-
中马财务报表列报准则比较
A
Comparison of Financial Statement Criteria between
China and Malaysia
池昭梅
【论文分类】财务与会计导刊(理论版)
【论文网络来源】
/F101
【期刊
期数】
2009
年
08
期
【论文期刊来源】
《财会
月刊(理论)
》
(
武汉
)2009
年
3
下期第
89
~
92
页
【英文标题】
A
Comparison
of
Financial
Statement
Criteria
between
China
and
Malaysia
【作者简介】池昭梅,广西财经学院。
p>
(南宁
530003
)
随着
“中
国
-
东盟自由贸易区”的加快建设,中国与马来西亚必将在区域
经济一体化中发挥
重要作用。研究中马两国财务报表列报准则存在的差异,对中国企业尽
快融入国际资本市场
具有重要的意义。
With
the
-
ASEAN
Free
Trade
Area
to
speed
up
construction,
China
and
Malaysia
in regional
economic integration will play an important role.
Study of financial
statements of both
countries present different criteria, as soon as
possible for
Chinese
enterprises
into
the
international
capital
markets
is
of
great
significance.
一、中马财务报表列报准则发展历程比较
First, A Comparison of the development
history of Financial Statement Criteria
between China and Malaysia
1.
马来
西亚财务报表列报准则的发展历程。根据
1997
年通过的《财
务报告法》的相关规定,
马来西亚成立了财务报告基金会(
FR
F
)和马来西亚会计准则委员会(
MASB
)
,并赋予马来西
亚会计准则委员会制定、
修改会计准则等方面的权限。
1999
年,
MASB
第一次发布了财务报表
列报准则(
MASB1
)
,企业的财务报表编制因此有了
依据。从
2005
年
1
月
1
日起,
MASB
把所
有的会计准则重新命名为财务报告准则(
F
RS
)
,至此
MASB1
更名为
FRS101
。
20
07
年
6
月
1
5
日,根据国际财务报告准则的相关规定,
MASB
对十项财务报告准则和《财务报表列报框架》
进行修订和重新编排,
FRS101
的内容随之发生了很大的变化,
本文所要比较的财务报表列报
准则为
2007
< br>年修订后的准则。
1.
Malaysia
Financial
Statement
Criteria
development
process.
According
to
the
1997
adoption
of
the
Reporting
Act,
the
relevant
provisions
of
the
Financial
Reporting
Foundation was established in Malaysia (FRF) and
Malaysian Accounting
Standards
Board
(MASB),
and
given
the
Malaysian
Accounting
Standards
Board
to
develop,
modify accounting standards and other
aspects of permissions. In 1999, MASB issued
the
first
guidelines
for
presentation
of
financial
statements
(MASB1),
therefore
the
preparation of corporate
financial statements has been based. From 1
January 2005
onwards,
MASB
accounting
standards
for
all
re-named
the
Financial
Reporting
Standards
(FRS),
thus
MASB1
renamed
June15,2007according
to
International
Financial
Reporting
Standards
with
the
relevant
provisions,
MASB
of
ten
key
Financial
Reporting
Standards and the
FRS101
the
contents
of
the
great
changes
ensue
in
this
paper
to
compare
the
criteria
of
financial statements for 2007 revised criteria.
p>
2.
中国财务报表列报准则的发展历程。
至
2006
年
《企业会计准则第
30
号——财务报表列报》
(
< br>CAS30
)
发布之前,
中国并
无完整意义上的财务报表列报准则,
对财务报表列报的相关规定,
散见于
《企业会计准则——基本准则》
、
企业会计
(核算)
制度以及证监会发布的关于公开发
行证券的公司信息披露的相关规定中。
e
Financial
Statement
Criteria
development
process.
2006
Standards
for
Enterprises
No.
30
-
Financial
Statements
(CAS30)
before
the
release,
China
is
not
the
full
sense
guidelines
for
the
presentation
of
financial
statements,
presentation of the financial
statements of the relevant provisions of
scattered,
CSRC's public
offering of securities on the disclosure of
corporate information
related
provisions.
1950
年
7
月
1
日开始试行的新中国第一个统一
核算制度
《中央重工业部所属企业及经济机构
统一会计制度》<
/p>
,
把会计报表分为主要报表及辅助报表两类,
主要报表有资产负债表、
现金收
支表、成本计算表等
6
种。
1962
年<
/p>
1
月颁发的《国营工业企业会计报表格式和编制说明》将
资产负债表改为资金平衡表,同时会计报表有
15
种之多。
1965
年
11
月颁发的《工业企业会
计科目和报表格式》
,将<
/p>
15
种会计报表减为
6
< br>种。在
1985
年、
1989<
/p>
年两次修订的《国营工
业企业会计制度——会计科目和会计报表》
中对资金平衡表的编排有所改变,不再保持三段
平衡的格式,并且对报表中的相关项目进
行了调整。
July
1,
1950
began
the
trial
of
the
fist
unified
accounting
system
of
the
New
China's
uniform
accounting
system
the
accounting
statements
and
supporting
statements
are
divided
into
two
major
reports,
the
main
statements
are
the
balance
sheet,
cash
income
and expenditure,the
cost of computation, etc. 6 species. January 1962
issue of the
industrial
enterprises
and
the
preparation
of
the
format
of
accounting
statements
that
the
balance
sheet
to
fund
balance
sheet,
while
the
financial
statements
of
15
species.
