
这样做还是留下了一些词汇上的难题。
一本词典的主编说，
名词
“被克隆者”听起来不错，
但却不够明晰。
他更愿意用“母本”
和“副
本”。
What are
the other implications of cloning for
society?
克隆对社会还有什么其他含义
?
The
gravest
concern
isn't
really
cloning
itself,
but
genetic
engineering
—
the
deliberate
altering
of
genes
to
create
human
beings
according
to
certain
requirements.
Specifically,
some
experts
are
concerned
about
the
creation
of
a
new
(and
disrespected)
social
class:
clones
最让人担心的不是克隆本身，而是基因工程──即根据特定的要
求故意改
变基因来创造人类。具体地说，有些专家担心会出现一个新的（和不被尊重的）社会
阶层
，即“克隆阶层”。
One expert
believes the situation could be comparable to what
occurred in the 16th
century, when
Europeans puzzled over how to classify the
unfamiliar inhabitants of
the Americas,
and endlessly debated whether or not they were hum
ans.
有位专家相信，
这一情形类似于
16
世纪时的一种情况，
当时的欧洲人对如何对美洲的陌生居
民进行归类感到困
惑，并无休止地争论他们究竟是不是人类。
The
list
of
questions
could
go
on;
people
are
just
beginning
to
wonder
about
the
future
of the world after cl
oning
问题不胜枚举，而人们只是刚刚开始探询克隆技术出现后的世界
的未来。
Unit9
A
A
future
husband
wanted
to
be
sure
that
if
his
marriage
didn't
work
out,
he
could
keep
his treasured ice-cream collection
safely stored away in a freezer.A woman insisted
on verifying who would walk the dog.
One man wanted the right to get a divorce if his
bride-to-be gained more than 15 pounds
once she became his wife.
一位即将结婚的男子
希望能够确保即使婚姻失败，他仍可以把他珍爱的冰淇淋藏品好好储存在冰柜里。一名女子坚
持要求明确婚后由谁来遛狗。
一名男子要求，
如果他未来的新娘婚后体重增加
15
磅以上，
< br>他有
权离婚。
These
are some of the crazier clauses of prenuptial
agreements. But make no mistake
about
it,
what
most
of
them
are
about
is
money
—
and
how
financial
assets
will
be
divided
up
if a
couple
divorces. And
divorce,
with
its
accompanying
money
problems,
is
common
in
the
United
States.
以上这
些都是婚前协议中一些比较荒唐的条款。但是不要弄错了，大多
数婚前协议涉及到的都是
钱──以及一旦离婚该怎样分配财产。而且，离婚及其带来的钱财纠
纷，在美国是很常见
的事。
Prenuptial
agreements
—
or
—
are designed to address
these problems as they
arise.
Prenups
are
negotiated
by
lawyers
for
the
prospective
spouses,
and
signed
before
a minister binds them in marriage. They
have been gaining in acceptance in the United
States since the early 1980s, when more
states began passing laws that affected the
division of financial assets in a
divorce. The laws are based either on
p
roperty
婚前协议──简称
pr
enup──就是用来处理这些问题的。
婚前协议由即将结婚的男女
双方的律师共同协定，然后由双方在牧师宣布他们结为夫妻之前签署。自
20
世纪
80
年代初以
来
，婚前协议在美国被越来越多的人接受，因为当时越来越多的州开始通过关于离婚财产分配
的法律。这些法律要么是基于“共有财产”（平均分配）
，要么是基于“合理分配”（
法官认为
怎样“公平”就怎样分）
。
The prenups of the famous make the
headlines: Lawyers for Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis
contested
the
prenuptial
agreement
between
her
and
Aristotle
Onassis
after
his
death,
reportedly winning $$26 million in an
out-of-court settlement.
名人的婚前协议总是新
闻头条：
杰奎琳
?
肯尼迪
?
奥纳西斯的律师在亚里士多德
?
奥纳西斯死后拿出两人的婚前协议对簿
公堂，据说她后来在庭外和解
中得到了
2,600
万美元。
But prenuptial agreements are also for
lesser known, although wealthy,
folks.
because divorce has such great
economic consequences, and successive marriages
have
become so common,
但婚前协议也
适用于那些不甚有名却很富有
的人。“这是因为离婚会带来巨大的经济后果，而再婚又如
此常见，”一位家庭法律师说。
A
typical
candidate
for
a
prenuptial
agreement
is
a
man
who
has
accumulated
considerable
wealth,
has
already
been
stung
once,
and
wants
to
reduce
his
<19>exposure
to
future
problems.
to
make
their
own
arrangements,
rather
than
let
a
court
decide,
said
the
president
of
the
New
York
chapter
of
the
American
Academy
of
Marriage
Lawye
rs.
典型的想签订婚前协议的人是那些积累了大量财富、曾吃过苦头的男性，他们想减
少日后的麻
烦。“他们想自己安排解决，而不想让法庭裁决，”美国婚姻法律师协会纽约
分会的会长说。
Protecting
children
from
a
previous
marriage
is
a
strong
reason
for
prenuptial
contracts.
a payment of half a billion.
He may want more for his children,
The
effort to shield assets to be passed on to
children and grandchildren is making
prenups
more
common
among
retired
people
in
their
60s
and
70s
who
are
remarrying
after
a spouse has died.
保护前一次婚姻的孩子
是签署婚前契约的一个重要原因。“有人可能有价
值
10
亿美元的财产，而他又不想让第二个配偶分得
5
亿美元。他可能想多留一点给自己的孩
子，”一名律师说。为了将财产传到自己的儿孙
手中，六、七十岁的退休丧偶老人在找老伴时，
订立婚前协议也很常见。
Another situation that calls for
premarital agreement occurs when a potential
spouse
has, or is in line for, great
inherited wealth or a family business, especially
if
the future partner has little or
nothing at all.
另一种要求签订婚前协议的情况大多是，
未来的丈夫或妻子已经或即将继承巨额遗产或家庭产业，而未来伴侣却家产不多或一贫如洗。
But
even
when
both
parties
have
signed
such
an
agreement,
it
can
be
impossible
to
enforce
it
in
court
if
proper
guidelines
have
not
been
followed.
A
lawyer
is
required
to
write
the
document,
for
mistakes
in
language
—
even
a
misplaced
preposition
—
can
be
disastrous. But never,
ever, warn marriage law consultants, should you
use the same
lawyer as your future
spouse does.
但是，即使双方签订了这样的协议，如果不遵循正确的
指导方针，还是不可能在法院实施它。协议应当由律师起草，因为文字错误──哪怕只是介词<
/p>
放错了位置──也可能是灾难性的。
但
婚姻法顾问警告说，永远不要选择你未来伴侣的律师来做你的律师。
Another problem is a prenuptial
agreement signed under pressure. To avoid this,
some
lawyers
will
not
draw
up
an
agreement
once
a
wedding
date
has
been
set.
figure
there's
a sword hanging over their head, and
that's pressure,
counsel
their
clients
never
to
send
out
wedding
invitations
until
both
signatures
are
on an agreement. But not
everyone takes this advice. A classic example is
cited:
agreement is stuck under
somebody's nose on the day of the
wedding
—
and it's usually
a 'she'
—
and she
signs, but doesn't even read it.
另一个问题是出
于压力而签订的婚前
协议。为避免这类问题，有些律师不愿在婚期已定之后起草协议。“
我认为他们的头上悬着一
把剑，那就是压力，”一位律师这样说道。这些律师会建议自己
的当事人绝不要在双方签订协
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