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剑桥雅思11雅思阅读Test4passage3原文+题目+答案解析

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2021-02-15 15:48
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A Of all mankinds manifold creations, language must take pride of place. Other


inventions




the


wheel,


agriculture,


sliced


bread




may


have


transformed


our


material existence, but the advent of language is what made us human. Compared to


language, all other inventions pale in significance, since everything we have ever


achieved depends on language and originates from it. Without language,


we could never


have


embarked


on


our


ascent


to


unparalleled


power


over


all


other


animals,


and


even


over


nature itself.





B But language is foremost not just because it came first. In its own right it is


a tool of extraordinary


sophistication, yet based on


an idea of ingenious simplicity:



this marvellous invention of composing out of twenty-five or thirty sounds that


infinite


variety


of


expressions


which,


whilst


having


in


themselves


no


likeness


to


what


is in our mind, allow us to disclose to others its whole secret, and to make known to


those who cannot penetrate it all that we imagine, and all the various stirrings of


our soul



. This was how, in 1660, the renowned French grammarians of the Port-Royal


abbey


near


Versailles


distilled


the


essence


of


language,


and


no


one


since


has


celebrated


more eloquently the magnitude of its achievement. Even so, there is just one flaw in


all these


hymns of


praise, for the


homage to languages unique accomplishment


conceals


a


simple


yet


critical


incongruity.


Language


is


mankind



s


greatest


invention



except,


of course, that it was never invented. This apparent paradox is at the core of our


fascination with language, and it holds many of its secrets.





C Language often seems so skillfully drafted that one can hardly imagine it as


anything


other


than


the


perfected


handiwork


of


a


master


craftsman.


How


else


could


this


instrument


make


so


much


out


of


barely


three


dozen


measly


morsels


of


sound?


In


themselves,


these


configurations


of


mouth



p,f,b,v,t,d,k,g,sh,a,e


and


so


on



amount


to


nothing


more


than


a


few


haphazard


spits


and


splutters,


random


noises


with


no


meaning,


no


ability


to


express,


no


power


to


explain.


But


run


them


through


the


cogs


and


wheels


of


the


language


machine, let it arrange them in some very special orders, and there is nothing that


these meaningless streams of air cannot do: from sighing the interminable boredom of


existence to unravelling the fundamental order of the universe.





D


The


most


extraordinary thing about language, however, is


that one


doesn



t have


to be a genius to set its wheels in motion. The language machine allows just about

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