November
1965
issue
of
enterprise
accounts
and
report
formats
will
be
reduced
to
15
types
of
financial
statements
6
types.
In
1985,
and 1989 amendments to
the
accounts
and
financial
statements
in
the
presentation
of
the
financial
balance
sheet
has
changed, no longer maintain the balance of the
format of three sections, and on
the
related report items have been adjusted.
1992
年
11
月
30
日,财政部颁布了中国第一部《企业会计准则》
,
在该准则的第九章中,指
出财务报告是反映企业财务状况和经营成果的书面文件,包括资
产负债表、损益表、财务状
况变动表(或者现金流量表)
、附表
、会计报表附注和财务状况说明书。另外,在当时发布的
《企业财务通则》
第四十一条和第四十二条也提到了财务报告的内容。
此后财政部又依据
《企
业会计准则》
制定了全国统一的分行业的
会计制度,
以便与
《企业会计准则》
配
合使用。
1998
年
3
月颁发的《企业会计准则——现金流量表》规范了现金流量表的编制内容及编制方法,
< br>此准则在
2001
年
1
月被修订,现金流量表的编制内容因此得到进一步简化。
1999
年,全国
人大常委会审核通过了修订后的《会计法》
< br>,并于
2000
年
7
月
1
日开始施行。在《会计法》
< br>的第十八条至二十三条,均提到了财务会计报告的编制基础、内容等问题。
200
0
年
6
月,国
务院发布了《企业财务会计报告条例》
,并于
2001
年
1
月
1
日起开始施行。该条例指出财务
会计报告应包括会计报表、会计报表附注及财
务情况说明书,主要的会计报表包括资产负债
表、利润表、现金流量表及相关附表。同时
,该条例对资产、负债、所有者权益、收入、费
用及利润六大要素进行了详细说明。
p>
November
30,
1992,
the
Ministry
of
Finance
issued
China's
first
Accounting
Standards
report
reflecting
the
financial
position
and
operating
results
of
the
written
documents,
including
a
balance
sheet,
income
statement,
changes
in
financial
position
(or
cash
flow
statement),
Schedules,
Financial
Statements
and
the
financial
position
of
the
manual.
In
addition,
published
at
the
time,
Principles
of
Corporate
Finance,
Since then the
Ministry of Finance and based on
developed a unified accounting system
of the sub-sector to work with
Accounting
Standards
with
use.
March
1998
awarded
the
Accounting
Standards - Statement of Cash
Flows
Statement of Cash Flows
for the preparation
of
standardized
content
and
methodology,
the
guidelines
in
January
2001
was
revised
up
cash
flow to further simplify the preparation of the
contents so. In 1999, the NPC
Standing
Committee examined and adopted the revised
1, 2000 into effect. In the
referred
to
the
preparation
of
financial
reports
based
on
the
content
and
other
issues.
June
2000,
the
State
Council
issued
the
Financial
Statements
Regulations,
financial
report
of
the
Ordinance
shall
include
the
financial
statements,
accounting
statements
and
financial
situation,
the
main
financial
statements
include
a
balance
sheet,
income
statement,
cash
flow
statement
and
related
details.
At
the
same
time,
the
Ordinance
on
the
assets,
liabilities,
equity,
revenues,
expenses
and
profits
of
the
six elements described in detail.
此外,针对证券发行公司在信息披露方面的特殊性,中国证监会还发布了财务报表列报的相
关规定。
2006
年
2
月,财政部发布了《企业会计准则第
30
号——财务报表列报》
,并于当年
10
月发布了该准则的应用指南,
这是中国首次发布的关于如何规范企业财务报表列报的
一个
完整准则。
In
addition,
the
securities
issued
in
the
special
nature
of
information
disclosure,
the
CSRC
also
issued
financial
statements
of
the
relevant
provisions
of
the
presentation.
February
2006,
the
Ministry
of
Finance
issued
the
Standards
for Enterprises No. 30 - Financial
Statements
application of the guidelines
issued guidance, this is the first release of the
financial
statements
on
how
to
regulate
business
criteria
for
a
complete
presentation.
二、中马财务报表列报准则内容比较
Second
,
A
Comparison of the content of Financial Statement
Criteria between China
and Malaysia
中马两国在
2006
年前后发布的财务报表列报准则,
虽同时参考了
《国际
会计准则第
1
号——
财务报表列报》<
/p>
,
但两者在很多方面存在明显的差异。
中
马两国在财务报表列报准则的表述方
面有所不同,中国以章节分别论述,而马来西亚则完
全参照国际财务报告准则的格式,以段
落分而述之。
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